KIM R. GIBSON, District Judge.
Pending before the Court is Defendants Nationstar Mortgage, LLC ("Nationstar") and Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae," collectively with Nationstar, "Defendants") Motion to Dismiss For Lack of Subject Matter Jurisdiction and Failure to State a Claim Pursuant to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) (Doc. No. 3). Plaintiffs Brian J. Kosicki and Tonya M. Kosicki (collectively, "Plaintiffs") did not file a response in opposition to Defendants' motion, but rather filed a Motion to Remand Case to the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County, Pennsylvania (Doc. No. 6), of which Defendant Fannie Mae
This case arises from Plaintiffs' alleged refinancing in November 2008 of their property located in Patton, Pennsylvania. (Doc. Nos. 1-4 at 2; 5 at 3). The refinance involved AmTrust Financial Corporation d/b/a AmTrust Bank (hereinafter,
Subsequently, Plaintiffs initiated this lawsuit in October 2009 in the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County against AmTrust, Ticor Insurance Services, Inc., Ticor Title Insurance Company, Fidelity National Insurance Services, Inc., and Fidelity National Financial, Inc., and Fidelity National Title Group. (See Doc. No. 1-5 at 33-34). Plaintiffs complaint alleged several different claims including breach of contract, unjust enrichment, restitution, and conversion. (Doc. No. 5 at 4). Then, on December 4, 2009, AmTrust ceased doing business and the Federal Deposit Insurance Company ("FDIC") was appointed as receiver pursuant to the Federal Financial Institutions Reformation, Recovery, and Enforcement Act of 1989 ("FIRREA"), 12 U.S.C. § 1821. (Doc. Nos. 1-4 at 7; 5 at 4). The next day, the FDIC transferred, "substantially all of the assets and almost none of the liabilities of AmTrust," to New York Community Bank pursuant to a Purchase and Assumption Agreement (the "P & A Agreement"). (Doc. No. 5 at 5). The P & A Agreement expressly stated that AmTrust's liabilities were retained by the FDIC in its capacity as receiver for AmTrust.
Plaintiffs allege that in February 2010, the FDIC provided them with notice that AmTrust no longer owned Plaintiffs' mortgage
Nationstar was added as a defendant based upon the theory that as a successor in interest to AmTrust via the FDIC, Nationstar could be held liable. (Doc. Nos. 1-9, 1-10). In May 2011, the FDIC published in the Federal Register a notice of "Determination of Insufficient Assets to Satisfy Claims Against Financial Institution in Receivership," for AmTrust Bank. (Doc. No. 3-9 at 9). Specifically, the FDIC, "determined that insufficient assets exist in the receivership of AmTrust Bank, Cleveland, Ohio, to make any distribution to general unsecured claims, and therefore such claims will recover nothing and have no value." (Id.). The FDIC provided a copy of this notice as well as a notice of improper service of litigation upon the Plaintiffs and their attorney subsequent to May 2011, but no later than February 2012. (Id. at 3-8). In this notice of improper service, the FDIC made clear the administrative process for receivership claims against AmTrust pursuant to FIRREA. (Id. at 6-8). Specifically, the FDIC spelled out in its notice that while, "[t]he time for filing administrative claims against the Receiver expired on March 10, 2010 (the "Claims Bar Date")," it would still, "consider a late filed claim under certain circumstances," and give Plaintiffs the opportunity for any submitted claim to be reviewed under the administrative process set up by FIRREA.
Subsequently, in April 2012, Plaintiffs became aware that Fannie Mae is in fact the current owner and holder of the mortgage and note, and filed a Complaint Against Additional Defendant alleging five counts against Fannie Mae. (Doc. Nos. 1-2
Defendants assert two bases for their motion to dismiss: lack of subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) and failure to state a claim under Rule 12(b)(6). Plaintiffs request that this case be remanded to Pennsylvania State Court. The Court will discuss the relevant standards below.
