VICKI MILES-LaGRANGE, Chief District Judge.
This case is scheduled for trial on the Court's August 2014 trial docket.
Before the Court is Defendant Midwest Regional Medical Center, LLC's ("MRMC") Motion for Summary Judgment and Memorandum Brief in Support, filed May 27, 2014. On June 19, 2014, plaintiff Equal Employment Opportunity Commission ("EEOC") filed its response, and on June 26, 2014, MRMC filed its reply. Also before the Court is Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and Brief in Support, filed June 2, 2014. On June 23, 2014, MRMC responded, and on June 30, 2014, the EEOC replied. Based on the parties' submissions, the Court makes its determination.
On July 13, 2013, the EEOC filed this instant action, on behalf of Janice Withers ("Withers"). Withers was employed by MRMC from October 3, 2011 until March 9, 2012. On November 17, 2011, Withers was diagnosed with basal cell carcinoma ("skin cancer") by Dr. Craig Abbott ("Dr. Abbott"). Withers informed her supervisor, RN Susan Milan ("Milan"), of her diagnosis and that she would undergo radiation treatment. On December 9, 2011, Withers started radiation treatment for her skin cancer. On December 12, 2011, Dr. Abbott, by written correspondence, informed MRMC that he was treating Withers' skin cancer with radiation treatment and requested that Withers be allowed to complete her therapy. Withers underwent fourteen sessions of radiation treatment and concluded her treatments on January 5, 2014. At the conclusion of the treatments, Dr. Abbott noted in Withers' medical record that "the patient tolerated the procedure well and there was no evidence of recurrent or residual disease at the end of the therapy." EEOC's Mot. for Summ. J. Ex. 1 Medical Records of Dr. Craig Abbott. Withers was also told to return for a follow-up visit in eight weeks. Withers never returned for the follow-up visit.
Withers was periodically absent from work while employed at MRMC. Milan testified that Withers' reason for continued absences was related to illness complaints. Beginning February 9, 2012, Withers called in sick and did not report to work as scheduled on February 10, 12, 13, 14, and 28, nor on March 2, 3, and 4, 2012. On March 5, 2012, Milan placed Withers on a leave of absence. The letter memorializing the leave of absence stated:
EEOC's Mot. for Summ. J. Ex. 8 Letter from Milan placing Withers on a leave of absence. On March 9, 2012, Withers was terminated from MRMC for no call/no show on March 6, 7, and 8, 2012.
The EEOC alleges that Withers was discriminated against by her employer MRMC when it terminated Withers in violation of Title I of the American with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008 ("ADA"), 42 U.S.C. § 12112. MRMC now moves for summary judgment as to the EEOC's employment discrimination claim based on Withers' disability. MRMC also asserts that the EEOC should be judicially estopped from seeking monetary damages on behalf of Withers because of her bankruptcy filing.
"Summary judgment is appropriate if the record shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. The moving party is entitled to summary judgment where the record taken as a whole could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the non-moving party. When applying this standard, [the Court] examines the record and reasonable inferences drawn therefrom in the light most favorable to the non-moving party." 19 Solid Waste Dep't Mechs. v. City of Albuquerque, 156 F.3d 1068, 1071-72 (10th Cir. 1998) (internal citations and quotations omitted).
"Only disputes over facts that might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law will properly preclude the entry of summary judgment. Furthermore, the non-movant has a burden of doing more than simply showing there is some metaphysical doubt as to the material facts. Rather, the relevant inquiry is whether the evidence presents a sufficient disagreement to require submission to a jury or whether it is so one-sided that one party must prevail as a matter of law." Neustrom v. Union Pac. R.R. Co., 156 F.3d 1057, 1066 (10th Cir. 1998) (internal citations and quotations omitted).
If a plaintiff offers no direct evidence of disability discrimination, as is the case in the instant matter, the Court applies the burden-shifting analysis articulated by the Supreme Court in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792 (1973). See Equal Emp't Opportunity Comm'n v. C.R. England, Inc., 644 F.3d 1028, 1038 (10th Cir. 2011). Under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework, a plaintiff must first make out a prima facie case of discrimination. See id. "After the plaintiff has made the requisite showing, the burden shifts to the defendant to articulate a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its actions." Id. "If the defendant proffers such a reason, the burden then shifts back to the plaintiff to show that the defendant's stated reasons are merely `pretextual.'" Id.
To establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination, a plaintiff must demonstrate that she "(1) is a disabled person as defined by the ADA; (2) is qualified, with or without reasonable accommodation, to perform the essential functions of the job held or desired
The EEOC and MRMC both move for summary judgment as to the issue of whether Withers had a disability as defined by the ADA when she was discharged. MRMC asserts that the EEOC and Withers cannot establish she had a disability as defined by the ADA at the time of her termination. Disability is defined in the ADA as:
42 U.S.C. § 12102(1)(A)(B)(C). MRMC contends that as to the three prongs of disability, at the time of her discharge, Withers did not have a physical or mental impairment that substantially limited one or more major life activities; Withers never claimed there was a record of such impairment and that no record of such impairment exists; and Withers was not regarded as having such impairment, and if there was such impairment, it was minor and transitory.
"The definition of disability [as defined in the ADA] shall be construed in favor of broad coverage of individuals." 42 U.S.C. § 12102(4)(A). As to the first prong of disability as defined in the ADA,
Id. at (4)(C)(D). The Tenth Circuit has stated:
Johnson v. Weld Cnty., Colo., 594 F.3d 1202, 1218 (10th Cir. 2010) (internal citations omitted).
The ADA considers cancer a predictable assessment and finds that:
29 C.F.R § 1630.2(j)(3)(ii)(iii).
The EEOC contends that Withers had an actual disability as defined by prong one of the ADA when she was discharged by MRMC on March 9, 2012. Withers was diagnosed with skin cancer in mid-November 2011 and "underwent fourteen radiation sessions which concluded on January 5, 2012." EEOC's Mot. for Summ. J. at 15. The EEOC further alleges that Withers was in remission at the end of her treatments and was to follow up with her doctor in eight weeks. MRMC contends that Withers' cancer was gone as of January 5, 2012, and, therefore, she was not disabled when she was discharged on March 9, 2012. The Court has carefully reviewed the parties' briefs and evidentiary submissions and finds that MRMC has created a genuine issue of a material fact as to whether Withers was disabled as defined by prong one of the ADA when she was discharged. Specifically, the Court finds that Withers never followed up with her doctor to check on the status of her skin cancer and the doctor notes from Withers' last treatment indicated that:
MRMC's Resp. Ex. 5 Medical Records of Dr. Craig Abbott, at 2. Lastly, Withers, in her deposition, stated that despite having a scar, the skin cancer was gone after her fourteen radiation treatments. MRMC's Resp. Ex. 1 Deposition of Janice Withers, at 115 lines 10-20. Accordingly, the Court finds there a genuine issue of a material fact precluding a finding as a matter of law that Withers is disabled as defined under prong one under the ADA.
Under the second prong of disability as defined by the ADA,
29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(k)(1). The EEOC contends that it is uncontroverted that Withers has a record of disability and identifies the correspondence between Withers' physician and MRMC "which disclose[d] her diagnosis and treatment plan to MRMC" as the record. EEOC's Summ. J. at 17. In its Response, MRMC does not dispute the EEOC's material fact 2 that:
EEOC's Summ. J. at 2 ¶2. The Court has carefully reviewed the parties' briefs and evidentiary submissions and finds that as a matter of law, Withers had a record of having skin cancer, and as a result, is considered disabled under prong two of disability as defined by the ADA. Specifically the Court finds that the interpretative guidance on Title I of the American with Disabilities Act makes clear that
29 C.F.R. § 1630(k) (see Appendix to Part 1630 Interpretive Guidance on Title I of the American with Disabilities Act). Accordingly, the Court finds that the EEOC is entitled to summary judgment as to its claim that Withers is a person with a disability as defined by the ADA.
The EEOC and MRMC both move for summary judgment as to whether Withers was terminated because of her disability.
Butler v. City of Prairie Vill., Kan., 172 F.3d 736, 748-49 (10th Cir. 1999) (internal quotations and citations omitted). Further, the temporal proximity of the request for an accommodation or the disclosure of a disability to a plaintiff's termination may contribute to a permissible inference of discriminatory intent. See id. at 749. In this case, whether it was actually approved or not by MRMC,
The Court has carefully reviewed the parties' briefs and evidentiary submissions. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the EEOC and viewing all reasonable inferences in the EEOC's favor, the Court finds that the EEOC has presented sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Withers was discriminated against based on her disability when she was discharged by MRMC. Specifically, the Court finds that the temporal proximity to when Withers was placed on a leave of absence (March 5, 2012) and when she was discharged (March 9, 2012) could lead to an inference of discriminatory intent.
Accordingly, the Court has found that the EEOC has presented sufficient evidence to establish a prima facie case of disability discrimination. Thus, the Court must now determine whether MRMC has proffered a legitimate, non-discriminatory reason for its decision to discharge Withers. Having reviewed the parties' submissions, the Court finds that MRMC has proffered a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason — excessive absenteeism.
