WILLIAM H. PAULEY, III, District Judge:
Plaintiff Angelique Tocco brings this putative class action against Defendant Real Time Resolutions, Inc. ("Real Time") seeking statutory damages for violation of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act ("FDCPA"), 15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq. Real Time moves to dismiss the Complaint for failure to state a claim and for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. For the reasons that follow, Real Time's motion is denied.
Real Time is a debt collector. (Compl. ¶ 10.) On July 31, 2013, Real Time sent Tocco a form letter (the "July 31 Letter") notifying her that servicing of her mortgage had been transferred to Real Time. (Compl. ¶¶ 12, 14.) The document "purport[ed] to contain the disclosures required by 15 U.S.C. § 1692g," (Compl. ¶ 17,) but Tocco alleges it was deficient in that it (i) did not disclose the current owner of the debt and (ii) required Tocco to give notice of dispute within thirty days of the transfer date rather than thirty days of receipt of the July 31 Letter. (Compl. ¶¶ 17-18.) On October 1, 2013, Real Time sent a second letter (the "October 1 Letter") advising her of options to resolve her past due account. Tocco alleges this letter also failed to comply with section 1692g because it (i) did not disclose the amount of the debt, (ii) identify the creditor to whom the debt was owed, or (iii) inform Tocco of her right to dispute the debt. (Compl. ¶¶ 20-21.)
In February 2014, Tocco filed this action on behalf of herself and similarly situated New York residents, seeking statutory damages under the FDCPA. (Compl. at 7.) Tocco also filed a letter motion requesting a pre-motion conference in anticipation of moving for class certification. (See Letter Motion dated Feb. 21, 2014, ECF No. 4.)
To survive a motion to dismiss, "a complaint must contain sufficient factual matter,
15 U.S.C. § 1692g(a) requires that
Real Time argues that it was not obligated to send a validation notice under the FDCPA because neither the July 31 Letter nor the October 1 Letter was an "initial communication" regarding Tocco's debt. Previously, Tocco filed suit against Real Time's predecessor-in-interest, Solace Financial, over the same debt. See Tocco v. Solace Fin., No. 11 Civ. 3240(JSR), ECF No. 1, 2011 WL 1841788 (S.D.N.Y. May 12, 2011).
"Courts are split on whether § 1692g applies to initial communications from each successive debt collector." Janetos v. Fulton, Friedman & Gullace LLP, No. 12 Civ. 1473(TMD), 2013 WL 791325, at *4
"Because the FDCPA is `remedial in nature, its terms must be construed in liberal fashion if the underlying Congressional purpose is to be effectuated.'" Vincent v. The Money Store, 736 F.3d 88, 98 (2d Cir.2013). Reading the text broadly to effect the FDCPA's consumer-protective purpose, this Court holds that a debt collector must send a validation notice under section 1692g(a) even if a prior debt collector already sent a notice regarding the same debt. This interpretation is consistent with the recommendations of the Federal Trade Commission
Because section 1692g applies to each creditor, Real Time was required to send a validation notice within five days of its initial communication with Tocco.
Real Time argues that its July 31 Letter was not subject to the FDCPA because it was a required notice under a different statute, the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act ("RESPA"). The FDCPA applies to communications "in connection with the collection of any debt," 15 U.S.C. § 1692g(a), but Real Time contends its July 31 Letter was informational only. Although the letter identifies Real Time as a debt collector, provides FDCPA warnings, and proclaims itself "an attempt to collect on a debt," it does not explicitly demand payment. (See Compl. Ex. A, at 1-3.)
Several courts have embraced this distinction between informational letters and letters attempting to collect on a debt. In Hart v. FCI Lender Services, Inc., a debt collector's transfer-of-servicing letter was not subject to section 1692g, notwithstanding
This Court reads the statute differently from the Thompson and Hart courts. The fact that a letter may have been a required informational notice under a separate statute does not prevent it from being an initial communication "in connection with the collection of [a] debt" under the FDCPA. "In connection with" is synonymous with the phrases "related to," "associated with," and "with respect to." Empire HealthChoice Assur., Inc. v. McVeigh, 396 F.3d 136, 157 (2d Cir.2005). It is expansive. See Empire HealthChoice Assur., Inc., 396 F.3d at 157. It covers "communications that convey, directly or indirectly, any information relating to a debt." Foti v. NCO Financial Sys., 424 F.Supp.2d 643, 657 (S.D.N.Y.2006).
At oral argument, Real Time expressed concern that such a reading of the FDCPA would risk bringing every communication between debt collector and debtor within its sweep. But it is not burdensome for a debt collector contacting a debtor in "an attempt to collect on a debt" to, at least that first time, include the full set of section 1692 notices or follow up with them in five days. To do otherwise risks confusing the debtor.
And if the July 31 Letter were not an "initial communication" under section 1692g, the October 1 Letter, which invites Tocco to contact Real Time about her past due account, (see Compl. Ex. B, at 1), certainly would be. In either case, Tocco states a claim that Real Time failed to comply with the FDCPA.
Rule 68 permits a defendant to "serve on an opposing party an offer to allow judgment on specific terms." Fed. R.Civ.P. 68(a). When an offer of judgment exceeds the amount the plaintiff could recover, the plaintiff's claim is moot. Doyle v. Midland Credit Mgmt., Inc., 722 F.3d 78, 78 (2d Cir.2013). This rule has a complicated interaction with class actions. "[W]hen a court has already granted or denied class certification, mootness of the named plaintiff's personal claim does not
Here, Tocco requested permission to move for class certification before any Rule 68 offer was made. At a conference on May 23, 2014, this Court notified the parties that for purposes of this motion, it would treat Tocco's request as a motion for class certification. If a Rule 68 offer made before a plaintiff had a reasonable time to move for class certification could not moot a claim, then by extension a Rule 68 offer made after the plaintiff has moved for class certification should not do so.
Real Time asks this Court to follow Judge Forrest's recent decision in Franco v. Allied Interstate, LLC, which dismissed plaintiffs' claims notwithstanding a pending class certification motion. 2014 WL 1329168, at *5. Judge Forrest was persuaded that defendants' ability to "pick off" plaintiffs via Rule 68 offers was not a concern under the FDCPA. Franco, 2014 WL 1329168, at *5 ("[D]efendant here has offered to address plaintiff's harm and make plaintiff whole; other potential plaintiffs remain free to vindicate their rights in their own suits despite the mootness of plaintiff's individual claim." (internal quotation marks and citations omitted)). But timing is a key consideration in analyzing Rule 68 offers. See Franco, 2014 WL 1329168, at *3 (noting that courts have been more comfortable dismissing putative class actions as moot where a Rule 68 offer has been made and the plaintiff has not moved for class certification). The plaintiff in Franco only moved for class certification after a Rule 68 offer had been made. Franco, 2014 WL 1329168, at *1. Tocco's claim stands on a different footing.
For the above reasons, Tocco's claim is not moot, and Real Time's motion to dismiss is denied. The Clerk of Court is directed to terminate the motions pending at ECF Nos. 18 and 20.
SO ORDERED.