"At issue in a Rule 12(b)(1) motion is the court's `very power to hear the case.'" Petruska v. Gannon Univ., 462 F.3d 294, 302 (3d Cir.2006) (quoting Mortensen v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n, 549 F.2d 884, 891 (3d Cir.1977)). Consequently, a court must grant a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) if it lacks subject matter jurisdiction to hear a claim. In re Schering-Plough Corp. Intron/Temodar Consumer Class Action, 678 F.3d 235, 242-13 (3d Cir.2012). In evaluating such a motion, a court must first determine whether the movant presents a facial or factual challenge. Id. at 243 (citing Mortensen, 549 F.2d at 891).
Where a defendant brings a facial challenge, the court must accept as true the allegations contained in the complaint. See Petruska, 462 F.3d at 302. Instantly, however, Defendants have presented a factual challenge to this Court's subject matter jurisdiction by attacking this Court's jurisdictional power to hear the case. See CNA v. United States, 535 F.3d 132, 139 (3d Cir.2008) (noting that, "a factual attack concerns `the actual failure of [a plaintiffs] claims to comport [factually] with the jurisdictional prerequisites.'") (quoting United States ex rel. Atkinson v. Pa. Shipbuilding Co., 473 F.3d 506, 514 (3d Cir. 2007)). Consequently, the Court may "consider affidavits, depositions, and testimony to resolve factual issues bearing on jurisdiction." Gotha v. United States, 115 F.3d 176, 179 (3d Cir.1997); see also Mortensen, 549 F.2d at 891-92 (explaining that because a trial court's power to hear a case is at issue in a factual 12(b)(1) motion, the court is free to weigh evidence beyond the plaintiffs allegations). Additionally, "[i]n the typical `factual' attack, the plaintiffs allegations are not controlling, but are mere evidence on the issue to be considered by the trial court. The court may also consider exhibits outside the pleadings." Rhoades v. United States, 950 F.Supp. 623, 628 (D.Del.1996) (citing International Ass'n of Machinists & Aerospace Workers v. Northwest Airlines, Inc., 673 F.2d 700, 711 (3d Cir.1982)). Under this standard, "`no presumptive truthfulness attaches to plaintiffs allegations, and the existence of disputed material facts will not preclude the trial court from evaluating for itself the merits of jurisdictional claims.'" Davis v. Social Security Administration, 2003 WL 21219821, at *1 (D.Del. May 20, 2003) (quoting Carpet Group Intern. v. Oriental Rug Importers, Ass'n., 227 F.3d 62, 69 (3d Cir.2000)).
The Federal Rules of Civil Procedure require that a complaint contain "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." FED. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) allows a party to seek
While the decisions of the United States Supreme Court in Bell Atlantic Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007), and Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009), represented a significant change in federal pleading standards, the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit has provided clear guidance to district courts. To determine the sufficiency of a complaint under the pleading regime established by Twombly and Iqbal, a court must take the following three steps:
Santiago v. Warminster Twp., 629 F.3d 121, 130 (3d Cir.2010).
A claim is plausible on its face when the complaint "pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Sheridan v. NGK Metals Corp., 609 F.3d 239, 263 n. 27 (3d Cir.2010) (quoting Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937). In determining whether the well-pleaded factual allegations plausibly give rise to an entitlement for relief, the court must be mindful that the matter pleaded need not include "detailed factual allegations." See Phillips, 515 F.3d at 231 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955). Moreover, a pleading party "need only put forth allegations that `raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence of the necessary element[s].'" Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 213 (3d Cir.2009). However, the factual allegations "must be enough to raise a right to relief above the speculative level." Phillips, 515 F.3d at 232 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955). Rule 8(a)(2) "requires a `showing' rather than a blanket assertion of an entitlement to relief." Id. (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556 n. 3, 127 S.Ct. 1955). "[L]egal conclusions" and "[t]hreadbare recitals of elements of a cause of action, supported by mere conclusory statements, do not suffice" as bona fide factual material. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937. If a district court determines that a complaint is vulnerable to 12(b)(6) dismissal, the court must permit a curative amendment, irrespective of whether Plaintiff seeks leave to amend, unless such amendment would be inequitable or futile. Phillips, 515 F.3d at 236.
