JOSEPH F. BIANCO, District Judge:
On November 6, 2009, defendant Gary Bastien ("Bastien" or "defendant") pleaded guilty to one count of bank fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344 (No. 09-CR-205), and multiple counts of wire and mail fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1341, 1343 (No. 09-CR-757). On July 30, 2010, the undersigned sentenced Bastien to 57 months of imprisonment for the bank fraud charged under 09-CR-205, to run concurrently to 57 months of imprisonment for the wire and mail fraud charged under 09-CR-757. The undersigned also sentenced Bastien to a three-year term of supervised release in each action, to run concurrent to each other. Additionally, the undersigned recommended that Bastien participate in a mental health treatment program. The Court entered a judgment of conviction on August 5, 2010. Bastien, proceeding pro se, then moved for relief pursuant to Rules 60(b) and 60(d) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which was denied in a Memorandum and Order dated April 19, 2013 (the "Rule 60 Order"). United States v. Bastien, Nos. 09-CR-205, 09-CR-757 (JFB), 2013 WL 1701601 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 19, 2013), aff'd, 565 Fed.Appx. 24 (2d Cir. 2014). Bastien now moves for collateral relief through a writ of audita querela (the "Audita Querela Motion"), and, having completed his prison term, for early termination of supervised release (the "Supervised Release Motion"). For the following reasons, the Court denies the motions in their entirety.
The Court assumes the parties' familiarity with the underlying facts. As relevant here, Bastien completed his prison term on April 1, 2013, and currently is on supervised release. He did not directly appeal his conviction or sentence, or seek habeas relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
Bastien filed the Audita Querela Motion on January 10, 2014. On February 6, 2014, the Court ordered the government to respond, but the Court erroneously styled the order as if the petition was brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1651(a), the "Supreme Court and all courts established by Act of Congress may issue all writs necessary or appropriate in aid of their respective jurisdictions and agreeable to the usages and principles of law," including a writ of audita querela. Although formally abolished in civil cases, see Fed.R.Civ.P. 60(e), the writ of audita querela "remain[s] available in very limited circumstances with respect to criminal convictions," United States v. LaPlante, 57 F.3d 252, 253 (2d Cir.1995). A writ of audita querela "is probably available where there is a legal, as contrasted with an equitable, objection to a conviction that has arisen subsequent to the conviction and that is not redressable pursuant to another post-conviction remedy." Id. The writ may also be used to challenge "a judgment that was correct at the time it was rendered but which is rendered infirm by matters which arise after its rendition." United States v. Quintieri, No. 00-CR-351 (TCP), 2013 WL 249648, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. Jan. 22, 2013) (citation and internal quotation marks omitted).
Finally, the writ "`might be deemed available if [its] existence were necessary to avoid serious questions as to the constitutional validity of both § 2255 and § 2244 — if, for example, an actually innocent prisoner were barred from making a previously unavailable claim under § 2241 as well as § 2255.'" United States v. Sperling, 367 Fed.Appx. 213, 214 (2d Cir. 2010) (quoting Triestman v. United States, 124 F.3d 361, 380 n. 24 (2d Cir.1997)).
Bastien asserts four bases for the issuance of a writ of audita querela: (1) the Court erred by not ordering a competency hearing before sentencing; (2) Bastien was not offered any mental health treatment while he was incarcerated; (3) he was forced to work excessive and exhausting hours while incarcerated; and (4) he received ineffective assistance of counsel. Bastien claims that these errors violated his Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights. As set forth below, the Court denies the petition because it is procedurally barred and, regardless, none of the claims have merit.
