SANDRA J. FEUERSTEIN, District Judge.
On April 30, 2012, defendant Ramel Williams ("defendant")
Pursuant to the United States Sentencing Guidelines Manual (the "Guidelines") effective at the time of defendant's sentencing, defendant's base offense level was thirty (30). See United States Sentencing Guidelines ("U.S.S.G.") § 2D1.1(c)(5). Three (3) levels were reduced based on defendant's acceptance of responsibility pursuant to U.S.S.G. §§ 3E1.1(a) and (b). Defendant was assigned a total offense level of twenty-seven (27) and a criminal history level of I, which placed him in the then-applicable advisory Guidelines range of seventy (70) to eighty-seven (87) months of imprisonment followed by four (4) years of supervised release. Defendant's count of conviction also carries a mandatory minimum sentence of five (5) years, or sixty (60) months.
Upon consideration of, inter alia, all applicable factors under 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) (the "§ 3553 factors"), and the Government's recommendation, I sentenced defendant to a term of imprisonment of seventy (70) months, to be followed by a period of supervised release for four (4) years.
Defendant now moves pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) to reduce his sentence to the mandatory minimum term of imprisonment of sixty (60) months. The government does not dispute that defendant is eligible for a limited sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2), but argues that a reduction of defendant's sentence is unwarranted.
18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) provides, in relevant part:
The Supreme Court has held that "[b]y its terms, § 3582(c)(2) does not authorize a sentencing or resentencing proceeding. Instead, it provides for the `modif[ication of] a term of imprisonment' by giving courts the power to `reduce' an otherwise final sentence in circumstances specified by the [Sentencing] Commission." Dillon v. United States, 560 U.S. 817, 130 S.Ct. 2683, 2690, 177 L. Ed. 2d 271 (2010); see also United States v. Johnson, 732 F.3d 109, 116 (2d Cir. 2013) (holding that a Section 3582(c)(2) proceeding is "neither a sentencing nor a resentencing.") Since Section 3582(c)(2) authorizes "only a limited adjustment to an otherwise final sentence and not a plenary resentencing proceeding," Dillon, 560 U.S. 817, 130 S. Ct. at 1391, the sentencing court is not "free to address . . . arguments regarding [other] errors at [the defendant's] original, now-final sentencing." United States v. Mock, 612 F.3d 133, 134-35 (2d Cir. 2010).
"The Supreme Court has set forth a `two-step inquiry' for resolving motions pursuant to § 3582(c)(2) for a sentence reduction." United States v. Christie, 736 F.3d 191, 194 (2d Cir. 2013) (citing Dillon, 560 U.S. 817, 130 S. Ct. at 2683); accord United States v. Bethea, 735 F.3d 86, 87 (2d Cir. 2013). First, the sentencing court must "determine that a reduction is consistent with § 1B1.10 . . . by determin[ing] the prisoner's eligibility for a sentence modification and the extent of the reduction authorized." Dillon, 560 U.S. 817, 130 S. Ct. at 2691. "Specifically, § 1B1.10 requires the court to begin by `determin[ing] the amended guideline range that would have been applicable to the defendant' had the relevant amendment been in effect at the time of the initial sentencing." Id.
At the second step of the Dillon inquiry, applicable only if the defendant is found eligible for a reduction in sentence pursuant to Section 3582(c)(2), the Court must "consider any applicable § 3553(a) factors and determine whether, in its discretion, the reduction authorized by reference to the policies relevant at step one is warranted in whole or in part under the particular circumstances of the case." Dillon, 560 U.S. 817, 130 S. Ct. at 2692. The policy statement in Section 1B1.10 "remains in play at th[e] [second] step as well." Mock, 612 F.3d at 137. Moreover, in considering whether, and to what extent, a reduction in the defendant's term of imprisonment is warranted, the Court must consider "the nature and seriousness of the danger to any person or the community that may be posed by a reduction in the defendant's term of imprisonment," U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10, App. Note 1(B)(ii), and may also consider his or her conduct while in prison that occurred after sentencing. See United States v. Figueroa, 714 F.3d 757, 761 (2d Cir. 2013) (citing U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10, App. Note 1(B)(iii) ("The court may consider postsentencing conduct of the defendant that occurred after imposition of the term of imprisonment in determining . . . whether a reduction in the defendant's term of imprisonment is warranted. . . .")); United States v. Wilson, 716 F.3d 50, 53 (2d Cir. 2013) (accord). Thus, "even where a defendant is permitted to seek a reduction, the district judge may conclude that a reduction would be inappropriate." Freeman v. United States, 131 S.Ct. 2685, 2694, 180 L. Ed. 2d 519 (2011).
