Justice INDEGLIA, for the Court.
George Bouffard (Bouffard or defendant) appeals from an order partly denying his motion to correct his sentence under Rule 35 of the Superior Court Rules of Criminal Procedure. On appeal, the defendant challenges the resulting restructure of his sentencing package by the hearing justice upon the determination that the particular sentence at issue was either illegal or illegally imposed. This case came before the Supreme Court for oral argument on October 27, 2011, pursuant to an order directing the parties to appear and show cause why the issues raised in this appeal should not be summarily decided. After reviewing the record and considering the parties' written and oral submissions, we are satisfied that cause has not been shown, and we proceed to decide the appeal without further briefing or argument. For the reasons set forth in this opinion, we affirm the order of the Superior Court.
An analysis of Bouffard's arguments on appeal requires review of the charges, convictions, pleas and sentences that have shaped his criminal history and accompanying sentencing profile over the last two decades.
On September 23, 1991, Bouffard entered pleas of nolo contendere to charges of aiding and abetting and conspiracy to commit extortion in Superior Court case number P2/91-1454A (the 1991 case). As to the charge of aiding and abetting, the court imposed a sentence of fifteen years, the first six years to serve and the remaining nine years suspended, with nine years of probation. In regard to the conspiracy charge, the court imposed a sentence of ten years, defendant to serve six years, with four years suspended and four years of probation. The court directed that the sentences run concurrently and apply retroactively to April 10, 1991. Bouffard served his six-year term of incarceration imposed in the 1991 case at the Adult Correctional Institutions (ACI) and was released in April 1997.
Within three months of his release, Bouffard was arrested and charged with breaking and entering into a dwelling. As a result of this charge, Bouffard was presented in the Superior Court on July 29, 1997, as a violator of his probation originating from the 1991 case. Ultimately, Bouffard waived a violation hearing and, on the breaking-and-entering charge, he entered a plea of nolo contendere on September 12, 1997, in Superior Court case number P2/97-3061A (the 1997 case), resulting in the imposition of a ten-year sentence—three years to serve and seven years suspended, with seven years of probation to commence upon his release from the ACI.
After serving six years at the ACI for the June 2000 crime, Bouffard was released, only to find himself faced with yet another breaking-and-entering charge in July 2006.
Prior to this Court's affirmance of Bouffard's violation in 2008, the state, on April 3, 2007, dismissed the underlying breaking-and-entering charge set forth in the 2006 case.
After considering the parties' written memoranda and argument at the Rule 35 hearing, the hearing justice issued a written decision that deemed the challenged sentence as illegal or illegally imposed, but he nonetheless restructured Bouffard's
In reviewing Bouffard's challenge, the hearing justice likewise found the sentence at issue to be imposed in an illegal manner, based on the "failure to apply any time to serve against all of the sentences upon which [Bouffard] had been presented as a violator" in 2001, in conjunction with the magistrate's imposition of seven years to serve on the violation against the 1997 case in December 2006. In essence, the hearing justice agreed with Bouffard's contention that the magistrate in 2006 had in effect imposed a consecutive sentence, which extended the original sentence in the 1997 case, in excess of his statutory authority under § 12-19-9.
Despite his findings concerning the illegality of Bouffard's sentence, the hearing justice ultimately resentenced Bouffard to seven years to serve for the 2006 violation based on the re-bundling concept adopted by this Court in State v. Goncalves, 941 A.2d 842 (R.I.2008). Pursuant to Goncalves, a hearing justice who corrects an illegal sentence may modify "the entire initial sentencing package to preserve the originally intended sentencing
On appeal, Bouffard challenges only the portion of the hearing justice's ruling in regard to the re-bundling of his sentencing package. Specifically, Bouffard contends that the hearing justice lacked resentencing authority because he was not the original sentencing magistrate who imposed the alleged illegal sentence and, therefore, could not (and did not) effectuate the magistrate's original sentencing intent upon restructuring the sentencing scheme. In arguing that the hearing justice failed to conform to the original intent of the sentencing plan, Bouffard points to the magistrate's decision to "refuse[ ] to revoke on the 2000 case even though the prosecutor specifically requested such."
Additionally, Bouffard maintains that his case falls outside the parameters of Goncalves because the state ultimately dismissed the underlying charge that formed the basis of his December 2006 probation violation hearing.
In reply, the state contends that Goncalves does not preclude a second justice from performing the re-bundling of a sentencing scheme to effectuate the intent of an original sentencing justice. The state argues that the hearing justice did indeed retain such original intent in sentencing Bouffard to seven years to serve through his re-bundling effort, particularly in light of Bouffard's "voluminous criminal history" of which the original sentencing magistrate would have been made aware. The state contests Bouffard's attempt to factually distinguish his case from the circumstances considered in Goncalves, arguing that the magistrate's continuation of Bouffard on the suspended sentence in the 2000 case followed from his choice to remove the suspension on the seven-year sentence in the 1997 case, and was not based on an adamancy to leave the 2000 case sentence intact. The state further argues that the eventual dismissal of the underlying charge in the 2006 case was not relevant to the hearing justice's preservation of the originally intended sentencing scheme in his re-bundling endeavor.
