ERIC L. FRANK, Chief Judge.
Debtor, Mario L. Blanco ("the Debtor"), commenced this chapter 13 bankruptcy case on March 4, 2014. By order entered on September 2, 2014, I dismissed the case motion of the Chapter 13 Trustee ("the Trustee"). The Debtor filed a "Motion to Vacate Dismissal" on September 10, 2014. On October 8, 2014, after a hearing, I denied the Debtor's motion. On October 17, 2014, the Debtor filed a Notice of Appeal to the district court.
I issued both the September 2, 2014 dismissal order and the October 8, 2014 order denying the Motion to Vacate Dismissal from the bench. This Memorandum is entered to: (1) amplify the reasons for these actions; and (2) provide the district court with an historical narrative so that it may analyze the issues raised in the appeal in their proper context. See L.B.R. 8001-1(b).
The Debtor filed his first bankruptcy case on May 22, 2013 ("the First Case"). (See Bky. No. 13-14533). The Debtor did not file his bankruptcy schedules, statement of financial affairs or a chapter 13 plan with the petition. (See Bky. No. 13-14533, Doc. #1). Upon request of the
On June 27, 2013 and July 2, 2013, Ocwen Loan Servicing, LLC ("Ocwen") filed two (2) secured proofs of claim, both on behalf of Deutsche Bank Trust Company Americas, as trustee ("Deutsche Bank"). Each proof of claim asserted that the claim was secured by real property.
The first proof of claim was based on a note secured by a mortgage on 8705 Monterey Bay Loop, Bradenton, Florida. In the proof of claim, Ocwen represented that:
The second proof of claim was based on a note secured by a mortgage on 8709 Monterey Bay Loop, Bradenton, Florida. In the proof of claim, Ocwen represented that:
After the Debtor failed to file his bankruptcy schedules, statement of financial affairs and chapter 13 plan, I dismissed the case by order entered July 10, 2013. (Bky. No. 13-14533, Doc. #16).
The Debtor filed the current case on March 4, 2014.
On April 4, 2014, the Debtor filed his bankruptcy schedules, statement of financial affairs and chapter 13 plan. (See Doc. #'s 14, 15).
In his bankruptcy schedules, the Debtor represented:
(Doc. #14).
On August 4, 2014, the Debtor also filed a chapter 13 plan ("the Plan"). (Doc. #15).
The Plan stated that total plan funding is "uncertain," but also stated that the Debtor would pay the Trustee $150.00 per month from May 2014 through May 2019. (Id.). Thus, assuming that the Debtor intended the payments to run for the 60 month maximum term, see 11 U.S.C. § 1322(d), the Plan seemed to be funded at $9,000.00. The Plan further stated that the Debtor would make post-petition contractual installment payments to the three (3) secured creditors identified in his Schedule D as follows:
(Id.).
The Debtor's Plan also specially classified two (2) unsecured creditors (the two (2) credit card companies listed in Schedule F with claims totaling $7,200.00) and provided for them to be paid in full. (Id.).
Finally, the Plan stated that the treatment of various claims were "to be determine[d]." (Id.). These subjects included: pre-confirmation adequate protection payments to secured creditors, secured claims to be paid on modified terms, liens to be avoided and the order of priority of distribution by the Trustee. (Id.).
Between June 4, 2014 and August 22, 2014, ten (10) proofs of claim were filed, nine (9) of which were claims secured by real property, as summarized in the table below.
MONTHS IN CREDITOR PROPERTY TOTAL CLAIM ARREARS ARREARS JP Morgan Chase 624 Foster Avenue, $60,477.47 -0- N/A Springfield, PA Bank of America 11120 Kempton Vista Dr., $414,376.48 $106,199.52 44 Riverview, FL Bank of America 11804 Stonewood Gate Dr., $325,082.44 $55,659.47 44 Riverview, FL Bank of America 11802 Stonewood Gate Dr., $369,739.31 $63,012.96 44 Riverview, FL Bank of America 12009 Hampshire Field Ct., $289,250.81 $52,919.10 44 Riverview, FL U.S. Bank, N.A 1785 Holton Road, Lakeland, $282,008.94 $75,094.48 44 FL Wilmington 3807 Rollingsford Circle, $280,774.06 $70,817.44 45 Savings Fund Lakeland, FL Society, FSB,
JP Morgan Chase, 624 Foster Drive, Springfield, $234,142.06 0.00 N/A NA PA Deutsche Bank 8705 Monterey Bay Loop, $394,021.84 $93,063.68 43 Bradenton, FL $2,649,873.41 4 $516,766.65TOTALS
On April 25, 2014, Deutsche Bank (acting through its loan servicer, Ocwen) filed an Objection to Confirmation of the Debtor's Plan. (Doc. #23). In the Objection, Deutsche Bank asserted that the Plan failed to comply with 11 U.S.C. § 1325(a)(5)(B)(i) and (ii) because it lacked sufficient funding to pay Deutsche Bank's pre-petition arrearage claim of $97,203.78.
