RODNEY GILSTRAP, District Judge.
Before the Court is Plaintiff SimpleAir, Inc.'s (SimpleAir) Motion to Strike or Otherwise Preclude Testimony from Defendants' Non-Infringement Expert Dr. Stephen Wicker. ("Mot.", Dkt. No. 195.) Defendants Google, Inc. ("Google") and YouTube, LLC ("YouTube") (collectively, "Defendants") oppose the motion. ("Resp.", Dkt. No. 221.) The Court heard argument on September 11, 2015. For the reasons set forth below, the Plaintiff's motion is
At the outset, the Court notes that the Court explicitly asked the parties whether there were any potential O2 Micro issues at the September 9, 2015 hearing. (Hr'g Tr. 11:14-15, Dkt. No. 284.) See O2 Micro Int'l Ltd. v. Beyond Innovation Tech. Co., Ltd., 521 F.3d 1351 at 1360 (Fed. Cir. 2008) ("When the parties raise an actual dispute regarding the proper scope of these claims, the court, not the jury, must resolve that dispute."). Neither party gave a direct answer nor took the opportunity to raise any potential claim construction disputes at the September 9, 2015 hearing. (Hr'g Tr.) In response to the Court's inquiry, counsel for Defendants stated that "there may be O2 Micro problems, although we'll wait to see if . . . SimpleAir has perhaps changed their position." (Hr'g Tr. 11:18-20.) Counsel for Plaintiff never directly addressed the Court's inquiry. Despite this silence, the parties' briefing suggests a dispute exists regarding the proper scope of the system claims of the '279 patent.
"The admissibility of expert testimony is governed by the Federal Rules of Evidence and the principles laid out in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 509 U.S. 579 (1993)." Virnetx, Inc. v. Cisco Sys., Inc., 767 F.3d 1308, 1328 (Fed. Cir. 2014).
An expert witness may provide opinion testimony if "(a) the expert's scientific, technical, or other specialized knowledge will help the trier of fact to understand the evidence or to determine a fact in issue; (b) the testimony is based on sufficient facts or data; (c) the testimony is the product of reliable principles and methods; and (d) the expert has reliably applied the principles and methods to the facts of the case." Fed. R. Evid. 702. In other words, "[u]nder [the Federal Rules] and precedent, a district court judge, acting as a gatekeeper, may exclude evidence if it is based upon unreliable principles or methods, or legally insufficient facts and data." Apple Inc. v. Motorola, Inc., 757 F.3d 1286, 1314 (Fed. Cir. 2014), rev'd on other grounds by Williamson v. Citrix Online, LLC, No. 2013-1130, 2015 WL 3687459, at *6 (Fed. Cir. June 16, 2015) (en banc in part).
"A [district] judge must be cautious not to overstep its gatekeeping role and weigh facts, evaluate the correctness of conclusions, impose its own preferred methodology, or judge credibility, including the credibility of one expert over another," Apple Inc., 757 F.3d at 1314. "Vigorous cross-examination, presentation of contrary evidence, and careful instruction on the burden of proof are the traditional and appropriate means of attacking shaky but admissible evidence." Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharm., Inc., 509 U.S. 579, 596 (1993); see also i4i Ltd. P'ship v. Microsoft Corp., 598 F.3d 831, 854 (Fed. Cir. 2010) ("Daubert and Rule 702 are safeguards against unreliable or irrelevant opinions, not guarantees of correctness."); Micro Chem., Inc. v. Lextron, Inc., 317 F.3d 1387, 1391-92 (Fed. Cir. 2003) (applying Fifth Circuit law) ("When, as here, the parties' experts rely on conflicting sets of facts, it is not the role of the trial court to evaluate the correctness of facts underlying one expert's testimony."); Pipitone v. Biomatrix, Inc., 288 F.3d 239, 249-50 (5th Cir. 2002) ("The trial court's role as gatekeeper [under Daubert] is not intended to serve as a replacement for the adversary system.' . . . Thus, while exercising its role as a gate-keeper, a trial court must take care not to transform a Daubert hearing into a trial on the merits," quoting Fed. R. Evid. 702 advisory committee note).
