GILBERTSON, Chief Justice.
[¶ 1.] Robert Wagner (Wagner) appeals a judgment for Jeanie Weekley (Weekley) in her action for breach of fiduciary duty in the administration of an estate. We affirm.
[¶ 2.] This is the fourth appeal in connection with the estate of Walter L. Brownlee, Sr. (Brownlee). See In re Estate of Brownlee (Brownlee I), 2002 S.D. 142, 654 N.W.2d 206; Wagner v. Brownlee (Brownlee II), 2006 S.D. 38, 713 N.W.2d 592; Weekley v. Prostrollo (Brownlee III), 2010 S.D. 13, 778 N.W.2d 823. The historical facts have been set forth in our prior decisions and are recounted here. Brownlee died testate on August 17, 1997. Before his death, Brownlee created a trust for the benefit of his children and grandchildren. He also attempted to transfer some heavy construction equipment he owned to his son Randy (Randy) by a bill-of-sale.
[¶ 3.] Brownlee's will was filed for probate on September 3, 1997. Jerry Prostrollo (Prostrollo) was appointed as Brownlee's personal representative on September 24. Brownlee's will devised his certificates of deposit, his residence, and most of his personal property to Weekley, his long-time companion. Most of Brownlee's estate, however, passed into the trust he had created for the benefit of his children and grandchildren.
[¶ 4.] After Brownlee's death, disagreements arose between Weekley and Brownlee's children. There was a dispute over
[¶ 5.] This Court entered its decision in Brownlee I on November 20, 2002. We affirmed the circuit court's disallowance of the transfer of the construction equipment to Randy and further held the state inheritance taxes and federal estate taxes should be apportioned among the beneficiaries. Following our decision, the estate commenced an action against Randy and Weekley to recover the construction equipment and apportion the taxes. Weekley counterclaimed for interest on her unpaid devise of the certificates of deposit and also sought interest on $25,000 in personal funds she had provided to help administer the estate. In addition, she sought an award of more than $76,000 in attorney's fees incurred in the estate litigation, including the prior appeal. The circuit court granted Weekley's request for attorney's fees related to her efforts in setting aside the transfer of the construction equipment, but denied her request for interest on her unpaid devise and the $25,000 she had provided to help administer the estate. Weekley appealed the circuit court's decision to this Court in Brownlee II.
[¶ 6.] This Court issued its decision in Brownlee II on April 12, 2006. We affirmed the circuit court's denial of Weekley's attorney's fees relating to the tax apportionment issue and denied her request for her appellate attorney's fees in Brownlee I on procedural grounds. We also held that the circuit court erred in denying Weekley interest on her unpaid devise and on the $25,000 she had provided for administration of the estate. In addition, we awarded Weekley one-half her request for appellate attorney's fees for Brownlee II.
[¶ 7.] In May 2006, following Brownlee II, Weekley entered into a stipulated judgment against the estate for $168,223.74, plus post-judgment interest, representing the amount Weekley was owed for her devise, her attorney's fees, her appellate attorney's fees, and interest due to the delay in receiving her devise. In August 2006, Weekley brought suit against both Prostrollo and Wagner for breach of their fiduciary duties in administering the estate.
[¶ 8.] Weekley's lawsuit was tried to the circuit court in January 2008. The parties did not dispute that the estate owed Weekley $168,223.74, however, the estate did not have the funds to pay her. Weekley argued that because Prostrollo and Wagner negligently handled certain affairs of the estate, breaching their fiduciary duties, they should be jointly and severally liable for the loss she suffered. The circuit court found neither Prostrollo nor Wagner were negligent in their handling of the tax issues concerning the estate. It further found Prostrollo was not negligent for failure to take possession of, or to preserve the construction equipment because Brownlee I, which decided ownership
[¶ 9.] With regard to Wagner, the circuit court found his failure to inspect, inventory, collect, and manage the construction equipment after issuance of Brownlee I was a breach of his fiduciary duty.
[¶ 10.] This Court issued its decision in Brownlee III on February 10, 2010.
[¶ 11.] Following this Court's remand in Brownlee III, the circuit court accepted briefs on the damages issue and conducted a hearing on October 29, 2010. The court subsequently entered a memorandum opinion and findings of fact and conclusions of law incorporating its memorandum and calculating Weekley's damages. Based upon its calculations, the court entered its judgment for Weekley on December 29, 2010. The court awarded her damages against Wagner in the amount of $82,535.14 for her unpaid devise, plus prejudgment interest from November 25, 2003, through November 2, 2010, in the amount of $57,299.74, and post-judgment interest commencing November 3, 2010, for a total judgment amount of $139,834.88. Wagner appeals.
