FREDERICK J. SCULLIN, Jr., Senior District Judge.
Plaintiff Paul Panella brought this action pursuant to the Social Security Act, 42 U.S.C. §§ 405(g) ("Act"), seeking judicial review of a final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security (the "Commissioner"), denying his application for benefits. See generally Dkt. Nos. 1, 12. Currently before the Court are the parties' cross-motions for judgment on the pleadings under Rule 12(c) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. See Dkt. Nos. 12, 14.
Plaintiff filed an application for a period of disability and disability insurance benefits ("DIB") on May 7, 2010, alleging disability beginning on January 15, 2009. See Administrative Record ("AR") at 143-49. The Commissioner denied Plaintiff's application on July 6, 2010. See id. at 86-89. Plaintiff timely filed a written request for a hearing, which was held before Administrative Law Judge F. Patrick Flanagan ("ALJ"). See id. at 24, 91-93 . Attorney Peter Gorton represented Plaintiff at the hearing. See id. at 24. After the hearing, the ALJ supplemented the record with interrogatory responses from non-examining medical expert, Dr. Plotz. See id. at 453-61. Plaintiff then requested, and appeared at, a supplemental hearing on November 17, 2011, where Plaintiff's attorney cross-examined Dr. Plotz. See id. at 49-83.
On January 18, 2012, the ALJ issued a written decision in which he made the following findings "[a]fter careful consideration of all the evidence. . . ."
See AR at 10-16 (citations omitted).
The ALJ's decision became the Commissioner's final decision on June 26, 2013, when the Appeals Council of the Social Security Administration denied Plaintiff's request for review. See AR at 1-4. Plaintiff then commenced this action on July 23, 2013, filing a supporting brief on March 17, 2014. See Dkt Nos. 1, 12. Defendant filed a response brief on May 1, 2014. See Dkt. No. 14.
In support of his motion, Plaintiff advances the following arguments. First, Plaintiff argues that there was not substantial evidence to support the ALJ's finding that his impairments did not meet or medically equal the criteria listed in 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1, § 14.08(H). Second, Plaintiff further argues that the ALJ erroneously failed to address certain testimony of lay third parties and that he improperly weighed medical source opinions and Plaintiff's credibility. As a result of these legal errors, Plaintiff argues, there was not substantial evidence to support the ALJ's finding with respect to his residual functional capacity ("RFC"). See generally Dkt. No. 12, Pl.'s Br.
Absent legal error, a court will uphold the Commissioner's final determination if there is substantial evidence to support it. See 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). The Supreme Court has defined substantial evidence to mean "`more than a mere scintilla'" of evidence and "`such relevant evidence as a reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion.'" Richardson v. Perales, 402 U.S. 389, 401 (1971) (quotation omitted). Accordingly, a reviewing court "`may not substitute [its] own judgment for that of the [Commissioner], even if [it] might justifiably have reached a different result upon a de novo review.'" Cohen v. Comm'r of Soc. Sec., ___ F. App'x ___, 2016 WL 1055351, *1 (2d Cir. Mar. 17, 2016) (quoting Valente v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 733 F.2d 1037, 1041 (2d Cir. 1984)).
To be eligible for benefits, a claimant must show that he suffers from a disability within the meaning of the Act. The Act defines "disability" as an inability to engage in substantial gainful activity ("SGA") by reason of a medically determinable physical or mental impairment that can be expected to cause death or last for twelve consecutive months. See 42 U.S.C. § 1382c(a)(3)(A). To determine if a claimant has sustained a disability within the meaning of the Act, the ALJ follows a five-step process:
For this test, the burden of proof is on the claimant for the first four steps and on the Commissioner for the fifth step, if the analysis proceeds that far. See Balsamo v. Chater, 142 F.3d 75, 80 (2d Cir. 1998) (quotation omitted).
Between steps three and four of the disability analysis, the ALJ must determine the claimant's residual functioning capacity ("RFC"), which is defined as "the most you can still do [in a work setting] despite your limitations." 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(1); see also 20 C.F.R. § 416.920(e). The RFC analysis considers "all of your medically determinable impairments of which we are aware," even if they are not severe. 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(2). The ALJ is to consider "all of the relevant medical and other evidence" in assessing RFC. 20 C.F.R. § 416.945(a)(3).