Plaintiff presents arguments to strike three opinions contained in Dr. Wicker's non-infringement report. The following opinions will be addressed in turn: (1) Dr. Wicker's opinions asserting that "Google Does Not Make, Use, Sell, or Control the Entire System"; (2) Dr. Wicker's opinions comparing SimpleAir's '426 and '614 patents with the asserted patents; and (3) Dr. Wicker's opinions regarding Google's own patents.
In his report, Dr. Wicker asserts that Google does not directly infringe the asserted claims of the '279 patent when the accused system transmits messages from third parties, because Google does not make, use, sell, or control the entire system. (Exh.1 to Mot., at 101-108.) Claim 1 of the '279 patent provides as follows:
Plaintiff offers three arguments to support its motion to strike this opinion. First, Plaintiff asserts that the "information source," "receiver communicatively coupled to a remote computing device," and "remote computing devices" recited in the claim are terms included in limitations, and not components, of the claimed system. (Mot. at 2-4.) Second, Plaintiff argues that, regardless of whether the aforementioned terms recited by limitations of the claimed system are actually components, an accused infringer need not make, sell, or control each individual component of the claimed system. (Mot. at 4.) Finally, Plaintiff argues that Dr. Wicker never asserts that Google does not, in fact, make, sell or use the GCM system as a whole. (Mot. at 5.)
Defendants wholly disagree. Defendants first argue that the preamble is limiting and that the recited "information source" is thus a required element of the asserted claims. (Resp. at 2.) Defendants also contend that Google does not use the entire claimed system in the situation when their system is used by third-party application providers. (Resp. at 6.)
As an initial matter, the Court finds that there are no oustanding O2 Micro problems. The Court notes that not every term in a claim limitation identifies a separate component that must be present in the claimed system. See Summit 6, LLC v. Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd., Nos. 2013-1648, 2013-1651, 2015 WL 5515331, at *5 (Fed. Cir. Sept. 21, 2015) (describing a claim limitation as "not a step in the same method," but instead "a phrase that characterizes [an item of the claimed method]"). Thus, to the extent that a dispute exists regarding the proper scope of the asserted claims of the '279 patent, the Court finds that the identified terms recited within the claim limitations here are not components of the claimed system. Id. Defendants' conclusion that terms such as "information sources" are elements of the asserted claims relies upon the assumption that the preamble is limiting. (Resp. at 2.) Any opinion which requires such an assumption is contrary to the Court's claim construction order. (Dkt. No. 107.) Thus, the Court
Pursuant to the parties' Joint Notice of Disputes Resolved, SimpleAir has withdrawn its challenge as to this portion of Dr. Wicker's report. (Dkt. No. 277.) Accordingly, the Court
In his report, Dr. Wicker opines on patents filed by Google engineers who worked on the GCM system. (Exh. 1 to Mot., at 76-78.) He also elaborates on other alleged Google innovations. (Id.) Plaintiff moves to strike these opinions as irrelevant because Google produced no expert analysis demonstrating that these patents are actually practiced by a Google product or service relevant to this case. (Mot. at 10.) Plaintiff contends that introducing evidence of Google's own patents without this expert analysis could mislead the jury. (Id.)
Defendants argue that Google is "entitled to show that its own unaccused innovations contributed to the GCM system" and that "it was issued several patents arising from that relevant work." (Resp. at 11.) Further, Defendants assert that these patents will be relevant to rebutting SimpleAir's damages theory. (Id. at 12.)
The Court believes that this issue goes to the weight of the evidence, not its admissibility. SimpleAir does not challenge the fact that the same engineers who worked on the GCM system are the named inventors on the Google patents about which Dr. Wicker opines. SimpleAir will have the opportunity to cross-examine Dr. Wicker about Google's actual use of these claimed inventions. Thus, the Court
Consistent with the opinion above, the Court