An appropriate order and decision will be entered for respondent.
SWIFT,
In Florida in the early 1970s David S. Swan, Jr., began a real estate business under the name David S. Swan, Jr., P.A. (Swan P.A.). 22011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*62 On January 1, 1976, Swan P.A. established the Christy & Swan Profit Sharing Plan (the plan), petitioner herein. Swan P.A. is the employer-sponsor and administrator of the plan. For the years in issue Mr. Swan was the only participant and also served as trustee of the plan.
On September 24, 1986, respondent issued a favorable determination letter concluding that the plan was a qualified tax-exempt retirement plan under
During 2000 and 2001 Congress enacted a number of changes relating to qualified retirement plans in the Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000 (CRA), appendix G of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001,
On March 21, 2006, the plan filed its Form 5500-EZ, Annual Return of One-Participant (Owners and Their Spouses) Retirement Plan, for its 2005 plan year.
Before the initiation of respondent's audit of petitioner in June 2007, the plan was not amended to comply with any of the requirements of the above-referenced statutory amendments.
On June 8, 2007, respondent began his examination of petitioner's Form 5500-EZ for 2005.
On August 21, 2007, Mr. Swan, as trustee, signed and provided 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*63 to respondent a "Declaration" in which petitioner stated generally that the plan was "amended" by general reference to incorporate all statutory and regulatory amendments necessary to retain qualified status under
On August 30, 2007, respondent sent petitioner a Form 886-A, Explanation of Items, which stated that in respondent's opinion the plan had not been amended to reflect required statutory changes. Respondent also explained his closing 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*64 agreement program. 5
On September 18, 2007, Mr. Swan on behalf of petitioner sent respondent a letter in which he asserted that the plan had ceased to exist and that the plan had matured into a "Repository Trust", having discontinued contributions and the admission of new participants. Mr. Swan stated in his letter to respondent: "As such, any subsequent rules or laws applicable to profit sharing plans are not applicable 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*65 as this Plan ceased to be a Profit Sharing Plan as of 1/1/01."
On September 28, 2007, respondent sent to petitioner a revised Form 886-A, which stated that the plan had failed to timely amend consistent with the above-referenced statutory requirements. In this letter respondent once again explained the closing agreement program. Again, Mr. Swan informed respondent that the plan would not be participating in the closing agreement program.
On December 20, 2007, respondent mailed petitioner a letter stating that petitioner's case would be closed with the unagreed revocation of the plan's tax-exempt status as a qualified profit-sharing plan under
On December 26, 2007, Mr. Swan sent respondent a letter in which he, as trustee of the plan, stated his intent to abandon all future discussions with respondent regarding the tax-exempt qualified status of the plan and to take the issue to court.
On July 9, 2009, respondent sent Mr. Swan a letter informing Mr. Swan that disqualification of the plan was necessary because the plan had failed to timely amend regardless of whether the plan still permitted contributions or admission of new participants.
On July 24, 2009, respondent sent 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*66 to Mr. Swan a final revocation letter with regard to the plan's tax-exempt status. This letter was returned to respondent unclaimed by Mr. Swan or by petitioner. 6
On August 17, 2009, Mr. Swan on behalf of petitioner sent respondent a letter explaining that the plan was so simple that any new statutory requirements could not possibly affect or be applicable to the plan.
On September 16, 2009, respondent sent a second final revocation letter to Mr. Swan as trustee of the plan stating that the plan's qualified status for the plan year ending December 31, 2001, and for subsequent years was revoked.
On October 6, 2009, petitioner filed the petition herein seeking a declaratory judgment that the plan had not lost its status as a qualifying plan under
Summary judgment may be an appropriate method for resolving a declaratory judgment action.
The party moving for summary judgment bears the burden of proving that no genuine issue of material fact exists.
The burden of establishing the nonexistence of a genuine factual issue is on the party moving for summary judgment; and where the evidentiary matter in support of the motion does not establish the absence of a genuine issue, we will deny summary judgment.