Section 1441 of Title 28, United States Code, governs the removal of a case to federal court. Generally, "any civil action brought in a State court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, may be removed by the defendant ..., to the district of the United States for the district and division
Defendants assert that this case must be dismissed pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction because FIRREA deprives this Court of jurisdiction to hear Plaintiffs' claims. Additionally, Defendants argue that Plaintiffs have failed to state proper breach of contract and unjust enrichment claims, and as such these should be dismissed under Rule 12(b)(6). In response, Plaintiffs have submitted a motion to remand this case to the Pennsylvania Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County, of which Defendant Fannie Mae has opposed. For the following reasons, the Court will grant Defendants' motion to dismiss on the basis of lack of subject matter jurisdiction and accordingly refrain from ruling on Defendants' 12(b)(6) grounds, and grant Plaintiffs motion to remand.
In this matter, Defendants assert a factual attack under Rule 12(b)(1) by alleging that FIRREA bars this Court from adjudicating the claims asserted by Plaintiffs. Specifically, Defendants argue, that as successor in interest to AmTrust Bank, they are entitled to FIRREA's mandatory administrative claims process once the FDIC placed the Bank into receivership. (See Doc. No. 3-1 at 9-14). Accordingly, Defendants aver, Plaintiffs' failure to exhaust the statutory remedy now bars them from bringing these claims in court.
FIRREA is a federal statute that creates a procedure for administering claims filed against failed depository institutions. See generally, Praxis Properties, Inc. v. Colonial Sav. Bank, S.L.A., 947 F.2d 49, 62-63 (3d Cir.1991). The purpose of FIRREA is to facilitate Congress' goal to, "efficiently and expeditiously resolve claims against a failed institution without any recourse to litigation." Centennial Assocs. v. FDIC, 927 F.Supp. 806, 810 (D.N.J.1996) (citing H.R. Rep. No 101-54(1), 101st Cong., 1st Sess. 418-19, reprinted in 1989 U.S.Code Cong. & Admin. News 86, 214-15). Pursuant to FIRREA, when the FDIC
For the purpose of creating an efficient process for handling claims against a failed lending institution, FIRREA requires the FDIC to provide notice of the institution's failure to the creditors of the institution and such notice directs those creditors to present their claims by a bar date specified on the notice. 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(3)(B). Claims that are not filed with the FDIC by the bar date are generally disallowed. 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(5)(C)(i). If a claim is timely filed, then the FDIC has 180 days from the filing date to either allow or disallow the claim. 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(5)(A). If the claim is not ruled upon within this time frame, or if it is denied, then the claimant has 60 days to seek administrative review or to pursue an action in district court. 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(6)(A). If the claimant, however, fails to exercise either option, then, "the claimant shall have no further rights or remedies with respect to such claim." 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(6)(B).
Because of the availability of this administrative procedure, FIRREA bars any court from exercising jurisdiction over:
12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(13)(D). Section 1821(d)(6) provides that district courts only have jurisdiction, "over claims that have first been presented to the FDIC under its administrative review process." Tri-State Hotels, Inc. v. FDIC, 79 F.3d 707, 712 (8th Cir.1996). The Third Circuit has characterized the jurisdictional bar of these statutory provisions in 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(13)(D) as, "a statutory exhaustion requirement National Union Fire Ins. Co. v. City Sav., F.S.B., 28 F.3d 376, 383 (3d Cir.1994); see also Rosa v. RTC, 938 F.2d 383, 391-92 (3d Cir.1991), cert. denied, 502 U.S. 981, 112 S.Ct. 582, 116 L.Ed.2d 608 (1991) (noting that the "statutory exhaustion requirement is indicated by the language `except as otherwise provided in this subsection.' Subsection (d) of § 1821 provides for de novo district court jurisdiction only after the filing of a claim with, and the initial processing of that claim ...."). In other words, "in order to obtain jurisdiction to bring a claim in federal court, one must exhaust this administrative process by submitting the claim to the receiver in accordance with the administrative scheme for adjudicating claims detailed in § 1821(d)." National Union Fire Ins. Co., 28 F.3d 376 at 383 (citing Rosa, 938 F.2d at 391). Thus, without exhausting the statutorily provided administration process, judicial review of claims against failed institutions is barred because a court will lack proper subject matter jurisdiction. See Decrosta v. Red Carpet Inns Intern., Inc., 767 F.Supp. 694 (E.D.Pa.1991) (granting RTC's motion to dismiss where plaintiff failed to exhaust the administrative procedures under FIRREA before filing a claim against RTC, as receiver of a failed savings institution).
