MARGO K. BRODIE, District Judge:
Plaintiff Thomas Nguyen, proceeding pro se, commenced this action on February 18, 2014, against Defendants Ridgewood Savings Bank ("Ridgewood") and Peter Boger, the President, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Ridgewood. Plaintiff asserts claims under the Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., and under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, alleging denial of his Fifth Amendment rights and "rights guaranteed by many statutes."
According to Plaintiff's Complaint, in or about October 2007, Plaintiff obtained a secured loan of approximately $7,000 from Ridgewood. (Compl. 10.) Between the date of the loan and June 2013, Ridgewood furnished information to credit reporting agencies which indicated Plaintiff had missed payments on his loan on approximately 22 occasions. (Id. at 1 ¶ IV, 11.)
Sometime in 2013, Plaintiff reported to the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation's ("FDIC") Consumer Response Center that he had concerns regarding the accuracy of Ridgewood's bank records as they related to the timeliness of his loan payments. (Id. at 4.) The FDIC Consumer Response Center contacted Ridgewood on Plaintiff's behalf. (Id.) On or about November 19, 2013, Ridgewood, through its Vice President Vito DiBona, issued a response to the FDIC Consumer Response Center's inquiries and sent a copy directly to Plaintiff. (Id.) This response outlined Ridgewood's analysis which led it to conclude that Plaintiff's payments were delinquent, as reported to the credit reporting agencies. (Id.) The FDIC Consumer Response Center requested additional information, and on December 9, 2013, Ridgewood issued a second response indicating that it had reconsidered its original analysis, decided to expunge the entire delinquency history from Plaintiff's account and would update the records provided to the credit reporting agencies to reflect the corrected account information. (Id.) On December 16, 2013, the FDIC Consumer Response
On or about December 29, 2013, Plaintiff sent a letter to Boger stating that Ridgewood's reports of delinquent payments had affected Plaintiff's credit score and financial livelihood. (Id. at 5.) Plaintiff also stated in the letter that the inaccurate reports were a reason that two of his bank accounts, held at another bank, were closed in 2012, and that the situation contributed to his "cardiac problem."
In reviewing a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a court "must take all of the factual allegations in the complaint as true." Pension Ben. Guar. Corp. ex rel. St. Vincent Catholic Med. Centers Ret. Plan v. Morgan Stanley Inv. Mgmt. Inc., 712 F.3d 705, 717 (2d Cir.2013) (quoting Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009)); see also Lundy v. Catholic Health Sys. of Long Island Inc., 711 F.3d 106, 113 (2d Cir.2013) (quoting Holmes v. Grubman, 568 F.3d 329, 335 (2d Cir.2009)); Matson v. Bd. of Educ., 631 F.3d 57, 63 (2d Cir. 2011) (quoting Connecticut v. Am. Elec. Power Co., 582 F.3d 309, 320 (2d Cir. 2009)). A complaint must plead "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). A claim is plausible "when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Matson, 631 F.3d at 63 (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937); see also Pension Ben. Guar. Corp., 712 F.3d at 717-18. A complaint need not contain "detailed factual allegations," but a plaintiff must do more than present "an unadorned, the defendant-unlawfully-harmed-me accusation." Matson, 631 F.3d at 63 (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937). "[W]here the well-pleaded facts do not permit the court to infer more than the mere possibility of misconduct, the complaint has alleged — but it has not `show[n]' — `that the pleader is entitled to relief.'" Pension Ben. Guar. Corp., 712 F.3d at 718 (alteration in original) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937). Although all allegations contained in the complaint are assumed true, this principle is "inapplicable to legal conclusions" or "[t]hreadbare recitals of the elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements."
The Fair Credit Reporting Act ("FCRA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1681 et seq., regulates consumer credit reporting agencies to ensure the confidentiality, accuracy, relevancy, and proper utilization of consumer credit information. 15 U.S.C. § 1681(b). "As part of this regulatory scheme, the [FCRA] imposes several duties on those who furnish information to consumer reporting agencies."
Under certain circumstances, an individual may bring a civil cause of action against any entity who "`willfully fails to comply with any requirement imposed under' the [FCRA] and [may] recover actual or statutory damages, punitive damages, costs, and attorneys' fees."
