ANDREW W. AUSTIN, Magistrate Judge.
Before the Court are IBM's Motion to Compel Deposition Testimony and for Sanctions (Dkt. No. 59); Langley's Response (Dkt. No. 67); and IBM's Reply (Dkt. No. 73).
This is an age discrimination case. Jonathan Langley, a longtime IBM employee, alleges that IBM's termination of him as part of a reduction in force violated the ADEA. He asserts that the reduction in force was intended to make room for younger workers, as IBM was attempting to "reset" its workforce to have a better representation of millennials. To support his discrimination claims, Langley relies in part on documents he has testified he was given by either current or former IBM employees. The documents include "slides from presentations made to high level decision makers," as well as planning documents from various IBM business groups and units. Dkt. No. 59 at 2. At his deposition, IBM asked Langley to identify the individuals who gave him the documents. Langley's attorney instructed him not to respond, citing an "informant's privilege." Langley complied with his attorney's instruction, and IBM's counsel reserved time to question Langley on the matter following a ruling from the Court—which it seeks by this motion.
IBM asserts the identity of the individuals who provided Langley with the information contained in the documents is essential to its defense. In IBM's words, the reason it needs to know the identities of the individuals who "leaked" the documents to Langley is that:
Dkt. No. 59 at 3. In response, Langley disagrees with IBM's characterization of his testimony, and submitted with his response the full transcript of the deposition. That transcript demonstrates that Langley did not rely on any statements of anonymous IBM employees to support his claims, but rather relied on the documents themselves, and his understanding of them from his 23 years at IBM. Further, he was questioned in some detail about the documents, and answered all of the questions other than identifying who had provided him with the documents.
Langley makes a two-pronged response to IBM's motion. First, he contends that the identity of the "leakers" is irrelevant to IBM's defense of its case, because the documents themselves are IBM's and are accessible to IBM (a claim IBM carefully avoids disputing in its reply). Thus, if IBM needs information about the authorship and provenance of the documents, that is something already within IBM's possession. Langley also notes the inconsistency in IBM's position in this motion, where it claims it must have additional information about the leaked materials, with its refusal to produce the originals of the documents in discovery on the ground that they are irrelevant. Second, Langley contends that the identity of the leakers is subject to the "informant privilege" because Langley was a conduit for providing these documents to the EEOC to aid the government in its investigation of IBM's conduct. Langley thus asks that the Court deny IBM's motion, and enter a protective order to "protect the identities of the confidential informant(s)."
First, Langley asserts that the identities of the individuals who provided him with the IBM documents he later provided to the EEOC are confidential as they are subject to the "informant's privilege." Wirtz v. Continental Finance & Loan Co. of West End, 326 F.2d 561 (5th Cir. 1964). IBM argues, correctly, that this privilege can only be asserted by the government. Rovario v. United States, 353 U.S. 53, 59 (1957) ("What courts have termed the informer's privilege is in reality the Government's privilege to withhold from disclosure the identity of persons who furnish information of violations of law to officers charged with enforcement of that law.") It appears, therefore, that the "informant's privilege" is not applicable here. The Court need not make a final determination on that issue, however, as it concludes the requested information is irrelevant.
As noted earlier, IBM contends it needs the identities of the persons who gave Langley the documents in order to defend against Langley's claims. Langley argues that the identities of the individuals who provided him with the leaked documents is irrelevant to IBM's defense, and that IBM is in possession of all of the relevant information about the documents. The Court agrees. The records at issue were created by IBM, and were allegedly used by high level IBM officials. IBM surely knows where it can find the documents, and certainly has the ability to track down the authors, versions, and custodians of the documents.
A final note. As should be obvious by now, IBM's conduct in discovery to date has been less than exemplary. It is on thin ice at this point. As set out above, IBM's motion to compel was lacking as far substance is concerned. But it was also weak on the procedure side. Going into Langley's deposition, IBM knew well that if asked to identify his sources for the leaked documents, Langley would object to disclosing that. It thus could have—and should have—raised the issue with Langley's counsel prior to the deposition, and, if unable to resolve it, sought a ruling from the Court. This would have obviated the need to return to the deposition at a later date, and avoided the very costs IBM sought in its sanctions request. The request for sanctions should thus never have been made. The Court is also disturbed by the fact that IBM apparently has, to date, failed to produce the complete originals or other versions of the leaked documents. It is apparent to the Court that any such documents are within the scope of discovery for the claims made by Langley in this case, and the Court therefore
For the reasons stated, IBM's Motion to Compel Deposition Testimony and for Sanctions (Dkt. No. 59) is
Dkt. No. 67-6 at 253. Thus, while Langley did have a "little" discussion about the phrase with the IBMer, he never stated that that discussion was what supported his understanding of the phrase "seniority mix." Instead, as he noted, he thought its meaning was "pretty plain"—a statement that is hard to argue with. And the same is the case with the other two examples IBM relies on—in both of those instances, when asked what he based his beliefs on, Langley answered with his own knowledge of IBM. Id. at 249, 251. He did not offer the anonymous sources as the basis of his beliefs—he only mentioned the sources when specifically asked "did anyone had ever tell him" those things.