JAMES M. MUNLEY, District Judge.
Before the court is the plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint (Doc. 55). The motion has been fully briefed and is ripe for disposition.
We will briefly recite the facts that are relevant to the instant motion. Plaintiffs William Spiess, Kasheen Thomas, Gene Thomas, II, Jaleel Holden and Jose Lacen (collectively "plaintiffs") bring this Section 1983 action alleging that the defendants violated their civil rights. The plaintiffs were arrested and charged with raping two girls-sixteen year old AJ and fifteen year old TM— on the night of February 9, 2008. (Doc. 1, Original Compl. ¶ 1). Plaintiff Spiess alleges that he did not engage in any sexual acts with either girl. (
On the morning of February 11, 2008, the two girls went to the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Department (hereafter the "Department"). (
The plaintiffs also allege that AJ had made two previous complaints of sexual molestation against a family member to the Department. (
Despite the apparent inconsistencies and with knowledge of AJ's history of unfounded sexual assault allegations, the Defendant Detectives, Chief Lewis and ADA Rakaczewski took the girls' statements as an opportunity to appear responsive to violent crime and gangs. (
The plaintiffs allege that the Defendant Detectives, Chief Lewis and ADA Rakaczewski "crafted affidavits of probable cause wherein they knowingly[,] deliberately, or with reckless disregard for the truth, concealed material facts and exculpatory evidence while, at the same time, including statements that they knew or should have known were false." (
Detectives arrested the plaintiffs and they "were charged with,
The plaintiffs also allege that the Defendant Detectives and ADA Rakaczewski encouraged the girls to confer to iron out their stories before testifying at the preliminary hearing before a magistrate to bind the plaintiffs over for trial. (
The plaintiffs filed the original complaint on February 8, 2010. (Doc. 1, Original Compl.). On March 8, 2010, Defendants Monroe County, the Monroe County District Attorney's Office, District Attorney E. David Christine Jr. (hereafter "DA Christine"), ADA Rakaczewski and Detective Wendy Bentzoni (hereafter "Detective Bentzoni") filed a motion to dismiss. (Doc. 10). On July 26, 2010, this court granted, in part, and denied, in part, the motion and pursuant to our rulings, the Monroe County District Attorney's Office and DA Christine were dismissed from the case. (Doc. 23).
The plaintiff filed the instant motion to amend the complaint on April 17, 2012, seeking to add another defendant and two failure to train/supervise claims. (Doc. 55). The plaintiffs filed a copy of the proposed amended complaint for the court's consideration. (Doc. 57, Attachs. 3, 4, 5). On April 23, 2012, Defendants Monroe County, ADA Rakaczewski and Detective Bentzoni filed a brief in opposition to the motion. (Doc. 58). On April 27, 2012, the Department, Chief Lewis and Detectives Lutchcke, Bohrman, Bray, Wagner and Lenning also filed a separate brief in opposition to the motion. (Doc. 60).
The court has federal question jurisdiction over this civil rights action brought under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.
The plaintiffs move to amend the complaint to add an additional defendant and two failure to train/supervise claims to the complaint.
The plaintiffs seek to name the Pocono Mountain Regional Police Commission (hereafter the "Commission"), an administrative body that governs the Department, as a defendant in the instant case. (Doc. 57, Pl. Br. in Supp. at 3). At the time that they initiated this action, the plaintiffs believed that Chief Lewis was the sole decision-maker and policymaker of the Department. However, the plaintiffs recently learned that the Commission also serves in a policymaking capacity. (
(Doc. 57, Attach. 1).
Defendant contends that this proposed amendment is barred by the statute of limitations, thus, the motion should be denied. While a plaintiff may add a new defendant under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c)(1)(C), which allows for amendments to relate back to the filing date of the original pleading, defendant claims that the plaintiffs cannot satisfy all of the requirements under that Rule, particularly that the Commission knew or should have known that it would have been brought in as a party to this suit.
Rule 15(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure provides that a party may amend its pleading outside of the applicable time line provided by the Rule only with the opposing party's written consent or the court's leave. FED.R.CIV.P. 15(a)(2). District courts are obligated to grant leave freely "when justice so requires."
The Supreme Court discussed the liberal standard to amend a complaint under Rule 15(a), when it found in
In applying Rule 15(a), the Third Circuit Court of Appeals regards the possibility of prejudice to the non-moving party as the "touchstone for the denial of the amendment."