First, pursuant to the terms of his written plea agreement on November 6, 2009, Bastien is barred from collaterally attacking his conviction or sentence through a writ of audita querela. It is well settled that "a defendant's knowing and voluntary waiver of his right to appeal a sentence within an agreed upon guideline range is enforceable." United States v. Moore, 306 Fed.Appx. 628, 629 (2d Cir. 2009) (citations omitted). Such a waiver applies both to petitions for habeas relief pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255, see, e.g., Lisnoff v. United States, No. 05-CV-1209 (NGG), 2006 WL 1367413, at *2-3 (E.D.N.Y. May 18, 2006), and to petitions for a writ of audita querela, see, e.g., Mata-Soto v. United States, 558 Fed. Appx. 844, 848 & n. 3 (10th Cir.2014) ("[T]he fact that [the defendant] initiated [claims falling within the scope of a knowing and voluntary appellate waiver] by the filing of a petition seeking a writ of audita querela or coram nobis does not relieve him from the effect of his appellate waiver.");
Second, the Court concludes that the writ of audita querela is unavailable because judicial remedies did exist for Bastien to challenge the conviction and sentence, such as a petition brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. See, e.g., Pipola v. United States, 430 Fed.Appx. 31, 32 (2d Cir.2011) ("Here, the writ of audita querela is not an available remedy, because, as a federal prisoner challenging the legality of his conviction, the relief Pipola seeks is covered by statute: 28 U.S.C. § 2255(a). This conclusion is not undermined by the fact that any Section 2255 motion filed by Pipola must satisfy the threshold requirements applicable to successive Section 2255 motions....") (citations omitted); Brown v. United States, No. 11 CV 3580(RJD), 2011 WL 4543060, at *1 (E.D.N.Y. Sept. 23, 2011) ("The writ of audita querela ... [was] improperly invoked in this case. Because petitioner is challenging the validity of a federal conviction, the proper vehicle is the federal habeas statute, 28 U.S.C. § 2255."). Bastien failed to seek § 2255 relief within the one year statute of limitations provided by 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f)(1). He also has not argued that § 2255 is an inadequate or ineffective remedy. In fact, "§ 2255 is not inadequate or ineffective merely because it is barred by the statute of limitations" or because a defendant knowingly and voluntarily waived her § 2255 rights. Mata-Soto, 558 F. App'x at 848 n. 3 (citing Sines v. Wilner, 609 F.3d 1070, 1073-74 (10th Cir.2010)); see also United States v. Valdez-Pacheco, 237 F.3d 1077, 1080 (9th Cir. 2001) ("A prisoner may not circumvent valid congressional limitations on collateral attacks by asserting that those very limitations create a gap in the postconviction remedies that must be filled by the common law writs."); Cummings v. United
Accordingly, the Court denies the petition for a writ of audita querela, because it is procedurally barred.
In any event, Bastien's arguments in his various submissions, even if considered by the Court, are meritless.
Bastien has not pointed to anything that "has occurred subsequent to the conviction that remotely creates a legal objection to the conviction." LaPlante, 57 F.3d at 253. He complains that the Court failed to order a competency hearing before sentencing, that he was not treated properly while incarcerated, and that his counsel was ineffective. First, based upon the record and the Court's observations throughout the proceedings, there is no basis to conclude that Bastien was incompetent at any point in the criminal case. Similarly, there is no basis to conclude that counsel's failure to request a competency hearing was "objectively unreasonable." Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 687, 104 S.Ct. 2052, 80 L.Ed.2d 674 (1984). Bastien also cites to no authority (and the Court could not find any) holding that conditions of incarceration — some of which Bastien raised before sentencing — warrant the reversal of an otherwise valid conviction. In any event, the Court concludes that his conditions of confinement do not warrant relief under the writ of audita querela.
The Court now turns to Bastien's motion for early termination of supervised release. As set forth below, the Court concludes that Bastien's circumstances fall short of being "so unusual as to merit early termination." United States v. McKay, 352 F.Supp.2d 359, 361 (E.D.N.Y.2005).
Section 3583(e) provides that a court may, after considering the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a), "terminate a term of supervised release and discharge the defendant released at any time after the expiration of one year of supervised release ... if it is satisfied that such action is warranted by the conduct of the defendant released and in the interest of
Early termination, however, "is not warranted as a matter of course." United States v. Fenza, No. CR 03-0921(ADS), 2013 WL 3990914, at *2 (E.D.N.Y. Aug. 2, 2013). "Full compliance with the terms of supervised release is what is expected of a person under the magnifying glass of supervised release and does not warrant early termination." Id. Instead, as the Second Circuit has explained:
Lussier, 104 F.3d at 36.