Plaintiff argues that Defendants are liable to him for inaccurately reporting missed payments and non-payments to credit bureaus on 22 occasions. (See Compl. 5.) Plaintiff claims this violation was knowing and willful, (id. 2 ¶ IV), and attaches to his Complaint a December 29, 2013 letter to Boger which raised the issue of the inaccuracy. (Compl. 5-7.) Defendants argue that Plaintiff cannot state a claim to enforce the duty to provide accurate information and to correct inaccurate information provided in Section 1681s-2(a) because only government officials can enforce this section of the statute. (Def. Mem. 4.)
"[T]here is no private cause of action for violations of [Section] 1681s-2(a)." Longman, 702 F.3d at 151 (collecting cases); Barberan v. Nationpoint, 706 F.Supp.2d 408, 427 (S.D.N.Y.2010). The statute expressly provides that Section 1681s-2(a) "shall be enforced exclusively... by the Federal agencies and officials and the State officials identified in section 1681s of this title." 15 U.S.C. § 1681s-2(d); see Kane v. Guar. Residential Lending, Inc., No. 04-CV-4847, 2005 WL 1153623, at *4 (E.D.N.Y. May 16, 2005) ("[T]here is no private cause of action under Section 1681s-2(a), for the FCRA limits the enforcement of this subsection to government agencies and officials." (internal quotation marks and alteration omitted)). To the extent Plaintiff alleges violations of subsection (a) of section 1681s-2 — which prohibits knowingly reporting inaccurate information, 15 U.S.C. § 1681s-2(a)(1), failing to correct and update information, id. § 1681s-2(a)(2), and failing to investigate a dispute raised directly to the furnisher by a consumer, id. § 1681s-2(a)(8) — the Complaint fails to state a claim and is dismissed.
As noted above, upon proper notice, furnishers of information must investigate
Defendants argue that, as a furnisher of information, Ridgewood was required to conduct an investigation pursuant to Section 1681s-2(b) only if it received notice of the underlying credit dispute from a consumer reporting agency, but not where it received notice from the FDIC Consumer Response Center. (Def. Mem. 4-5.) Plaintiff repeatedly refers to the investigation conducted by the FDIC Consumer Response Center and argues that Defendants were "keeping silen[t]" in response to the complaints lodged by Plaintiff with the FDIC. (Pl. Opp'n Letter 2.)
Although the Second Circuit has not directly addressed the issue, the majority of courts to address whether a private right of action exists for willful or negligent noncompliance with Section 1681s-2(b) have recognized one. Chiang v. Verizon New England Inc., 595 F.3d 26, 35 (1st Cir.2010) ("We join the vast majority of courts to have considered this issue in holding that a plain reading of the FCRA's text indicates that a private cause of action exists for individuals seeking remedies for furnishers' violations of § 1681s-2(b)."); Redhead, 2002 WL 31106934, at *5 (collecting cases); see also Stafford v. Cross Country Bank, 262 F.Supp.2d 776, 783, 783 n. 4 (W.D.Ky.2003) (same). "A claim is stated pursuant to that section, however, only if plaintiff shows that: (1) the furnisher received notice of a credit dispute from a credit reporting agency, and (2) the furnisher thereafter acted in `willful or negligent noncompliance with the statute.'" Markovskaya v. Am. Home Mortgage Servicing, Inc., 867 F.Supp.2d 340, 343 (E.D.N.Y.2012) (quoting Redhead, 2002 WL 31106934, at *5). A reading of the plain language of Section 1681s-1(b) makes it clear the duty to investigate a credit dispute is triggered only upon notice of the dispute from a consumer reporting agency. Id. at 344 ("Plaintiff's only claim can be pursuant to Section 1681s-2(b). As noted, such a claim is stated only when [p]laintiff can show that the furnisher received information regarding a consumer's credit directly from a credit reporting agency, and not only from the consumer."); Dickman v. Verizon Commc'ns, Inc., 876 F.Supp.2d 166, 172-74 (E.D.N.Y.2012) ("[U]nder § 1681s-2(b), [a] defendant ha[s] no duty to investigate [a] credit dispute unless defendant received notice of the dispute from a consumer reporting agency." (alterations in original) (internal quotation marks omitted) (quoting Prakash v. Homecomings Fin., No. 05-CV-2895, 2006 WL 2570900, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 5, 2006))); Kane, 2005 WL 1153623, at *4 ("[T]he duty to investigate in Subsection (b) is triggered only after a furnisher of information receives notice from a credit reporting agency of a consumer's dispute.").