Respondent has broad discretion under (5) Except in rare or unusual circumstances, the revocation or modification of a ruling will not be applied retroactively with respect to the taxpayer to whom the ruling was originally issued or to a taxpayer whose tax liability was directly involved in such ruling if (i) there has been no misstatement or omission of material facts, (ii) the facts subsequently developed are not materially different from the facts on which the ruling was based, (iii)
In this case, respondent's basis for retroactively revoking the plan's qualifying status under
Petitioner raises five arguments, 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*70 which we discuss below.
Petitioner argues that respondent's September 16, 2009, letter was not timely. 7 Petitioner claims that the "statute of limitations" for the plan's 2005 year expired on July 31, 2009, 8 and that respondent therefore was barred from revoking the plan's tax-exempt status for 2005 and earlier plan years. Petitioner's argument is without merit.
The period of limitations prescribed by
Petitioner asserts that exhibits 14 and 15 attached to respondent's motion for summary judgment (purporting to represent petitioner's 2006 and 2005 Forms 5500-EZ, respectively) are "frauds" and that any 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*72 revocation action by respondent based thereon must be erroneous. We disagree.
Exhibits 14 and 15 attached to respondent's motion for summary judgment are identical to Exhibits 14-R and 15-R, respectively, of the administrative record filed herein. Generally, the facts represented in an administrative record are assumed to be true.
Petitioner argues that notwithstanding its failure to timely amend for statutory changes, the plan retained its qualified status pursuant to
This revenue ruling addresses the issue of whether a trust retains its exempt status where a plan has discontinued contributions but otherwise continues in effect until all assets have been distributed from the plan's trust. This ruling does not address the issue of a plan's qualified 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*73 status where a plan has failed to timely amend as required by statutory changes. Petitioner's reliance on
Petitioner argues that because the plan in 2001 discontinued receiving contributions and barred admission of new participants, the plan ceased to exist and thereafter matured into a "Repository Trust". What petitioner means by the term "Repository Trust" is not clear; 11 however, we believe petitioner argues that the plan terminated in or around 2001 and therefore was not required to amend for the above-referenced statutory enactments. We disagree.
Retirement plan terminations are formal events that have distinct requirements. Notably, formal plan terminations require that termination dates be established, the benefits of plan participants (and other liabilities under the plans) be determined with respect to the termination date, and all plan assets be distributed to satisfy those liabilities in accordance 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*74 with the terms of the plan as soon as administratively feasible after the termination date.
Termination of a retirement plan will always cause a discontinuance of contributions, but a discontinuance of contributions might occur without a formal termination of the plan.
Respondent's basis for retroactively revoking the plan's qualifying status under
A qualified profit-sharing plan must meet statutory requirements both by its terms and in its operations.
CRA was enacted on December 21, 2000. 12 CRA sec. 314(e), 114 Stat. 2763A-643, amended, inter alia,
EGTRRA was enacted on June 7, 2001. 14 EGTRRA secs. 641(a)(1)(A) and (b)(2), 115 Stat. 118, 120, required qualified plans to amend their definition of an eligible retirement plan to include eligible deferred compensation plans under
EGTRAA sec. 657(a)(1), 115 Stat. 135, amended
The requirements that a plan must satisfy for qualification under
Reviewing 2011 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 61">*82 the facts in the light most favorable to petitioner, we conclude that no genuine issue of material fact exists requiring a trial, and that, as a matter of law, respondent is entitled to summary judgment.
In reaching our decision, we have considered all of the arguments raised by petitioner, and to the extent not mentioned herein, we conclude they are moot, irrelevant, or without merit.
1. Unless otherwise indicated, all section references are to the Internal Revenue Code (Code) applicable to the years before us, and all Rule references are to the Tax Court Rules of Practice and Procedure.↩