Listing 14.08 describes human immunodeficiency virus ("HIV"). In order to meet this listing, a claimant must show "documentation as described in [Listing] 14.00F and one of the following. . . ." Listing 14.08. In this case, there is no dispute that Plaintiff produced sufficient documentation to establish his HIV infection. Thus, Plaintiff argues that he meets Listing 14.08(H), which requires a claimant to prove that he has
Listing 14.08(H). "For purposes of [Listing] 14.08H, an involuntary weight loss of at least 10 percent of baseline is always considered `significant.' Loss of less than 10 percent may or may not be significant, depending on the individual's baseline weight and body habitus." Listing 14.00(F)(5). It is the claimant's burden to show that his impairment or combination of impairments meets "`all of the specified medical criteria'" in the Listing. Lamond v. Astrue, 440 F. App'x 17, 20 (2d Cir. 2011) (quoting Sullivan v. Zebly, 493 U.S. 521, 530, 110 S.Ct. 885, 107 L. Ed. 2d 967 (1990) (emphasis in original)); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1525(c)(3).
In this case, the ALJ found that "[t]he clinical and laboratory studies do not approach any of the requisite levels of any of the Listing of Impairments." See AR at 13. Although Plaintiff argues that this amounts to a "wholly conclusory," and therefore erroneous, determination, the record supports the ALJ's finding. Plaintiff's medical records show that he did lose approximately 10 percent of his body weight from 2004 to 2010, dropping from a high of 160 pounds on December 2, 2004, to a low of 142 pounds on April 22, 2010. See AR at 286, 489. Additionally, however, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff gained weight after he stopped drinking— from 142 pounds on April 22, 2010, to 150 pounds on April 11, 2011, to 155 pounds on August 11, 2011. See id. at 14 (citing AR at 286, 466, 475).
Although Plaintiff arguably met the weight-loss criterion of Listing 14.08(H), the Court is satisfied, after reviewing the record, that Plaintiff did not meet either one of the subsections that is further required in order to meet Listing 14.08(H). Plaintiff reported in November of 2011 that he had diarrhea "nonstop on a daily basis" for "the last couple of months." See AR at 266. However, as the ALJ noted, no medical source documented diarrhea to the extent described in the listing. Furthermore, because the Court finds that the ALJ properly found Plaintiff's subjective statements regarding his symptoms to be less than fully credible, see infra Part. III.D., the Court finds Plaintiff's reliance on his self-report in support of this argument to be unpersuasive.
Additionally, although the evidence arguably supports a finding that Plaintiff suffered from chronic weakness as required by Listing 14.08(H), the record does not contain documentation of a fever greater than 380° C or 100.40° F lasting for the majority of 1 month or longer. For these reasons, the Court finds that Plaintiff failed to carry his burden to show that he met "`all of the specified medical criteria'" in the Listing. Lamond, 440 F. App'x at 20 (quotation omitted).
Thus, the Court finds that any error the ALJ made by failing to note Plaintiff's weight loss was harmless. See Karpova v. Snow, 497 F.3d 262, 269 (2d Cir. 2007) (stating that remand is required "`only where there is a significant chance that but for the error, the agency might have reached a different result'" (quotation omitted)). Accordingly, the Court finds that that substantial evidence supports the ALJ's finding with respect to step three of the disability analysis. See Brault v. Soc. Sec. Admin., Comm'r, 683 F.3d 443, 448 (2d Cir. 2012) (instructing that "`ALJ's failure to cite specific evidence does not indicate that such evidence was not considered'" (quotation omitted)).
During the disability analysis, the ALJ "will always consider the medical opinions" in the record together with other relevant evidence. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(b). Medical opinions are "statements from physicians and psychologists or other acceptable medical sources that reflect judgments" about a claimant's impairments and their effects. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(a)(2). Acceptable medical sources include licensed physicians, licensed or certified psychologists, licensed optometrists, licensed podiatrists, and qualified speech-language pathologists. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1513(a).
Generally, the ALJ will consider the following factors in deciding what weight to afford the opinion of an acceptable medical source: whether the source examined the claimant; how well the source explains his or her opinion with relevant evidence; how consistent the opinion is with the record as a whole; whether the source is a specialist in the area of his or her opinion; and other factors tending to support or contradict the opinion. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c)(1)-(6). These factors also apply where, as here, the ALJ asks for and considers an opinion from a medical expert with respect to whether the claimant's impairment or combination of impairments meets or medically equals a listed impairment. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(e)(2)(iii). Additionally, the opinions of non-examining sources may "override treating sources' opinions, provided they are supported by evidence in the record." Schisler v. Sullivan, 3 F.3d 563, 568 (2d Cir. 1993) (citations omitted).