Bastien advances the following reasons in support of his application for early termination of supervised release: (1) he has shown exemplary post-conviction adjustment and conduct in his supervision responsibilities, including compliance with the Court's express terms of supervision and the requirements of the Probation Department; (2) he has volunteered with a non-profit organization that provides free information or literature regarding programs available to the public, although he has been unable to work steadily due to mental health treatment; (3) he lacks any history of violence, did not have an aggravated role in the offense of conviction, and has not had any negative incidents during his time on supervised release or while imprisoned; (4) he has made good faith efforts to comply with the Court's restitution order; (5) he has continued to receive physical therapy treatment for previous injuries, and also is receiving mental
After considering the statutory factors and defendant's proffered reasons, the Court concludes that early termination of Bastien's supervised release is unwarranted. The Court acknowledges that defendant's pre-and post-release conduct apparently is unblemished, and his efforts to seek medical treatment and educational and work opportunities are laudable. These actions, however, are expected of a person on supervised release, and are "not so unusual as to merit early termination." McKay, 352 F.Supp.2d at 361. Other cases have not found that this type of behavior warrants early termination. See, e.g., Fenza, 2013 WL 3990914, at *1-2 (denying early termination of supervised release where defendant, among other things, had completed two of three years of supervised release without issue, returned to live with family in his childhood neighborhood and house, regained operational management of his car service company and developed it despite recession, and cared for his wife and grandchildren); McKay, 352 F.Supp.2d at 360-61 (denying early termination of supervised release where defendant had flawless record during incarceration and fourteen months of three-year period of supervised release, had health issues, was active member of community, took responsibility for crimes when he pled guilty, had never use drugs or abused alcohol, had been meeting his restitution obligation, and argued that termination would assist in efforts and ability to spend time with and care for family). Moreover, given the serious nature of defendant's underlying criminal conduct, the Court concludes that supervised release continues to be necessary to ensure that he does not return to any criminal activity. In sum, having considered all of the statutory factors under the particular circumstances of this case, Bastien's post-release conduct does not persuade this Court that early termination is "warranted by the conduct of the defendant." 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(1)(A).
Nor would early termination be in the interest of justice. Bastien has not shown that remaining on supervised release will threaten his opportunities to advance or endanger any employment he may have. See United States v. Etheridge, 999 F.Supp.2d 192, 198 (D.D.C.2013) (detailing threat to defendant's employment if he would not be allowed to travel abroad). There also is reason to believe that Bastien would benefit from continued supervision, and he still must provide restitution to victims. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 3553(a)(2)(D), 3553(a)(7). Neither defendant's desire to visit his extended family in Haiti, see United States v. Lai, 458 F.Supp.2d 177, 177 (S.D.N.Y.2006) (denying early termination where petitioner wanted to return to family in Taiwan), nor his desire to not be an economic burden on the government justify a finding that early termination would be "in the interest of justice," 18 U.S.C. § 3583(a)(1)(A).
For the foregoing reasons, the Court denies defendant's petition for a writ of audita querela and his motion for early termination of supervised release in their entirety. Bastien's supplemental motion, pursuant to § 2255, also is denied.
The Court certifies pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(3) that any appeal from this Memorandum and Order would not be taken in good faith and, therefore, in forma pauperis status is denied for purpose of an appeal. See Coppedge v. United States, 369 U.S. 438, 444-45, 82 S.Ct. 917, 8 L.Ed.2d 21 (1962). With respect to case No. 13-CV-355, the Clerk of the Court shall enter judgment accordingly and close the case.
SO ORDERED.
Monograph 109, Supervision of Federal Offenders § 380.10(b)(1)-(9); see, e.g., United States v. Etheridge, 999 F.Supp.2d 192, 195 (D.D.C.2013).