Because MRMC has articulated a legitimate, nondiscriminatory reason for its decision, the EEOC's "burden is only to demonstrate a genuine dispute of material fact as to whether the proffered reasons were unworthy of belief." Butler, 172 F.3d at 750 (internal quotations and citations omitted). The Court has carefully reviewed the parties' briefs and evidentiary submissions. Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the EEOC and viewing all reasonable inferences in the EEOC's favor, the Court finds the EEOC has presented sufficient evidence to create a genuine issue of material fact as to whether MRMC's proffered reason is unworthy of belief. The EEOC asserts that this case is comparable to the facts in Reed v. Tetra Tech Inc., 2014 WL 931426 (W.D. Okla. 2014)
EEOC's Resp. at 23 (citing Reed at *5).
The Court finds that there are inconsistencies as to MRMC's position as to Withers being put on the leave of absence. MRMC asserts that (1) Withers did not request the leave of absence, nor did MRMC approve the leave of absence, and (2) even though Withers was on the leave of absence, Milan expected Withers to call in every day she would not be reporting to work. The Court finds that while it may be true that Withers did not request the leave of absence, and Milan, believing the leave of absence was approved, put Withers on a leave of absence, the fact that Withers was required to call in every day she would not be reporting to work while on a, what she understood was approved, leave of absence is inconsistent with MRMC's policy for taking a leave of absence.
Id. MRMC only admits that even though Milan issued the leave of absence to Withers, she was not the "sole" decision maker. MRMC's Resp. at 3 ¶ 43. MRMC fails identify who actually made the decision to put Withers on a leave of absence. Accordingly, the Court finds that MRMC is not entitled to summary judgment as to the EEOC's disability claim on behalf of Withers.
The EEOC asserts it is entitled to summary judgment on MRMC's affirmative defense of failure to mitigate. "One claiming damages for losses such as back pay has the duty to take such reasonable steps under the circumstances as will minimize those damages." Spulak v. K Mart Corp., 894 F.2d 1150, 1158 (10th Cir. 1990) (internal citation and quotations omitted). "A claimant need only make a reasonable and good faith effort, and is not held to the highest standards of diligence." Id. (internal citation omitted). The burden is on the employer to establish that the claimant did not exercise reasonable diligence. Id. (internal citation omitted). "In order to satisfy the burden, . . ., the defendant must establish (1) that the damage suffered by plaintiff could have been avoided, i.e. that there were suitable positions available which plaintiff could have discovered and for which [s]he was qualified; and (2) that plaintiff failed to use reasonable care and diligence in seeking such a position." EEOC v. Sandia Corp., 639 F.2d 600, 627 (10th Cir. 1980) (internal citations and quotations omitted).
In this case, the EEOC is seeking back pay for Withers for two periods: (1) for March 9, 2012, up until May 7, 2012, when Withers was receiving unemployment benefits, while searching for employment; and (2) from February 11, 2013 to September 17, 2013, while Withers was working for OU Medical, where she earned less ($11.85/hour) than what she was making at MRMC ($12.57/hour). MRMC only contends that Withers did not mitigate her damages while she was working at OU Medical. MRMC asserts that per the scheduling records provided by OU Medical, Withers did not work full-time while she was at OU Medical and provided no reasons for not working full-time.
Having reviewed the parties' briefs and evidentiary submissions, and viewing the evidence in light most favorable to MRMC, the Court finds that MRMC presents sufficient evidence to establish a question of fact as to whether Withers reasonably mitigated her damages while working at OU Medical. Specifically, the Court finds that, initially in her deposition on December 13, 2013, Withers testified that she was still employed with OU Medical. However, once Withers' OU Medical employment records were produced, it was revealed that Withers had been terminated from OU Medical on September 13, 2013. Further, while Withers did find a suitable position at OU Medical, her employment records revealed that Withers did not work full-time at OU Medical, as she did at MRMC. As a result, there is a genuine issue of material fact as to whether Withers reasonably mitigated her damages for back pay while working at OU Medical. Based on the evidence from Withers' OU Medical employment records, the Court finds that the EEOC is not entitled to summary judgment on the issue of mitigation of damages.
Accordingly, for the reasons set forth above, the Court DENIES Defendant Midwest Regional Medical Center, LLC's ("MRMC") Motion for Summary Judgment and Memorandum Brief in Support [docket no. 48] and GRANTS IN PART and DENIES IN PART Plaintiff's Motion for Partial Summary Judgment and Brief in Support [docket no. 53] as follows:
42 U.S.C. § 12102(2)(B).
EEOC's Resp. Ex. 15 MRMC's Attendance Policy at 2.
EEOC's Resp. Ex. 15 MRMC's Attendance Policy at 1.