2. Petitioner's principal office was located in Florida at the time of filing the petition.
3. The specific changes to qualified retirement plans required by these statutory amendments are described in some detail
4. Mr. Swan's August 21, 2007, Declaration stated as follows: Effective January 1, 1984 and extending indefinitely into the future, this Plan hereby accepts unconditionally any and all revisions, modifications, changes, deletions, additions, terminations, and other alterations that the Department of the Treasury may assess against this Plan with or without notification in any manner to the Trustee of the Plan. Any such revisions, modifications, changes, deletions, additions, terminations, and other alterations will automatically become an integral part of this plan with an effective date equal to the required effective date of any such revisions, modifications, changes, deletions, additions, terminations, and other alterations required.↩
5. Respondent described the closing agreement program as follows: A plan sponsor that does not come forward to the IRS, but which instead is discovered on audit to have significant problems in its plan, is entitled under the audit correction program to preserve the tax benefits associated with properly maintained retirement plans. Under this program, the plan sponsor pays a reasonable sanction that is based on an amount that is directly related to the amount of tax benefits preserved. The sanction imposed will bear a reasonable relationship to the nature, extent and severity of the failure, taking into account the extent to which correction occurred before audit.
6. Petitioner argues that because respondent's July 24, 2009, letter was not sent to the plan or to Mr. Swan in his capacity as a trustee thereof, the letter was defective. We address this issue in greater detail
7. For the limited purpose of petitioner's timeliness contention, we assume arguendo that respondent's July 24, 2009, final revocation letter was, as petitioner asserts, defective and thus void.↩
8. July 31, 2009, is 3 years after petitioner's 2005 Form 5500-EZ was due. Generally, a Form 5500-EZ must be filed by the last day of the seventh calendar month after the end of the plan year. Petitioner's 2005 plan year ended on Dec. 31, 2005. Without extensions, the last day to file the plan's 2005 Form 5500-EZ was July 31, 2006.↩
9.
10. There are five jurisdictional limitations set forth in
11. Respondent suggests that petitioner is referring to a "wasting trust" or a trust that remains in effect after a plan has been terminated for the purpose of distributing plan assets. See, e.g.,
12. This amendment had retroactive effect, relating back to the Taxpayer Relief Act of 1997, Pub. L. 105-34, 111 Stat. 788.↩
13. The plan provided: 1.19 "415 Compensation" with respect to any Participant means such Participant's wages as defined in Code For Plan Years beginning after December 31, 1997, for purposes of this Section, the determination of "415 Compensation" shall include any elective deferral (as defined in Code If, in connection with the adoption of this amendment and restatement, the definition of "415 Compensation" has been modified, then, for Plan Years prior to the Plan Year which includes the adoption date of this amendment and restatement, "415 Compensation" means compensation determined pursuant to the Plan then in effect.
14. This amendment applies to distributions occurring after Dec. 31, 2001. EGTRRA sec. 641(f)(1), 115 Stat. 121.↩
15. The plan provided: 7.11 DIRECT ROLLOVER—(a) Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary that would otherwise limit a distributee's election under this Section, a distributee may elect, at the time and in the manner prescribed by the Administrator, to have any portion of an eligible rollover distribution that is equal to at least $500 paid directly to an eligible retirement plan specified by the distributee in a direct rollover. (b) For purposes of this Section the following definitions shall apply: (1) An eligible rollover distribution is any distribution of all or any portion of the balance to the credit of the distributee, except that an eligible rollover distribution does not include: any distribution that is one of—a series of substantially equal periodic payments (not less frequently than annually) made for the life (or life expectancy) of the distributee or the joint lives (or joint life expectancies) of the distributee and the distributee's designated beneficiary, or for a specified period of ten years or more; any distribution to the extent such distribution is required under Code (2) An eligible retirement plan is an individual retirement account described in Code (3) A distributee includes an Employee or former Employee. In addition, the Employee's or former Employee's surviving spouse and the Employee's or former Employee's spouse or former spouse who is the alternate payee under a qualified domestic relations order, as defined in Code (4) A direct rollover is a payment by the Plan to the eligible retirement plan specified by the distributee.↩
16. This amendment applies to distributions occurring after Mar. 28, 2005. EGTRRA sec. 657(d), 115 Stat. 137, provides: "The amendments made by this section shall apply to distributions made after final regulations implementing subsection (c)(2)(A) are prescribed." The regulations referenced in EGTRRA sec. 657(c)(2)(A), 115 Stat. 137, relate to safe harbor provisions promulgated by the Department of Labor (DOL) pertaining to