MAE A. D'AGOSTINO, District Judge.
On May 7, 2013, Jose Quezada ("Plaintiff"), an inmate in the custody of the New York State Department of Corrections and Community Supervision ("DOCCS"), commenced this action pro se in the Southern District of New York. See Dkt. No. 3. The case was transferred to the Northern District of New York on July 29, 2013. See Dkt. No. 18. In his Initial Complaint, Plaintiff named thirty-seven defendants. See Dkt. No. 3.
On March 31, 2014, this Court issued a Decision and Order severing and transferring the claims against twenty Defendants, relating to events that are alleged to have occurred while Plaintiff was confined at Green Haven Correctional Facility, back to the Southern District of New York. See Dkt. No. 38. The claims remaining in the Northern District are asserted against Brian Fischer, Karen Bellamy, Richard Roy, Eric Gutwein, Donnie C. Riley, Daniel R. King, S. Brown, John Cross, J. Monacelli, Rosanna Lordi, William Chase, Ronald Larocque, Andrew Bouchey, Andrew Streeter, T. Brousseau, R. Lee, and S. Beaudette. See id. at 14.
Plaintiff has asserted claims for the violation of his First, Fifth, Eighth, and Fourteenth Amendment rights under 42 U.S.C. § 1983, and for violations of Title II of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
In their Memorandum of Law, Defendants have identified Plaintiff's claims, and which of those they seek to have dismissed by means of the present motion. See Dkt. No. 116-1 at 5-7. Each claim arises out of events that are alleged to have transpired while Plaintiff was incarcerated at either Shawangunk Correctional Facility ("Shawangunk C.F."), Upstate Correctional Facility ("Upstate C.F."), or Clinton Correctional Facility ("Clinton C.F."); or while Plaintiff was in transit from Upstate C.F. to Clinton C.F. See id.
In a February 16, 2016 Order and Report-Recommendation, Magistrate Judge Thérèse Wiley Dancks recommended that Defendants' motion be granted in part and denied in part. See Dkt. No. 140 at 2. Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss all of Plaintiff's § 1983 claims asserted against Defendants in their official capacities because such claims are barred by the Eleventh Amendment. See Davies v. New York, 316 F.3d 93, 101 (2d Cir. 2002) (holding that claims for damages advanced against DOCCS employees in their official capacities are claims against the State of New York) (citing Kentucky v. Graham, 473 U.S. 159, 167-68 (1985)). With respect to Defendant Gutwein, Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court deny Defendants' motion to dismiss the due process claims against him on collateral estoppel grounds. See Dkt. No. 140 at 15. Magistrate Judge Dancks found that the Appellate Division opinion relied upon by Defendants
Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss Plaintiff's retaliation claim against Defendant Gutwein with respect to his role as hearing officer at Plaintiff's May 25, 2011 disciplinary hearing without prejudice. See id. at 16-17. The recommendation found that there were no factual allegations plausibly showing that Defendant Gutwein's allegedly wrongful actions were causally related to specific protected activity.
Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court deny Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment harassment claims against Defendants Monacelli and Larocque. See id. at 19. She found the alleged harassment and threats actionable under § 1983 because they were directly related to the alleged assault on Plaintiff.
As to Defendant Chase, Magistrate Judge Dancks also recommended denying Defendants' motion with respect to Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment harassment claims. See id. at 20. A prisoner can state a claim under the Eighth Amendment against a corrections officer who spreads malicious rumors about him if they "incited other inmates to assault [the plaintiff] . . ., thereby placing him at grave risk of physical harm." Bouknight v. Shaw, No. 08 Civ. 5187, 2009 WL 969932, *4 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 6, 2009) (quoting Young v. Coughlin, 93 Civ. 262, 1998 WL 32518, *7 (S.D.N.Y. Jan. 29, 1998)). Magistrate Judge Dancks found that Defendant Chase's instigation and encouragement to physically assault Plaintiff, coupled with the alleged occurrence of the ensuing beating on him, was sufficient to state an Eighth Amendment harassment claim under § 1983. See Dkt. No. 140 at 20.
Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended denying Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment harassment claim against Defendant Riley because his alleged threat closely preceded the alleged assault on Plaintiff. See id. at 21. She recommended that the Court consider this claim in conjunction with Plaintiff's failure to intervene claim against Defendant Riley, which was not included in the present motion. See id.