As relevant here, Amendment 782 to the Guidelines, effective November 1, 2014, modified § 2D1.1(c) of the Guidelines by reducing the offense levels in the Drug Quantity Table by two (2) levels and, thereby, lowering the advisory Guidelines sentencing range for certain categories of drug-related offenses. Amendment 788 of the Guidelines, also effective November 1, 2014, authorized retroactive application of Amendment 782 to individuals sentenced before its effective date, such as defendant, provided that no incarcerated defendant would be released prior to November 1, 2015. See United States v. Vargas, 74 F.Supp.3d 601, 602 (S.D.N.Y. 2015). Pursuant to Amendment 788, subsection (e) was added to § 1B1.10(e) of the Guidelines, which provides that "[t]he Court shall not order a reduced term of imprisonment based on Amendment 782 unless the effective date of the court's order is November 1, 2015, or later."
However, "[a] retroactive amendment to the Guidelines merely authorizes a reduction in sentence; it does not require one." Wilson, 716 F.3d at 52 (quotations and citation omitted); see also United States v. Rios, 765 F.3d 133, 137 (2d Cir. 2014), cert. denied by Bautista v. United States, ___ S. Ct. ____, 2015 WL 2256183 (Oct. 5, 2015) (reviewing the district court's denial of a motion to reduce the defendant's sentence under § 3582(c)(2) for abuse of discretion). Moreover, a court's discretion to reduce a sentence under Section 3582(c)(2) is limited by the Sentencing Commission's binding policy statement as set forth in § 1B1.10 of the Guidelines. See Freeman, 131 S. Ct. at 2693 ("The binding policy statement governing § 3582(c)(2) motions places considerable limits on district court discretion.") Section 1B1.10 of the Guidelines provides, in relevant part:
Thus, pursuant to the Sentencing Commission's policy statement, "[a]ll Guidelines decisions from the original sentencing remain in place, save the sentencing range that was altered by retroactive amendment. Freeman, 131 S. Ct. at 2693 (citing U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(b)(1)).
Under Amendment 782, defendant's base offense level is eligible for a reduction from thirty (30) to twenty-eight (28). Applying the three (3)-level reduction for defendant's acceptance of responsibility that was applied at sentencing reduces defendant's total offense level from twenty-seven (27) to twenty-five (25). As defendant's criminal history placed him in Criminal History Category I, the amended Guidelines range that would have been applicable to defendant had Amendment 782 been in effect at the time of his sentencing is a term of imprisonment between fifty-seven (57) to seventy-one (71) months. The mandatory minimum term of imprisonment for defendant's count of conviction remains sixty (60) months. Accordingly, defendant is eligible for a sentence reduction under 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) and, pursuant to the policy statement, his sentence may be reduced from seventy (70) to sixty (60) months. See U.S.S.G. § 1B1.10(b)(2)(A).
The Government correctly notes, inter alia, that defendant's original sentence falls within the amended Guidelines range; I considered the applicable § 3553(a) factors at the time of defendant's sentencing and determined that a sentence of seventy (70) months in prison was appropriate; and those § 3553(a) factors, specifically the need to reflect the seriousness of the offense, to promote respect for the law, to provide just punishment for the offense, to afford adequate deterrence, and to protect the public from further crimes of the defendant, have not changed.
Upon: (1) review of the presentence report ("PSR"), the addendum to the PSR, the objections to the PSR, and the parties' submissions on this motion; (2) reconsideration of the Section 3553(a) factors, particularly, inter alia: (a) the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of the defendant; and (b) the need for the sentence imposed to afford adequate deterrence to criminal conduct, to promote respect for the law and to protect the public from further crimes of the defendant; and (3) consideration of the nature and seriousness of the danger that may be posed by a reduction in defendant's term of imprisonment and his disciplinary history while incarcerated,
For the reasons set forth above, defendant's motion to reduce his sentence pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 3582(c)(2) is denied.