JOHN G. KOELTL, District Judge.
The petitioner, Mark Hotton, appearing
In November 2012, the petitioner was charged in an indictment with two counts of wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343. The charges were based on the petitioner's orchestration of two fraud schemes. The first scheme, charged in Count One of the indictment, involved the petitioner's defrauding the producers of the contemplated Broadway musical
Count Two of the indictment alleged that the petitioner promised the Real Estate Company's president, John DiMenna, that the petitioner would secure investors for the Real Estate Company's investment fund and assist the Real Estate Company in obtaining a $20,000,000 loan for one or more of its projects in exchange for upfront fees.
In July 2013, the petitioner pleaded guilty to both counts of the indictment. In the petitioner's plea agreement, he affirmed that he accepted the plea agreement "and decided to plead guilty because he is in fact guilty." Opp'n Ex. A at 4. The petitioner stipulated to a United States Sentencing Guidelines range of 33 to 41 months that was based on an agreed total loss amount of between $400,000 and $1,000,000.
During his plea allocution, the petitioner again affirmed that he was "plead[ing] guilty because [he was] in fact guilty." No. 12cr825, Dkt. No. 32 at 25. The petitioner admitted that "[s]ome of the fees and expenses that [he] received to raise money for . . . a Connecticut real estate company were paid as a result of false pretenses by me [the petitioner]," and that he knew that his actions were wrong and illegal at the time.
On October 10, 2014, the Court sentenced the petitioner principally to a term of thirty-four months' imprisonment on Counts One and Two to run concurrently. No. 12cr825, Dkt. No. 65 at 28. The Court also ordered that the petitioner pay $68,000 in restitution to the victims related to Count One.
About three years after sentencing, the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Connecticut announced unrelated charges against John DiMenna (the "DiMenna charges") for defrauding real estate investors and lenders. The petitioner contends that the DiMenna charges constitute new evidence relevant to the petitioner's own conviction and that this new evidence warrants relief.
The petitioner now moves under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 to vacate his guilty plea and sentence on Count Two — the charge related to the Real Estate Company — on the grounds that the Government was aware of the crimes that gave rise to the charges against DiMenna in Connecticut and withheld that information from the petitioner. He also brings an ineffective assistance of counsel claim, arguing that his counsel should have objected to the Court's considering the loss of over $400,000 suffered by DiMenna in calculating the petitioner's sentencing guideline range because DiMenna did not seek restitution for this loss.
To show that his sentence is invalid, under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 the petitioner must establish "that the sentence was imposed in violation of the Constitution or laws of the United States, or that the court was without jurisdiction to impose such sentence, or that the sentence was in excess of the maximum authorized by law, or is otherwise subject to collateral attack." To prevail on a § 2255 petition, a defendant must demonstrate "constitutional error . . . or an error of law or fact that constitutes `a fundamental defect which inherently results in a complete miscarriage of justice.'"
The petitioner argues that his guilty plea was involuntary because (1) the Government allegedly withheld information regarding DiMenna's criminal conduct and (2) a prosecutor in a separate matter that was pending in the Eastern District of New York told the petitioner that pleading guilty was necessary for the petitioner to receive a letter under § 5K1.1 of the Sentencing Guidelines for the prosecution in the Eastern District, and the petitioner never received a § 5K1.1 letter.
A guilty plea is "constitutionally valid only to the extent it is `voluntary' and `intelligent.'"
As an initial matter, the petitioner has set forth no factual basis for his conclusion that prosecutors in the Southern District of New York were aware of crimes that prosecutors in the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Connecticut would charge DiMenna with years later.
More importantly, the fact that DiMenna was himself involved in a separate fraud has no bearing on the petitioner's guilty plea. The petitioner has not asserted that the DiMenna charges were in any way relevant to the charges in Count Two of the petitioner's indictment. To the extent that the petitioner argues that the DiMenna charges cast doubt on the petitioner's own guilt, that argument is unavailing. The petitioner admitted to having committed wire fraud against DiMenna. The fact that DiMenna was himself a fraudster would not excuse the petitioner's crime against DiMenna. The petitioner admitted to his criminal conduct in the plea agreement, at his plea allocution, and at sentencing. The petitioner's solemn admissions of guilt are in no way undercut by the recent charges against DiMenna. Because the DiMenna charges are not relevant to the petitioner's guilty plea, the fact that the petitioner was unaware of the DiMenna charges when he pleaded guilty does not render his guilty plea involuntary.
The petitioner also argues that his plea was constitutionally involuntary because a prosecutor in a separate matter in the Eastern District of New York allegedly told the petitioner that the petitioner must plead guilty in order to receive a § 5K1.1 letter in the Eastern District matter.