Additionally, Courts have had to deal with the issue of timing with regard to the exhaustion requirement. See e.g., Brady Development Co., Inc. v. Resolution Trust Corp., 14 F.3d 998 (4th Cir.1994) (holding that claimants who have an action pending
Id. at 203.
From the outset of this analysis, it should also be noted that the jurisdictional bar outlined by FIRREA applies not only to the receiver of a failed institution's assets, but also to third-party purchasers of the assets of the failed institution. See e.g., In re Stewart, 473 B.R. 612 (W.D.Pa. 2012) (noting that "the jurisdictional bar outlined by FIRREA applies not only to the receiver of a failed institution's assets, but also to third-party purchasers of the assets of the failed institution."). Allowing claimants to avoid the jurisdictional bar imposed by FIRREA simply by asserting their claims against a successor in interest, "would encourage the very litigation that FIRREA aimed to avoid." Village of Oakwood v. State Bank and Trust Co., 539 F.3d 373 (6th Cir.2008) (internal citations omitted).
Not only does the case sub judice involve various claims against a failed financial institution, but the suit involves claims that were asserted prior to the appointment of FDIC as receiver for AmTrust Bank. Indeed, all claims asserted by Plaintiffs arise from the same alleged failure of Fidelity Closing Services, LLC to properly transfer the refinancing funds to Plaintiffs. By initially bringing these claims against AmTrust, Plaintiffs essentially present an argument that the owner of the mortgage and note, is responsible for the alleged misconduct of the closing agent. With the placement of AmTrust in receivership and the subsequent sale of the mortgage and note and the loan servicing rights, Plaintiffs alleged that Nationstar and Fannie Mae must be held liable for Fidelity Closing Service's failure to make these funds available.
While Plaintiffs have listed six different defendants in this cause of action, there is an underlying discrepancy over who is the proper party to be held accountable should these claims be found true. Assuming arguendo, however, for purposes of Defendants' instant motion that Nationstar and Fannie Mae would be the proper parties against whom Plaintiffs can seek a remedy for the alleged misconduct of the closing agent,
Here, Plaintiffs originally instituted this case against AmTrust and other named defendants in October 2009, prior to the failure of AmTrust. When AmTrust failed in December 2009, it was placed into receivership pursuant to 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(2)(A)(i), and the FDIC subsequently sold most of the bank's assets to certain successors in interest, including the New York Community Bank. Additionally, the servicing rights to the Plaintiffs' Loan were transferred from the FDIC to Nationstar in September 2010, thus making them a successor in interest to AmTrust, but only in regard to the servicing rights.