Although not raised by Bouffard in this appeal, the state avers that no re-bundling was even necessary in this case because the sentencing justice, in May 2001, properly
"A ruling on a motion to correct sentence is committed to the sound discretion of the hearing justice, and his or her decision will normally be disturbed `only when the sentence is without justification.'" Curtis v. State, 996 A.2d 601, 604 (R.I.2010) (quoting State v. Brown, 755 A.2d 124, 125 (R.I.2000)). Thus, this Court's review of such a ruling is "limited," State v. Ruffner, 5 A.3d 864, 867 (R.I.2010) (quoting Curtis, 996 A.2d at 603-04), particularly in light of our "strong policy against interfering with a trial justice's discretion in sentencing matters." State v. Mendoza, 958 A.2d 1159, 1161 (R.I.2008) (quoting State v. Tavera, 936 A.2d 599, 600 (R.I.2007) (mem.)). When faced with the interpretation of statutes and court rules upon review of a Rule 35 motion, however, we apply a de novo standard. Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 847.
Underpinning Bouffard's challenge to the re-bundling of his sentencing structure is his argument on appeal that the hearing justice lacked the requisite authority to perform the re-bundling analysis and impose the reconstructed sentence, thus precluding the application of Goncalves to his case. A review of our holding in Goncalves, however, reveals that Bouffard's contention is without merit.
In Goncalves, we considered a hearing justice's authority under Rule 35(a) to modify his original order concerning the defendant's sentence to serve three years on a 2002 conviction for violating his probation and to continue him on a four-year suspended sentence in a 2003 matter. Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 845, 847. Subsequent to that original order, the defendant's sentence on the underlying 2002 conviction was corrected to two years suspended from three years; consequently, the defendant moved to also correct the order to serve three years on the 2002 conviction issued by the probation-violation hearing justice. Id. at 845. During hearing, the defendant argued that the order to serve three years on the 2002 conviction was illegal based on the correction of the underlying suspended sentence to two years and that the corrected two-year suspended sentence had been completed by the time the order was issued. Additionally, the defendant argued that "the hearing justice could not modify his order to require [the] defendant to serve any of the 2003 sentence, because the hearing justice already had continued the original suspension and no longer had jurisdiction to modify that disposition." Id. The hearing justice
The defendant's appeal of the hearing justice's re-bundling in Goncalves presented an issue of first impression for this Court. Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 847. After reviewing the holdings of neighboring jurisdictions for guidance, we embraced the practice of sentence re-bundling. Id. at 847-48. In so doing, we held that "a hearing justice who corrects an illegal sentence pursuant to Rule 35(a) may correct the entire initial sentencing package to preserve the originally intended sentencing scheme, so long as the corrected sentence does not exceed the sentence originally imposed." Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 848. After confirming that the hearing justice in Goncalves "explicitly attempt[ed] to preserve the intent of his original sentencing scheme" and that the new order issued did not exceed the total time the defendant was originally ordered to serve, this Court upheld the hearing justice's reconstruction of the defendant's sentence. Id.
Although the re-bundling justice in Goncalves also was the original sentencing justice, our holding in that case by no means limits the practice of re-bundling to such a distinct situation. On the contrary, Goncalves requires only that a hearing justice who corrects an illegal sentence by modifying a sentencing scheme do so in a manner that preserves the original sentencing intent without exceeding the sentence originally imposed. Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 848 (emphasis added). Thus, it is the intent of the original sentencing court that lies at the heart of the re-bundling analysis, and that intent may be permissibly ascertained by another justice of that court should the need arise. Moreover, practical considerations command that we refrain from inflicting such a restriction upon a lower court's re-bundling capabilities under Rule 35. Our courts are consistently confronted with the retirement and untimely passing of members of the judiciary. Eliminating a court's ability to reconstruct a defendant's sentencing package upon the determination of an illegal or illegally-imposed sentence, solely because the original sentencing justice is unavailable, tethers the court's remedial competences unnecessarily. This Court declines to enable the materialization of such a restraint and rejects Bouffard's contention accordingly.
On appeal, Bouffard criticizes the hearing justice's reconstruction of his sentencing package, arguing (1) that the resentencing failed to conform to the magistrate's original sentencing intent and (2) that the new sentence did not "fit" the crime, given the state's dismissal of the underlying charge that formed the basis of his probation violation. We find both of Bouffard's contentions equally unavailing.
A review of the record reveals that the hearing justice appropriately modified the original sentence, despite any dispute about its illegality or illegal imposition. In assessing the magistrate's original sentencing intent, the hearing justice, citing State v. Christodal, 946 A.2d 811, 815 (R.I.2008),
Bouffard also challenges whether his modified sentence fit "`both crime and criminal'" at the time of re-bundling given the state's ultimate dismissal of the underlying breaking-and-entering charge in the 2006 case on April 3, 2007. See Goncalves, 941 A.2d at 848. In essence, Bouffard contends that his punishment—the seven years to serve imposed by the hearing justice—no longer fit the crime and should have been reduced. However, it is well settled that "[t]he only issue at a revocation hearing is whether a defendant has breached a condition of his probation by failing to keep the peace or remain on good behavior." State v. Snell, 861 A.2d 1029, 1030-31 (R.I.2004) (quoting State v. Summerour, 850 A.2d 948, 951 (R.I.2004)). Accordingly, this Court has upheld a hearing justice's finding of a probation violation despite the dismissal of the underlying charge forming the basis of the violation. See State v. Jackson, 966 A.2d 1225, 1230 (R.I.2009).
Because the hearing justice properly re-bundled Bouffard's sentencing scheme, we need not consider whether he appropriately deemed Bouffard's December 2006 sentence as illegal or illegally imposed. However, we emphasize that our holding in Studman, 468 A.2d at 920, was not intended for application in a manner that produces the outcome propounded by Bouffard, despite his ability to rally the hearing justice to his cause.
For the reasons stated in this opinion, we affirm the judgment of the Superior Court. The record shall be remanded to the Superior Court.