[¶ 12.]
[¶ 13.] "[T]he amount of damages to be awarded is a factual issue to be determined by the trier of fact." Roth v. Farner-Bocken Co., 2003 S.D. 80, ¶ 26, 667 N.W.2d 651, 662 (quoting Estate of Pamela He Crow v. Jensen, 494 N.W.2d 186, 192 (S.D.1992)); see also Lord v. Hy-Vee Food Stores, 2006 S.D. 70, ¶ 31, 720 N.W.2d 443, 454 (stating an award of damages is a factual issue). "Damages must be reasonable and must be proved with reasonable certainty." Lord, 2006 S.D. 70, ¶ 31, 720 N.W.2d at 454. Reasonable certainty "requires proof of a rational basis for measuring loss," without requiring the trier of fact to speculate. Id. This Court reviews the issue of damages under the clearly erroneous standard. Roth, 2003 S.D. 80, ¶ 26, 667 N.W.2d at 662 (citing He Crow, 494 N.W.2d at 192).
[¶ 14.] Wagner essentially repeats his argument from Brownlee III in this appeal. He asserts Weekley failed to prove her damages with reasonable certainty and that the record contains no evidence permitting any rational estimate of the
[¶ 15.] "[A] question of law decided by [this Court] on a former appeal becomes the law of the case in all its subsequent stages and will not ordinarily be considered or reversed on a second appeal when the facts and the questions of law presented are substantially the same." Bertelsen v. Allstate Ins. Co., 2011 S.D. 13, ¶ 18, 796 N.W.2d 685, 693 (quoting In re Estate of Siebrasse, 2006 S.D. 83, ¶ 16, 722 N.W.2d 86, 90). Based upon the law of the case doctrine, we will not reconsider Wagner's recycled arguments from Brownlee III in this appeal. As to the propriety of the damages award, the circuit court carefully adhered to this Court's decision in Brownlee III in calculating damages on remand. It referenced a number of statements from this Court's decision in its own memorandum decision and in its findings of fact and conclusions of law. The court also focused on the conclusion in Brownlee III that, "Wagner's inaction damaged Weekley to the extent of her unpaid devise and interest thereon." 2010 S.D. 13, ¶ 28, 778 N.W.2d at 831. Finding that Wagner had stipulated in proceedings leading to the judgment entered after Brownlee II that Weekley's unpaid devise was $82,535.14, the court awarded Weekley that amount as damages.
[¶ 16.] Also consistent with this Court's instructions in Brownlee III, the circuit court awarded Weekley interest on her unpaid devise in the amount of $57,299.74. This represented interest at the Category B statutory rate (SDCL 54-3-16(2)) commencing on November 25, 2003, one year after Wagner's appointment as successor personal representative. The court found the one-year delay for commencing interest represented sufficient time for Wagner to "expeditiously and efficiently account, inventory, preserve and collect the assets of the estate, including the construction equipment." The unpaid devise of $82,535.14 plus the interest of $57,299.74 after November 25, 2003, yielded the total judgment amount of $139,834.88.
[¶ 17.] Wagner relies on a single sentence in the closing paragraph of Brownlee III as the foundation for his appellate argument. In its closing, this Court remanded the case to the circuit court to calculate damages with the qualification that, "Wagner is not liable for the entirety of Weekley's lost devise and interest, but only the portion attributable to his inactions." Brownlee III, 2010 S.D. 13, ¶ 29, 778 N.W.2d at 831. Wagner argues the lack of evidence in the record as to the value of the construction equipment one year after his appointment as personal representative (i.e., at the time of his breach) rendered it impossible for the circuit court to calculate the portion of Weekley's lost devise "attributable to his inactions." Accordingly, he contends Weekley's damages could not be calculated with reasonable certainty even by resolving any doubt against Wagner as the breaching party as also mandated by Brownlee III. Id. ¶ 28.
[¶ 18.] The circuit court held Wagner liable for the entirety of Weekley's unpaid devise, i.e., $82,535.14. However, only if the construction equipment would have sold for enough to cover the unpaid devise one year after Wagner's appointment as personal representative (i.e., in November 2003) would Wagner's further delay in recovering and selling the equipment be responsible for the entirety of the unpaid devise. If the equipment would have sold for less at that time, holding Wagner liable for the entire unpaid devise would violate this Court's charge in Brownlee III that Wagner be held liable only for "the portion [of the lost devise] attributable to his inactions." Id. ¶ 29.