Once the receivership had been put in place by the FDIC, though, the various sections of FIRREA were triggered. The statute's required claims process was one such section among others. Importantly, upon learning of Plaintiffs' outstanding lawsuit against AmTrust, the FDIC in February 2012 filed with the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County a Notice of Improper Service. This notice provided both the Court and the Plaintiffs with the knowledge that AmTrust was no longer a functioning financial institution against which claims could be either brought or continued. More importantly, the FDIC sent notice to Plaintiffs informing them of the claims process pursuant to FIRREA, through which they could assert claims against the failed institution. What is interesting here, is that while there is no indication as to the date of the letter on which the FDIC provided notice to the Plaintiffs through their attorney, they did provide the option to the Plaintiffs to file a late claim, noting that while the March 10, 2010 claims bar date had passed, the "Receiver may, in its sole discretion, consider a late filed claim under certain circumstances." (Doc. No. 3-9 at 6). Additionally, with this letter, the FDIC provided a copy of the notice published in the Federal Register on May 11, 2011, which stated it had determined there were insufficient assets to satisfy claims against AmTrust. Thus, despite having instituted a pre-receivership claim in court against AmTrust, Plaintiffs were ultimately given notice of the receivership and the claims process, as required under 12 U.S.C. § 1821(d)(3)(B)(C). Accordingly, this Court finds that because such notice had been provided to Plaintiffs, it was therefore necessary for
There is no indication, however, that Plaintiffs in fact filed a proof of claim — even a late filed claim — with the FDIC for review of the alleged misconduct on the part of AmTrust. While Plaintiffs allege in their Complaint Against Additional Defendant that the FDIC notified them that AmTrust no longer owned the mortgage and note in February 2010, they fail to assert any facts that indicate they filed a notice of claim with the FDIC pursuant to the administrative remedy provisions of FIRREA. (See Doc. No. 1-2 at 7-8). As Defendants have alleged, and provided accompanying documentation evidencing the fact that the FDIC notified Plaintiffs of the mandatory claims process to which the Plaintiffs never availed themselves, this Court must find that Plaintiffs in fact did not file any proof of claim with the FDIC regarding their allegations against AmTrust. Thus, pursuant to section 1821(d)(5)(C)(i), any claims against AmTrust, the FDIC, and any subsequent successors in interest, are permanently disallowed. For these reasons, the failure on the part of Plaintiffs to exhaust the available administrative remedies provided by the FDIC through FIRREA both bars claims being raised against Defendants and deprives this Court of jurisdiction in this case. See Brady Development Co., Inc., 14 F.3d at 1006 (explaining that, "[e]xhaustion of administrative remedies is a requirement for efficiently administering the massive volume of claims. Numerous district courts have reached the same conclusion.").
The instant motion to dismiss for lack of subject matter jurisdiction is granted with respect to only Defendants Nationstar and Fannie Mae. Consequently, the Court will refrain from considering Defendants' Rule 12(b)(6) motion because it has determined that Plaintiffs cannot properly assert these claims in this Court against Nationstar and Fannie Mae as successors in interest to AmTrust. Thus, the claims asserted against Defendants Nationstar and Fannie Mae are dismissed, including Counts I, II, III, IV, V of Plaintiffs' Amended Complaint against Nationstar Mortgage, LLC; Counts VI, VII, VIII,
In their Motion to Remand Case (Doc. No. 6), Plaintiffs assert that removal by defendant Fannie Mae was improper because
Plaintiffs challenge Fannie Mae's basis for removal under 12 U.S.C. 1723a(a). (See id. at 2). Specifically, they contend that the language of the statute, "does not mandate removal of actions to the United States District Courts," but rather that the statute's plain language provides a permissive, and not mandatory, basis to be heard in any court of competent jurisdiction, whether it be state or federal. (Id.). While Defendant Fannie Mae offers a rejoinder to Plaintiffs' argument, noting that case law, "explicitly hold[s] that Section 1723a(a) does indeed provide for removal by Fannie Mae and the jurisdiction of the Federal Courts," and is consistent with the legislative history of the statute, this Court will refrain from determining whether remand is proper on this basis. (Doc. No. 11 at 5). Because this Court has determined that Defendants Nationstar and Fannie Mae are shielded by FIRREA from Plaintiffs' claims and are no longer part of this action, and because 12 U.S.C. 1723a(a) applies specifically to Fannie Mae, the Court finds that Fannie Mae's federal subject matter jurisdiction basis is no longer proper in this case. In light of this, the Court must now determine whether this case can survive Plaintiffs' motion to remand on the basis of diversity jurisdiction.