This claim is time-barred. A one-year statute of limitations applies to collateral challenges brought pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255. 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f). The one-year limitations period begins from "the date on which the facts supporting the claim or claims presented could have been discovered through the exercise of due diligence."
In any event, the petitioner's argument regarding the § 5K1.1 letter is without merit because the record discloses that the petitioner's guilty plea was knowing and voluntary.
The petitioner's claim that his plea was involuntary is based on conclusory allegations that contradict the sworn statements that he made during his plea allocution. Therefore, the petitioner's claim that he was induced to plead guilty by the alleged promise of a § 5K1.1 letter fails to provide a basis for vacating, setting aside, or correcting his sentence.
The petitioner also claims that his counsel was ineffective for having failed to object to the guidelines calculation that included the loss to DiMenna.
This claim is also barred by the one-year statute of limitations found in 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f). The petitioner alleges that the statute of limitations does not apply to his § 2255 petition because his petition is based on new evidence, namely, the petitioner's discovery of the recent DiMenna charges. However, this alleged new evidence has no bearing on the petitioner's argument that his attorney should have objected to the guidelines calculation at sentencing. The petitioner's counsel could not have lodged an objection based on the DiMenna charges because these charges were alleged years after the petitioner's sentencing and there is no suggestion that the petitioner's counsel had any access to information about a criminal investigation of DiMenna. In short, the alleged new evidence, that DiMenna was charged in a separate fraud years later, could not have provided a basis for an objection at the time of sentencing.
In any event, the petitioner's ineffective assistance of counsel claim is meritless. To establish a claim of ineffective assistance of counsel, the petitioner must show both that: (1) his counsel's performance was deficient in that it was objectively unreasonable under professional standards prevailing at the time, and (2) his counsel's deficient performance was prejudicial to his case.
The petitioner cannot meet either prong of the
The petitioner also seeks to amend his § 2255 petition to add claims that he raised in his reply brief — namely, that (1) his plea agreement in which he waived the right to collaterally attack his sentence does not bar this petition, (2) the one-year statute of limitations found in 28 U.S.C. § 2255(f) does not bar his claims, and (3) the Government's alleged withholding information about the DiMenna charges when the petitioner pleaded guilty should estop the Government from arguing that his § 2255 petition should not be resolved on the merits.
The Court has considered all of the petitioner's arguments. As explained above, even ignoring the waiver in the plea agreement and the statute of limitations, the petitioner's claims lack merit. There is no factual basis to support the petitioner's assertion that the Southern District of New York prosecutors withheld information regarding the later DiMenna charges from the petitioner, or that the DiMenna charges were in any way relevant to the petitioner's plea. Nor has the petitioner shown that his counsel's failure to object at sentencing amounted to ineffective assistance of counsel.
The petitioner also seeks to expand the record to include information regarding proffers the petitioner made to the Government in the hope of obtaining a § 5K1.1 letter, and he seeks information that the prosecutors in the Southern District of New York and the District of Connecticut possessed about DiMenna.
The petitioner's request to expand the record appears to be a request for discovery. Discovery is not generally available in habeas corpus proceedings. To obtain discovery in a proceeding brought under 28 U.S.C. § 2255, the petitioner must show good cause.
The petitioner has not shown good cause to obtain discovery. The fact that DiMenna was involved in a fraudulent scheme in no way excuses the conduct to which the petitioner pleaded guilty, nor is it relevant to calculating the loss the petitioner caused to DiMenna. Discovery with respect to the petitioner's proffers to prosecutors is irrelevant because it is plain that the petitioner pleaded guilty in this case and in the Eastern District of New York without a § 5K1.1 letter.
The petitioner's request for an evidentiary hearing is
Finally, the petitioner requests that the Court appoint him counsel under 18 U.S.C. § 3006A. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has articulated factors that should guide the Court's discretion to appoint counsel to represent an indigent civil litigant under 28 U.S.C. § 1915, and these standards are useful in determining whether the interests of justice require appointing counsel for a habeas petitioner under 18 U.S.C. § 3006A(a)(2).
The Court has considered all of the arguments raised by the parties. To the extent they are not specifically addressed, they are either moot or without merit. For the reasons explained above, the petitioner's motion to vacate, set aside, or correct his sentence under 28 U.S.C. § 2255 is
Because the petitioner has failed to make a substantial showing of the denial of a constitutional right, the Court declines to issue a certificate of appealability pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2253(c)(2). The Clerk is directed to enter judgment dismissing the petition and closing this case.