With respect to Defendant Lordi, Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court deny Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment medical indifference claim. See id. at 24. Magistrate Judge Dancks found that Plaintiff's alleged injuries and ailments resulting from the confrontation with Defendants Monacelli and Larocque were sufficient to plausibly allege that he had a serious medical condition for the purposes of the present motion.
Next, Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court grant Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's conspiracy claim against Defendant Lordi without prejudice. See id. at 26. She found that the intracorporate conspiracy doctrine applies,
Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court deny Defendants' motion to dismiss Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment harassment claims against Defendants Streeter, Bouchey, and King because Plaintiff has plausibly alleged that the harassment was accompanied by injuries sustained as a result of an assault by those Defendants.
Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss with prejudice Plaintiff's claims that Defendant Brousseau violated DOCCS grievance procedures by failing to respond to his complaints, see id. at 31, because inmates do not have a constitutional right to state grievance programs. See Shell v. Brzeniak, 365 F.Supp.2d 362, 370 (W.D.N.Y. 2005) ("[I]nmate grievance programs created by state law are not required by the Constitution and consequently allegations that prison officials violated those procedures does [sic] not give rise to a cognizable § 1983 claim.").
As to Defendant Beaudette, Magistrate Judge Dancks construed Plaintiff's contention that Beaudette destroyed Plaintiff's property in retaliation for filling grievances as a claim under both the First and Fourteenth Amendments. See Dkt. No. 140 at 35. Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss the Fourteenth Amendment claim with prejudice because she found that in this context, due process requires only a post-deprivation remedy, see DiBlasio v. Novello, 344 F.3d 292, 302 (2d Cir. 2003), and that New York provides such remedy in the Court of Claims, see Davies v. New York, 311 Fed. Appx. 397, 400 (2d Cir. 2009). See Dkt. No. 140 at 35.
As to Plaintiffs First Amendment retaliation claim, Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss the claim without prejudice. See id. at 38. First, the recommendation found that Plaintiff failed to identify the grievances against which Beaudette was allegedly retaliating.
The recommendation found that Plaintiff has alleged four distinct supervisory liability claims against Defendant Fischer, all of which Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss with prejudice. See id. at 40-43. First, Magistrate Judge Dancks found that Plaintiff's Fourteenth Amendment due process claim against him should be dismissed because Plaintiff failed to plausibly allege Fischer's personal involvement in the affirmance of Gutwein's guilty determination.
Defendants have also identified a supervisory liability claim against Defendant Roy, Inspector General, for failure to respond to Plaintiff's letters informing him of Defendant Brousseau's alleged violation of DOCCS grievance procedures. See Dkt. No. 116-1 at 6; Dkt. No. 111 at 72; Dkt. No. 140 at 44-45. Magistrate Judge Dancks found that, because there is no constitutional right to the state grievance program, Defendant Brousseau's alleged misconduct
Lastly, Magistrate Judge Dancks recommended that the Court dismiss Plaintiff's claims against Defendant Cross for violation of Title II of the ADA and the RA in his individual capacity with prejudice, because neither Act provides for individual capacity suits against state officials.
Magistrate Judge Dancks further found that Plaintiff has stated a claim for money damages under Title II of the ADA and the RA against Defendant Cross in his official capacity. See id. at 54. She found that, for purposes of the present motion, Plaintiff has plausibly alleged a Fourteenth Amendment violation because Defendant Cross has not sought dismissal of Plaintiff's Eighth Amendment claim arising out of being forced to sit on the shower floor to put on his knee brace.
Currently before the Court is Magistrate Judge Dancks' Order and Report-Recommendation. Neither party has filed an objection. Also before the Court is Plaintiff's renewed request for appointment of counsel. See Dkt. No. 141.
A motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure tests the legal sufficiency of the party's claim for relief. See Patane v. Clark, 508 F.3d 106, 111-12 (2d Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). In considering the legal sufficiency, a court must accept as true all well-pleaded facts in the pleading and draw all reasonable inferences in the pleader's favor. See ATSI Commc'ns, Inc. v. Shaar Fund, Ltd., 493 F.3d 87, 98 (2d Cir. 2007) (citation omitted). This presumption of truth, however, does not extend to legal conclusions. See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678 (2009) (citation omitted). Although a court's review of a motion to dismiss is generally limited to the facts presented in the pleading, the court may consider documents that are "integral" to that pleading, even if they are neither physically attached to, nor incorporated by reference into, the pleading. See Mangiafico v. Blumenthal, 471 F.3d 391, 398 (2d Cir. 2006) (quoting Chambers v. Time Warner, Inc., 282 F.3d 147, 152-53 (2d Cir. 2002)).