When a plaintiff wishes to name a new party to a lawsuit after the statute of limitations has expired on her claims, plaintiff must comply with the conditions of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(c). "If the amendment relates back to the date of the filing of the original complaint, the amended complaint is treated, for statute of limitations purposes, as if it had been filed at that time."
Three requirements must be satisfied under Rule 15(c): (1) the amendment asserts a claim or defense that arose out of the conduct, transaction, or occurrence set out in the original pleading; (2) within the period provided by Rule 4(m),
The Supreme Court has held that "relation back under Rule 15(c)(1)(C) depends on what the party to be added knew or should have known, not on the amending party's knowledge or its timeliness in seeking to amend the pleading."
In
In the instant case, the parties do not dispute that the statute of limitations on the plaintiffs' claims expired, therefore, the amendment must relate back to the original complaint. Defendant Department concedes the first and second requirements under Rule 15(c), as the claims the plaintiffs seek to assert against the Commission arose out of the same occurrence alleged in the original complaint and the Commission had notice of the lawsuit within the required time period. However, defendant argues the plaintiffs cannot demonstrate that the Commission knew or should have known that the action would have been brought against it but for a mistake concerning the proper party's identity. FED.R.CIV.P. 15(c)(1)(C)(ii).
Defendant asserts that the plaintiffs alleged in the original complaint that Department officers and ADA Rakaczewski brought charges against the plaintiffs based upon "shameful lies on which Defendants were fully aware." (Doc. 60, Def. Dep't Br. in Opp. at 12, quoting Original Compl. ¶ 1). Defendant claims that the plaintiffs need to demonstrate that the Commission members were complicit in a bogus prosecution fueled by racial bias. It argues that, "[u]nless plaintiffs' counsel are prepared to represent to this Court that the Commission members acted out of racial bias, the statute of limitations has run and these claims do not relate back to the original Complaint under Rule 15." (
We find the pleadings in the original complaint are not so limited as to only allege racial bias of individual officers. Rather, the plaintiffs also alleged unlawful administration of criminal proceedings, including the assignment, control, oversight and supervision of Department officers involving the interviews, investigations and/or arrests of the plaintiffs. (Original Compl. ¶ 167). Based on the original allegations, we find that the Commission, while claiming that it did not know, should have known that this action would have been brought against it.
The Commission is essentially comprised of or associated with Chief Lewis, the Department and the four municipalities, all of which have been defendants in this suit since its inception. The original complaint asserted claims against Chief Lewis as a decision-maker and policymaker for the Department. (
It is clear that the Commission, due to its role and formation, should have been a defendant in the instant case which involves the plaintiffs' criminal proceeding. We find that the Commission should have known that it would be a defendant, satisfying the only contested requirement under Rule 15(c). Accordingly, we find that the amendment relates back to the original pleading and is not barred by the statute of limitations.
Defendant Department also argues that plaintiffs' counsel was aware of the existence of the Commission as far back as March 2010, therefore, the choice to not sue the Commission was deliberate and not a mistake. (Doc. 60, Def. Dep't Br. in Opp. at 13-14). The plaintiffs explained that while they knew of the Commission's existence, they did not learn that the Commission was a policymaker until recent discovery and depositions. (Doc. 57, Pl. Br. in Supp. at 3-4). We find that this important distinction was emphasized by the Supreme Court in
Defendant Department also suggests that the plaintiffs' delay in moving for the amendment is grounds for this court to deny the motion under Rule 15(a). However, "[d]elay alone is not sufficient to justify denial of leave to amend."
In the instant case, while defendant indicates that the amendment was delayed, defendant fails to indicate how, if at all, defendant was prejudiced by the delay. Delay alone is not sufficient to deny the motion. The plaintiffs explained their reason for now moving to amend the complaint. We do not find that there will be an unfair burden on defendants in allowing for the amendment to add the Commission. Accordingly, we will allow plaintiffs to amend the complaint to add the Commission as a defendant.
The plaintiffs also seek to amend the complaint to add two counts for failure to train/supervise. Count VIII of the proposed amended complaint names the municipalities, the Commission, the Department and Chief Lewis for failure to train/supervise. (Doc. 57-5, Am. Compl. ¶¶ 184-205). Count IX of the proposed amended complaint names Monroe County and DA Christine for failure to train/supervise. (
Defendant Department does not raise any specific argument as to the proposed failure to train claim asserted against them, as they devoted the majority of their brief to opposing the amendment to add the Commission as a defendant. The defendant has the burden of demonstrating prejudice of an amendment and they have failed to do so.