[¶ 20.] Wagner testified that when he became personal representative, it was both his and Foley's opinion that there was not going to be enough to pay Weekley even with the equipment. Therefore, Wagner elected to negotiate with Randy for Randy to purchase the equipment. Wagner testified he began negotiations with Randy in April 2003. Wagner reported by letter to Weekley's counsel in June 2003 that if Randy purchased the equipment there would be sufficient funds to pay Weekley. However, at trial, Wagner disputed Randy's $140,000 offer for the equipment, indicating that the offer was made before his time as personal representative. Wagner testified Randy was offering $120,000 in June of 2003 to "settle everything," "the federal estate tax, the use of the equipment, and the equipment." Ultimately, Wagner testified at trial that, in his opinion, the value of the equipment when he took over as personal representative was $37,750, the gross amount it ultimately sold for in September 2006.
[¶ 21.] Prostrollo, a long-time auto dealer, also testified during trial. Although he did not provide any testimony as to the specific value of the equipment at the pertinent time, it is notable that his testimony indicated he was familiar with the equipment when Brownlee was alive, that it was "good equipment," and that it was "worth the money that it was [originally] appraised for and then some probably."
[¶ 22.] A circuit court's findings are clearly erroneous when, after a review of all the evidence, this Court is "left with a definite and firm conviction that a mistake [has been] made." Russo v. Takata Corp., 2009 S.D. 83, ¶ 25, 774 N.W.2d 441, 448. In making its determination, this Court reviews "the evidence in a light most favorable to the [circuit] court's findings and resolve[s] all conflicts in the evidence in its favor[.]" Phipps v. First Fed. Sav. & Loan Ass'n of Beresford, 438 N.W.2d 814, 819 (S.D.1989). Moreover, in this particular case, any lack of exactitude in the circuit court's calculation of damages was because of Wagner's delay in timely recovering and selling the estate's construction equipment. Thus, any doubt as to the certainty of damages must be resolved against Wagner as the breaching party whose acts made computing damages more difficult. See Brownlee III, 2010 S.D. 13, ¶¶ 28-29, 778 N.W.2d at 831.
[¶ 23.] Based upon these standards and the foregoing evidence and testimony, we hold that the circuit court's damages award is not clearly erroneous. Both Foley's and Wagner's testimony generally supports the view that, had Wagner timely recovered and sold the estate's construction equipment by November 2003, the proceeds would have been sufficient to cover
[¶ 24.] Weekley's counsel has filed a motion for an award of appellate attorney's fees in the amount of $2,973.30. Although counsel has submitted an itemized statement of legal services rendered per SDCL 15-26A-87.3, he has cited no authority for an award of fees on a claim of negligence and breach of fiduciary duty by a personal representative. Therefore, as in Brownlee III, the motion for fees is waived. 2010 S.D. 13, ¶ 30, 778 N.W.2d at 831.
[¶ 25.] Affirmed.
[¶ 26.] SEVERSON, Justice, and MEIERHENRY, Retired Justice, concur.
[¶ 28.] WILBUR, Justice, did not participate.
KONENKAMP, Justice (dissenting).
[¶ 29.] Once again, we should remand this case because the circuit court failed to determine with reasonable certainty the extent of Weekley's damages attributable to Wagner's breach. Even though doubts in calculating such damages are to be resolved against Wagner, the circuit court was still required to identify evidence to support how Wagner's breach with respect to the equipment damaged Weekley. After our last remand, however, the court merely quoted language from Brownlee III and concluded that Weekley was in fact damaged by Wagner to the full extent of her devise. The court then valued Weekley's devise based on a stipulation Wagner executed in his capacity as personal representative of the Estate. How that stipulation proves that Wagner's inaction with respect to the equipment caused $82,535.14 in damages to Weekley is not evident from the court's findings of fact and conclusions of law.
[¶ 30.] A possible reason the circuit court failed to analyze the evidence to reach a damages valuation can be found in the court's statement in its memorandum decision that "[t]he issue to be determined in this case was the amount of compensation to be awarded to the defendant for the breach of duty to provide her with her devise." Brownlee III, however, held that Wagner breached his duty to take possession of or preserve the equipment after Brownlee I. 2010 S.D. 13, ¶ 29, 778 N.W.2d 823, 831. We further recognized that while that breach damaged Weekley, it did not necessarily damage her to the full extent of her devise. Indeed, Wagner is only liable to Weekley for $82,535.14 if the equipment would have sold for $82,535.14 or more a year after Wagner was appointed as the personal representative. Looking at the court's memorandum decision, findings of fact and conclusions of law, there is no evidence cited on the value of the equipment. Because the circuit court did not identify evidence to support its damages award, the court failed to follow this Court's directive from Brownlee III, and the case should be reversed and remanded.