To survive a motion to dismiss, a party need only plead "a short and plain statement of the claim," see Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2), with sufficient factual "heft to `sho[w] that the pleader is entitled to relief[,]'" Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 557 (2007) (quotation omitted). Under this standard, the pleading's "[f]actual allegations must be enough to raise a right of relief above the speculative level," see id. at 555 (citation omitted), and present claims that are "plausible on [their] face," id. at 570. "The plausibility standard is not akin to a `probability requirement,' but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a defendant has acted unlawfully." Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678 (citation omitted). "Where a complaint pleads facts that are `merely consistent with' a defendant's liability, it `stops short of the line between possibility and plausibility of "entitlement to relief."'" Id. (quoting [Twombly, 550 U.S.] at 557, 127 S.Ct. 1955). Ultimately, "when the allegations in a complaint, however true, could not raise a claim of entitlement to relief," Twombly, 550 U.S. at 558, or where a plaintiff has "not nudged [its] claims across the line from conceivable to plausible, the[ ] complaint must be dismissed[,]" id. at 570.
"[I]n a pro se case, the court must view the submissions by a more lenient standard than that accorded to `formal pleadings drafted by lawyers.'" Govan v. Campbell, 289 F.Supp.2d 289, 295 (N.D.N.Y. 2007) (quoting Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 520, 92 S.Ct. 594, 30 L. Ed. 2d 652 (1972)) (other citations omitted). The Second Circuit has opined that the court is obligated to "make reasonable allowances to protect pro se litigants" from inadvertently forfeiting legal rights merely because they lack a legal education. Govan v. Campbell, 289 F.Supp.2d 289, 295 (N.D.N.Y. 2007) (quoting Traguth v. Zuck, 710 F.2d 90, 95 (2d Cir. 1983)).
When a party files specific objections to a magistrate judge's report-recommendation, the district court makes a "de novo determination of those portions of the report or specified proposed findings or recommendations to which objection is made." 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). However, when a party files "[g]eneral or conclusory objections or objections which merely recite the same arguments [that he presented] to the magistrate judge," the court reviews those recommendations for clear error. O'Diah v. Mawhir, No. 9:08-CV-322, 2011 WL 933846, *1 (N.D.N.Y. Mar. 16, 2011) (citations and footnote omitted). After the appropriate review, "the court may accept, reject, or modify, in whole or in part, the findings or recommendations made by the magistrate judge." 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1).
A litigant's failure to file objections to a magistrate judge's report and recommendation, even when that litigant is proceeding pro se, waives any challenge to the report on appeal. See Cephas v. Nash, 328 F.3d 98, 107 (2d Cir. 2003) (holding that, "[a]s a rule, a party's failure to object to any purported error or omission in a magistrate judge's report waives further judicial review of the point" (citation omitted)). A pro se litigant must be given notice of this rule; notice is sufficient if it informs the litigant that the failure to timely object will result in the waiver of further judicial review and cites pertinent statutory and civil rules authority. See Frank v. Johnson, 968 F.2d 298, 299 (2d Cir. 1992); Small v. Sec'y of Health and Human Servs., 892 F.2d 15, 16 (2d Cir. 1989) (holding that a pro se party's failure to object to a report and recommendation does not waive his right to appellate review unless the report explicitly states that failure to object will preclude appellate review and specifically cites 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1) and Rules 72, 6(a), and former 6(e) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure).
Having carefully reviewed the February 16, 2016 Order and Report-Recommendation, the record before the Court, and the relevant case law, the Court finds that Magistrate Judge Dancks correctly recommended that Defendants' motion should be granted in part and denied in part.
Further, the Court notes that there still remain a significant number of claims that have not been addressed by the present motion. See Dkt. No. 140 at 55. The Court declines to engage in a sua sponte review of these claims.
As to Plaintiff's application for the appointment of counsel, the motion is denied. Plaintiff is a frequent litigator in the courts of New York and has demonstrated that he is capable of presenting his case. See Terminate Control Corp. v. Horowitz, 28 F.3d 1335, 1341 (2d Cir. 1994). This case does not involve complex legal issues and nothing indicates that Plaintiff is unable to investigate the facts alleged. See id. Finally, Plaintiff has not identified any special reason why the appointment of counsel at this stage would be more likely to lead to a just determination. See id. Accordingly, Plaintiff's motion to appoint counsel is denied without prejudice. If this case survives summary judgment, the Court will likely appoint trial counsel.
Accordingly, the Court hereby