The Commissioner has also instructed that an ALJ may use evidence from medical sources other than "acceptable medical sources," including nurse practitioners, to provide insight into the severity of impairments and their limiting effects. See Social Security Ruling ("SSR") 06-03p, 2006 WL 2329939, *2 (Aug. 9, 2006). Such opinions are "important and should be evaluated on key issues such as impairment severity and functional effects, along with the other relevant evidence in the file." Id. at *3. Nonetheless, "[t]he fact that a medical opinion is from an `acceptable medical source' is a factor that may justify giving that opinion greater weight than an opinion from a medical source who is not. . . ." Id. at *5.
In this case, Plaintiff principally argues that the ALJ erred in his weighing of the opinions of Dr. Plotz and Nurse Practicioner ("NP") Karp. In particular, Plaintiff argues that NP Karp's opinion was due more weight because she was his regular care provider, whereas, he argues, Dr. Plotz's opinion was due less weight because of his non-examining status. See Dkt. No. 12, Pl.'s Br., at 15-19. With respect to NP Karp, the ALJ afforded her opinion "very little weight," noting that she was not an acceptable medical source. See AR at 15. Instead, the ALJ afforded "much more weight" to Dr. Plotz's opinion. See id. In doing so, the ALJ noted that Dr. Plotz is a board certified internist. See id. Additionally, in affording greater weight to one opinion over the other, the ALJ noted that he considered the treatment notes, which suggests that he considered each opinion's consistency with the record as a whole. See id. Indeed, the ALJ noted that "there is no `acceptable source' opinion in the record to suggest disability." See id. Thus, the Court finds that the ALJ applied the appropriate legal standards in weighing these opinions. See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1527(c); SSR 06-03p, 2006 WL 2329939, at *5. For this reason, the Court declines to disturb the Commissioner's weighing of the conflicting evidence in this case. See Schaal v. Apfel, 134 F.3d 496, 504 (2d Cir. 1998).
"`It is the function of the [Commissioner], not [a reviewing court], to resolve evidentiary conflicts and to appraise the credibility of witnesses, including the claimant.'" Aponte v. Sec'y, Dep't of Health & Human Servs., 728 F.2d 588, 591 (2d Cir. 1984) (quotation omitted). When a claimant makes subjective allegations of symptoms limiting his ability to function, the regulations provide that
20 C.F.R. § 416.929(b); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.1529(b). Accordingly, the Social Security Administration has adopted a two-step standard for assessing a claimant's credibility. See Social Security Ruling ("SSR") 96-7p, 1996 WL 374186, *2 (July 2, 1996); Meadors v. Astrue, 370 F. App'x 179, 183 (2d Cir. 2010).
Meadors, 370 F. App'x at 183 (citations and footnote omitted).
In this case, the ALJ found that Plaintiff's medically determinable impairments could reasonably be expected to cause the alleged symptoms. See AR at 14. He then found that Plaintiff's statements concerning the intensity, persistence, and limiting effects of those symptoms were not fully credible. See id. He supported this finding by noting that Plaintiff was solely responsible for the care of his four-month-old granddaughter for 16 hours per day, an activity which can be "demanding both physically and emotionally." See id. In addition, the ALJ noted that Plaintiff received state unemployment benefits for 99 weeks and that he testified that he informed the unemployment board that he was ready, willing, and able to work when in fact he was not. See id. at 15. The ALJ further pointed to injuries from a motor bike accident in June 2011 as inconsistent with the extensive limitations about which Plaintiff testified. See id. Accordingly, the Court finds that the ALJ sufficiently analyzed Plaintiff's subjective allegations to the extent that they were not substantiated by objective medical evidence.
In summary, to the extent that Plaintiff points to evidence in the Administrative Record that reasonably might support a different conclusion in his favor, "whether there is substantial evidence supporting the appellant's view is not the question" on appeal. Bonet ex rel. T.B. v. Colvin, 523 F. App'x 58, 59 (2d Cir. 2013). Accordingly, the Court finds that the ALJ applied the appropriate legal standards with respect to opinion evidence and credibility and further that there is substantial evidence supporting his finding with respect to step three of the disability analysis and Plaintiff's RFC.
Having reviewed the entire record in this matter, the parties' submissions, and the applicable law, and for the above-stated reasons, the Court hereby