On June 11, 2014, the Debtor responded to Deutsche Bank's Objection to Confirmation by filing a Motion to Strike Deutsche Bank's Objection to Confirmation ("the Motion to Strike"). (Doc. # 46). Though rambling and largely incoherent, the thrust of the Motion to Strike appeared that Deutsche Bank lacked standing to object to the Debtor's Plan because there was "no evidence in the record that [Deutsche Bank] is a bona fide creditor. . . and/or holder in due course in possession of a verified claim." (Debtor's Motion to Strike ¶ 12) (emphasis in original). The Debtor also stated in section heading "V" that "It Is Well Known Banks and Bankers Cannot Be Trusted Absent Strict Proof."
The Debtor did not self-schedule a hearing on the Motion to Strike as required by L.B.R. 5070-1, 9014-3(c). To bring some procedural order to the case, I issued an order on June 16, 2014, denying the Debtor's Motion to Strike without prejudice "to the Debtor['s] right to assert all of the arguments set forth in the Motion at the confirmation hearing or at the hearing on the Trustee's pending Motion to Dismiss Case or at the hearing on any objection the Debtor may file to Deutsche Bank's proof of claim." (Doc. #30).
On June 24, 2014, Deutsche Bank filed a Motion for Relief from the Automatic Stay ("the § 362 Motion"). (Doc. # 36). In the § 362 Motion, Deutsche Bank alleged inter alia:
(§ 362 Motion ¶¶ 3, 8).
Pursuant to L.B.R. 5070-1 and 9014-3(c), Deutsche Bank scheduled a hearing on the § 362 Motion for July 17, 2014 and notified the Debtor of the hearing and the July 11, 2014 deadline for filing a response. (Doc. # 37). The Debtor did not file a timely response, but on July 14, 2014, just three (3) days before the scheduled hearing, filed an Answer incorporating by reference the Motion to Strike and its contention that Deutsche Bank lacked standing to obtain relief from the court. (Doc. # 49).
At no time in his written response, or at the July 17, 2014 hearing, or at any subsequent hearing did the Debtor dispute Deutsche Bank's central contention — that he had made no postpetition mortgage payments to Deutsche Bank. See, e.g., In re Stuart, 402 B.R. 111, 122 (Bankr. E.D.Pa.2009) (evidence of a debtor's postpetition default in mortgage payments meets a mortgagee's initial burden of production in establishing "cause" for relief from the automatic stay under 11 U.S.C. § 362(d)(1)) (citing cases). It was obvious from the Debtor's presentation that his sole defense to the § 362 Motion was that Deutsche Bank lacked standing absent proof that it had possession of the original note.
At the July 17, 2014 hearing, Deutsche Bank, by Ocwen, appeared through counsel and did not dispute the general proposition put forward by the Debtor in his defense, i.e., Deutsche Bank had to demonstrate that it had standing to request any relief from the court by producing the note on which its claim was based. See generally In re Walker, 466 B.R. 271 (Bankr. E.D.Pa.2012) (in context of objection to proof of claim, applying Pennsylvania law and holding that mortgagee-claimant must demonstrate that it has the legal right to enforce the note, which is frequently established by showing actual possession of the note). Consequently, Deutsche Bank requested a continuance of the hearing in order to produce the original note, which it claimed it had in its possession, to be authenticated through an out-of-town witness. In light of the Debtor's untimely response, which left Deutsche Bank little time to gather its evidence for the hearing, I granted Deutsche Bank's continuance request over the Debtor's objection. The hearing was continued to August 21, 2014. (See Docket Entry No. 52).
On July 31, 2014, while Deutsche Bank's § 362 Motion was pending, the Trustee filed a Motion to Dismiss the Case ("the Trustee's Motion") (Doc. # 64).
(Id.).
The Trustee self-scheduled a hearing on the Trustee's Motion on September 2, 2014. (See Doc. # 65). At the September 2, 2014 hearing, the Trustee focused his attention on the fourth reason above, the Debtor's failure to propose a plan that adequately funded the arrearage claims of the creditors holding mortgages on his various properties.