Thus, to state a claim against Ridgewood for a violation of 15 U.S.C. § 1681s-2(b), Plaintiff must allege that Ridgewood received notice from a consumer reporting agency stating that Plaintiff disputed the accuracy of the reported information.
The Court dismisses, without prejudice, Plaintiff's FCRA claim against Ridgewood. Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege that Ridgewood received notice of Plaintiff's dispute from a consumer reporting agency, and failed to plausibly allege that Ridgewood violated its duty to investigate pursuant to the statute. If Plaintiff can allege a plausible claim that Ridgewood violated § 1681s-2(b), and can ultimately support such an allegation with credible evidence, such allegations should be included in an amended complaint.
Plaintiff has not alleged, and has presented no facts that would support a finding that, Boger had any duty to Plaintiff under the FCRA. There is no allegation that Boger himself provided information about Plaintiff to any consumer reporting agency, or in any other way acted as a furnisher of information, which would give rise to an independent duty on the part of Boger. Furthermore, as discussed above, Plaintiff does not allege that Boger had notice of Plaintiff's dispute from a consumer reporting agency. See Fashakin v. Nextel Commc'ns, No. 05-CV-3080, 2006 WL 1875341, at *6 (E.D.N.Y. July 5, 2006) (dismissing claim brought under Section 1681s-2(b) when "nowhere in the pleadings does Plaintiff allege that Defendant Donahue, the CEO of Nextel, received notice from a credit reporting bureau of Plaintiff's complaint" (citing Kane, 2005 WL 1153623, at *4)).
The Court dismisses, without prejudice, Plaintiff's FCRA claim against Boger. If Plaintiff can allege a plausible claim that Boger had responsibilities under § 1681s-2(b) and violated those responsibilities, and can ultimately support such an allegation with credible evidence, such allegations should be included in an amended complaint.
Plaintiff argues that Defendants deprived him of his "right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." (Compl. 3 ¶ V.) This claim is not cognizable under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In order to sustain a claim for relief under Section 1983, a plaintiff must allege (1) that the challenged conduct was "committed by a person acting under color of state law," and (2) that such conduct "deprived [the plaintiff] of rights, privileges, or immunities secured by the Constitution or laws of the United States." Cornejo v. Bell, 592 F.3d 121, 127 (2d Cir.2010) (quoting Pitchell v. Callan, 13 F.3d 545, 547 (2d Cir.1994)). "[T]he under-color-of-state-law element of § 1983 excludes from its reach merely private conduct, no matter how discriminatory or wrongful." American Mfrs. Mut. Ins. Co. v. Sullivan, 526 U.S. 40, 50, 119 S.Ct. 977, 143 L.Ed.2d 130 (1999) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
Plaintiff has not stated a claim under Section 1983 against either Defendant. Plaintiff has acknowledged that Ridgewood is a private corporation and Boger is a private individual, acting as Ridgewood's CEO. (Compl. 2 ¶ II.) Plaintiff has not alleged that Defendants were, in any way, acting under color of state law, nor has he provided any facts which would support such an allegation. Furthermore, Plaintiff alleges no specific violation of his constitutional or federal rights, other than his vague invocation of the "right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness, and the rights guaranteed by many statutes." (Compl. 3 ¶ V.) In support of his claims, Plaintiff merely argues that "by using default and logic," requiring state action and a deprivation of a federally protected right is "based on a false interpretation of the law." (Pl. Opp'n Letter 2.) This argument is meritless, and Plaintiff's Section 1983 claims are dismissed with prejudice.
For the foregoing reasons, the Court grants Defendants' motion to dismiss the Complaint in its entirety for failure to state a claim. Plaintiff is granted thirty days to file an amended complaint to correct any of the identified deficiencies as to his Fair Credit Reporting Act claim.
SO ORDERED.