ZINTER, Justice (dissenting).
[¶ 31.] Weekley's damage theory is that if "the construction equipment [had] been timely collected and preserved there would have been sufficient sums to pay Weekley her [entire] devise and pay the costs of administration and debts of the estate." There is no dispute that the only alleged delay occurred between November 2003 and September 2006. Had I participated
[¶ 32.] But if we are to follow Brownlee III, we must follow all of it, especially Brownlee III's mandate that on remand Weekley had the duty to prove damages with reasonable certainty. This Court very clearly warned that "Wagner [was] not liable for the entirety of Weekley's lost devise and interest, but only the portion attributable to his inactions. Accordingly, the matter [was] remanded for the circuit court to determine with reasonable certainty Weekley's damages consistent with this opinion." Id. ¶ 29 (majority opinion).
[¶ 33.] Notwithstanding this explicit mandate, on remand, Weekley identified no evidence from which one could attribute the portion of the devise that was lost due to Wagner's inaction in collecting and selling the equipment from 2003 to 2006. Instead, Weekley continued to take the position that she had no duty to prove her theory of damages.
[¶ 34.] In this appeal, Weekley continues with her argument that she had no duty to prove causally related damages. Thus, she fails to even cite evidence from the trial or remand hearing that could support a claim that the value of the equipment declined by any amount between 2003 and 2006. Although this Court relies on testimony from Foley and Wagner to support a diminution in value claim, that testimony was not relied upon by either Weekley in her brief to this Court or the circuit court in its findings of fact and conclusions of law following the hearing on remand. That is most likely because Foley's and Wagner's testimony does not establish that the failure to pay the entire amount of the unpaid devise was attributable to a devaluation of the equipment occurring between 2003 and 2006.
[¶ 35.] In the first trial, Wagner did testify that Randy Brownlee offered $120,000 in June 2003 to "settle everything," which included the purchase of the equipment. Foley also indicated that Randy made an offer of $140,000 in May 2003, which would have been enough to pay Weekley's devise. However, the record reflects that at the time of those offers, the estate was also suing Randy for attorney's fees, compensation for his use of the equipment, interest, and a substantial federal estate tax obligation Randy had failed to pay. And, neither Foley nor Wagner was asked to separate the amount offered for the equipment from the amount offered to settle all other claims against Randy. Therefore, Wagner's and Foley's testimony
[¶ 36.] Moreover, the question in this appeal is whether on remand from Brownlee III, the circuit court's findings now identify with reasonable certainty that the equipment declined in value between 2003 and 2006 in an amount equal to or exceeding Weekley's unpaid devise. This Court finds in the affirmative, concluding that the circuit court was not "clearly erroneous." Supra ¶ 23. But the clearly erroneous standard of review does not apply because the circuit court entered no evidentiary "findings of fact" supporting that conclusion. The circuit court's material "findings" consist of nothing but conclusions of law, i.e., quotations from Brownlee III.
[¶ 37.] The Court contends that the circuit court's "findings" are sufficient because they "echoed [Brownlee III] and other language quoted from [that decision]." See supra note 4. The Court also indicates that the circuit court should be affirmed because no retrial was ordered, and the evidence today's majority identifies (the Wagner and Foley evidence) together with the presumptions against Wagner are "sufficient to determine Weekley's damages." See id. The Court is incorrect.
[¶ 38.] First, as previously mentioned, the Wagner and Foley evidence was not relied upon by the circuit court, and even if it was, it does not establish the amount the equipment declined in value during the relevant three-year period. More importantly, relying upon the predecessors to SDCL 15-6-52, this Court has long held that "[w]hen issues of fact are triable by the court, the parties are entitled to a finding of fact upon each material issue of ultimate fact properly presented by the pleadings." Ellens v. Lind, 65 S.D. 620, 277 N.W. 40, 42 (1937). But the circuit court's quotations from Brownlee III are insufficient as a matter of law to constitute findings of fact. SDCL 15-6-52(a) requires that "[i]n all actions tried upon the facts without a jury or with an advisory jury, the court shall ... find the facts specially and state separately its conclusions of law thereon." Clearly, the circuit court's quotations of this Court's conclusions in Brownlee III are not findings of historical fact on the material issue in the case; i.e., the amount by which the equipment declined in value between 2003 and 2006.