In response, the Debtor offered no explanation as to how his proposed plan, which was funded at the level of $9,000.00, could adequately address claims for mortgage arrears in excess of $500,000.00. Instead, the Debtor's arguments focused on: his claim of entitlement to personally review
At the hearing, I rejected the Debtor's argument. I concluded that his desire to inspect the Deutsche Bank note could not provide any defense to the Trustee's claim that the case should be dismissed for unreasonable delay under 11 U.S.C. § 1307(c)(1), particularly given the apparent futility of the plan. I simply failed to see how his inspection of the note would address the severe "under-funding" of the plan. However, before ruling, I also inquired whether there was any other reason why the case should not be dismissed in light of the disconnect between the Debtor's goal of preventing foreclosure of his properties and the paltry funding of the Plan, i.e., whether there was any other rehabilitative or reorganizational purpose to the case (other than the Debtor's effort to prevent a foreclosure of the property secured by the mortgages held by Deutsche Bank and other creditors). The Debtor offered no other rationale for the continued existence of the chapter 13 case. As a result, I granted the Trustee's Motion and entered an order of dismissal on September 2, 2014. (Doc. # 80).
The dismissal of the case was grounded in 11 U.S.C. § 1307(c)(1), which authorizes the court to dismiss a case on the request of a party in interest for cause, including "unreasonable delay by the debtor that is prejudicial to creditors." The determination whether cause exists to dismiss a chapter 13 case under § 1307(c)(1) for unreasonable delay is left to the discretion of the bankruptcy judge. See In re Paulson, 524 Fed.Appx. 306, 307 (8th Cir. 2013) (per curiam); In re Dempsey, 247 Fed.Appx. 21, 25 (7th Cir.2007) (nonprecedential); see also In re American Capital Equipment, LLC, 688 F.3d 145, 161 (3d Cir.2012) (bankruptcy court decision to dismiss or convert a case under 11 U.S.C. § 1112(b) is reviewed for abuse of discretion).
The general principle underlying the "unreasonable delay" was articulated in In re Wile, 310 B.R. 514, 517 (Bankr.E.D.Pa. 2004):
Id. at 517 (citations and footnotes omitted).
Stated slightly differently, there is no legitimate purpose for a debtor to remain in chapter 13, and thereby restrain creditors from exercising their rights under applicable nonbankruptcy law, if the debtor, after given fair opportunity to do so, has been unable to propose a chapter 13 plan that meets the confirmation requirements of 11 U.S.C. § 1322 and § 1325. See, e.g., Dempsey, 247 Fed.Appx. at 25.
Cause exists for dismissal under section 1307(c)(1) when the chapter 13
In this case, based on the cavernous divide between the magnitude of the arrearage claims secured by the Debtor's real property and the Plan funding, the facial infeasibility of the Plan in light of the Debtor's income and expense disclosures,
On September 10, 2014, the Debtor filed a Motion to Vacate Dismissal of the Case ("the Motion to Reconsider"). (Doc. # 88).
For the reasons that follow, I was not persuaded that reconsideration was appropriate based on the Debtor's claim he lacked notice.
"The purpose of a motion for reconsideration is to correct manifest errors of law or fact or to present newly discovered evidence." E.g., Harsco Corp. v. Zlotnicki, 779 F.2d 906, 909 (3d Cir.1985), cert. denied, 476 U.S. 1171, 106 S.Ct. 2895, 90 L.Ed.2d 982 (1986). It is an accepted legal principle that "courts should grant such motions sparingly because of their strong interest in finality of judgment." Griffin-El v. Beard, 2009 WL 1229599, at *3 (E.D.Pa. Apr. 30, 2009) (citations omitted).
Nor was the issue raised by the Trustee particularly complicated. The Trustee's Motion was premised largely on the fact that the Plan was underfunded and that even though almost six (6) months has passed since the Debtor commenced the case, the Debtor had taken no action to remedy the patently obvious defects in the Plan, other than filing an objection to a single claim (Deutsche Bank's proof of claim).
Even at the hearing on reconsideration, several weeks after the September 2, 2014 hearing at which the Debtor claims unfair surprise, the Debtor did not present any type of coherent, credible reorganization theory that harmonized his minimal level of income with the enormity of his secured debt and pre-petition arrears. Instead, the Debtor's position continued to consist of nothing more than generalized complaints about the dishonesty of the mortgage lending industry, an ongoing plea that his failure to attend the August 21, 2014 Deutsche Bank stay relief hearing should be excused, a demand to visually inspect the Deutsche Bank mortgage note and a request that Deutsche Bank should be required to again undergo the expense of bringing the mortgage note to the courthouse.
In summary, the Motion to Reconsider failed to present: (1) newly available evidence; (2) an intervening change in the controlling law; or (3) any plausible argument that the court committed a clear error of law or that reconsideration is necessary prevent manifest injustice. See, e.g., North River Ins. Co. v. CIGNA Reinsurance
The Debtor's appeal followed on October 17, 2014. (Doc. # 96).
(emphasis added).
PBI Performance Products, Inc. v. NorFab Corp., 514 F.Supp.2d 732, 743-44 (E.D.Pa. 2007); accord, In re Kuhar, 2007 WL 2245912, *2 (Bankr.E.D.Pa. Aug. 1, 2007).