Plaintiffs assert that complete diversity does not exist in this case because one of the Defendants is a citizen of Pennsylvania — as are the Plaintiffs. As such, they contend, the case should be remanded to the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (See Doc. No. 6 at 2). Specifically, Plaintiffs assert, "Fidelity Closing Services, LLC is currently registered with the Pennsylvania Department of State as a Pennsylvania Domestic Limited Liability Company ...." (Id. at 3). Despite this averment and Plaintiffs' continued listing of Fidelity Closing Services, LLC as a party to this action, this Court notes that Fidelity Closing Services, LLC has never appeared either in the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County or in this Court. While this Court believes that Fidelity Closing Services, LLC is now a defunct entity due to its illegal activities and the subsequent imprisonment of its primary — and perhaps only — corporate officer, the Court will base its determination of the motion to remand, not on this basis, but rather the amount in controversy requirement of diversity jurisdiction.
Section 1332 of Title 28, United States Code, provides that "[t]he district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between — (1) citizens of different States." 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a)(1). As for the second requirement, the sum in controversy must be more than $75,000 in order for diversity jurisdiction to be possible. Here, after this Court's dismissal of the claims against Nationstar and Fannie Mae, there are only remaining counts against Chicago Title Insurance
Furthermore, with regard to the status of Fidelity Closing Services, LLC in this case, the Court finds its necessary to make a determination as to their continued involvement going forward. Rather than delve into determining whether Fidelity Closing Services, LLC is still an active or now defunct entity, this Court will address the issue of whether the Defendant was properly served in this case. Under the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure, Rule 424 requires that, "[s]ervice of original process upon a corporation or similar entity shall be made by handing a copy to any of the following persons provided the person served is not a plaintiff in the action: (1) an executive officer, partner or trustee of the corporation ... (2) the manager, clerk or other person ... in charge... or (3) an agent authorized by the corporation ...." Pa. R. Civ. P. 424. The rules specifically rule out service by mail of a complaint on a corporation. See McElhone v. Beazer East, Inc., 2011 WL 1599644, Civ. A. No. 06-1111 (W.D.Pa. April 27, 2011) (noting that Plaintiff failed to properly serve defendant-corporation because Pennsylvania law requires the complaint to be hand delivered).
There is no indication here that Plaintiffs ever properly served Defendant Fidelity Closing Services, LLC by hand delivering the summons and complaint to the corporation. Indeed, Plaintiffs named Fidelity Closing Services, LLC as a defendant almost two and a half years after initiating this matter, and only upon the Court of Common Pleas' Order regarding preliminary objections (See Doc. No. 1-30 at 15); however, no proof of service was ever filed with regard to Fidelity Closing Services, LLC. (See Doc No. 1-5 at 48). Even further, Fidelity Closing Services, LLC has not filed any responsive pleading or made any appearance in this case. Additionally, Plaintiffs have also attempted to send filings to the federal correctional institution, where the primary officer is now incarcerated, rather than to the listed registered office address, which has been alleged by Defendants to no longer be the proper address for the place of business of Fidelity Closing Services, LLC. More importantly, despite Plaintiffs attempts to serve the corporation, there is no indication they did so by the hand delivery, as required under the Pennsylvania Rules of Civil Procedure. For these reasons, this Court finds that Fidelity Closing Services, LLC has not been properly served in this proceeding and is not a party to the case. The remaining parties should accordingly amend the caption in this case to reflect this determination. Thus, the only remaining defendants to this action are Chicago Title Insurance Company and Fidelity National Financial, Inc. Additionally the only remaining counts are Counts XI (conversion) and XII (vicarious liability) of Plaintiffs' amended complaint.
The Court thus determines that the remaining counts against the remaining defendants shall be remanded to the Court of Common Pleas of Cambria County, Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
For the foregoing reasons, Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (Doc. No. 3) is
Additionally, upon consideration of Plaintiffs' Motion to Remand Case (Doc. No. 6), it is