Defendants Monroe County, ADA Rakaczewski and Wendy Bentzoni oppose the proposed amendment to add a failure to train/supervise claim asserted against Monroe County and DA Christine.
As stated above, the possibility of prejudice to the non-moving party is the "touchstone for the denial of the amendment."
The plaintiffs argue that defendants will not be prejudiced. They explain that at the time they initiated this action, plaintiffs believed that the individually named detectives were properly trained and/or supervised. (Doc. 57, Pl. Br. in Supp. at 10). Discovery revealed that the defendant detectives did not have the level of training, experience and/or supervision necessary and/or required for the highly specialize sexual abuse and rape charges at issue in this action. (
First, we must reiterate our rulings in our Memorandum dated July 26, 2010. (Doc. 23, Memo & Order). We denied Monroe County's motion to dismiss, finding that based on state law the plaintiffs sufficiently alleged that DA Christine was a final policymaker for Monroe County in the area of training and supervising assistant district attorneys and detectives with regard to sexual assault investigations and abuse of power. (
We dismissed the Section 1983 claim against DA Christine, as the claim was brought against him solely in his official capacity and was duplicative of the surviving claim against Monroe County. (
Under the instant motion to amend, we agree with defendants that it appears that the plaintiffs are attempting to reassert claims against DA Christine despite the fact he was dismissed from this lawsuit. While the plaintiffs claim that they do not propose to add DA Christine as a defendant, they did not remove his name from the caption, they named him as a defendant in the heading before the proposed failure to train/supervise claim and they refer to him as "Defendant Christine" throughout Count IX for failure to train/supervise. (Doc. 57-5, Am. Compl. ¶¶ 206-33).
As we previously explained, a claim against DA Christine as a policymaker for Monroe County is the same as a claim against the municipality itself. (Doc. 23, Mem. & Order at 19, citing
Defendants also argue that they participated in substantial discovery in the case under the impression that the plaintiffs did not claim that DA Christine and Monroe County failed to properly train ADA Rakaczewski and Detective Bentzoni. Therefore, they claim that defendants would be prejudiced by the new claim against Monroe County.
Again, we refer to our motion to dismiss decision. We denied Defendant Monroe County's motion to dismiss because we found that "the plaintiffs have alleged that DA Christine was a final policymaker for Monroe County in the area of
Furthermore, the proposed amendments submitted by the plaintiffs are similar to those in the original complaint. In the original complaint, plaintiffs allege that DA Christine was a policymaker and administrator "responsible for the formulation and/or implementation of all practices, policies and procedures of the office; the discipline, assignment, training and supervision of staff, including assistant district attorneys and detectives; and all other day-to-day operations, oversight, command and control of the office." (Doc. 1, Original Compl. ¶ 26). The plaintiffs further alleged that DA Christine was responsible for the "assignment, control, command, oversight and supervision of assistant district attorneys and detectives involved in rape and assault investigations." (
Defendants also argue that the proposed failure to train/supervise claim is barred by the statute of limitation. We disagree. The proposed claim against Monroe County arose out of the occurrence set forth in the original pleading alleging the unlawful investigation and/or arrest the plaintiffs in the underlying criminal case. FED.R .CIV.P. 15(c). Therefore, the amendment relates back to the original pleading and is not barred by the statute of limitations.
Finally, defendants argue that the court should consider the plaintiffs' undue delay in its motion to amend, because adding a new claim at this stage of litigation would require a significant extension of the case management deadlines to avoid prejudice.
During a recent discovery conference call, we indicated that we would extend all case management deadlines. (
For the reasons stated above, the plaintiffs' motion to amend the complaint will be granted, in part, and denied, in part. The motion will be granted, as unopposed, with respect to dismissing Kenneth Lenning as a defendant. The motion will also be granted as unopposed as to the voluntary withdrawal of Counts III, V, VI and VII.
The motion to amend the complaint to add the Commission as a defendant will be granted. The motion to add two failure to train/supervise counts will be granted with respect to all defendants except for DA Christine. The plaintiffs will be ordered to remove any reference to DA Christine as a defendant in this case. The plaintiffs will also be directed to file the amended complaint with corrections and amendments within fourteen (14) days from the date of this order.
All case management deadlines will be extended sixty (60) days from the date of this order. An appropriate order follows.
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6. The case management deadlines are extended as follows: Discovery shall be completed by