In the United States Court of Federal Claims
                                  OFFICE OF SPECIAL MASTERS
                                           No. 16-1712V
                                      Filed: February 4, 2019
                                          UNPUBLISHED


    ALCEO LUCARELLI,
                                                              Special Processing Unit (SPU);
                         Petitioner,                          Ruling on Entitlement; Ruling on the
    v.                                                        Record; Causation-In-Fact; Influenza
                                                              (Flu) Vaccine; Shoulder Injury
    SECRETARY OF HEALTH AND                                   Related to Vaccine Administration
    HUMAN SERVICES,                                           (SIRVA)

                        Respondent.


Ronald Craig Homer, Conway, Homer, P.C., Boston, MA, for petitioner.
Voris Edward Johnson, U.S. Department of Justice, Washington, DC, for respondent.

                                    RULING ON ENTITLEMENT 1
Dorsey, Chief Special Master:

        On December 29, 2016, Alceo Lucarelli (“Mr. Lucarelli” or “petitioner”) filed a
petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program, 42
U.S.C. §300aa-10, et seq., 2 (the “Vaccine Act” or “Program”), alleging that as a result of
receiving the influenza (“flu”) vaccination on October 20, 2014, he suffered a shoulder
injury related to vaccine administration (“SIRVA”). See Petition at 1. The case was
assigned to the Special Processing Unit of the Office of Special Masters.




1 The undersigned intends to post this ruling on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website. This

means the ruling will be available to anyone with access to the internet. In accordance with Vaccine
Rule 18(b), petitioner has 14 days to identify and move to redact medical or other information, the
disclosure of which would constitute an unwarranted invasion of privacy. If, upon review, the undersigned
agrees that the identified material fits within this definition, the undersigned will redact such material from
public access. Because this unpublished ruling contains a reasoned explanation for the action in this
case, undersigned is required to post it on the United States Court of Federal Claims' website in
accordance with the E-Government Act of 2002. 44 U.S.C. § 3501 note (2012) (Federal Management
and Promotion of Electronic Government Services).
2National Childhood Vaccine Injury Act of 1986, Pub. L. No. 99-660, 100 Stat. 3755. Hereinafter, for
ease of citation, all “§” references to the Vaccine Act will be to the pertinent subparagraph of 42 U.S.C. §
300aa (2012).

                                                      1
        Petitioner has now moved for a ruling on the written record finding that he is
entitled to compensation. For the reasons discussed herein, the undersigned grants
petitioner’s motion and finds that petitioner is entitled to compensation for his SIRVA.
   I.     Procedural History

       On January 4, 2017, petitioner filed medical records, affidavits, and a Statement
of Completion. ECF Nos. 6-9; 12. After conducting a review of the records, on June 16,
2017, respondent filed a status report stating that he was willing to engage in settlement
negotiations and inviting petitioner to forward a settlement demand. ECF No. 21. The
parties, therefore, began discussions regarding an informal resolution of petitioner’s
claim.

        On December 18, 2017, petitioner filed a status report indicating that, in
response to his demand, “[r]espondent provided a counteroffer . . . indicating that
petitioner’s pre-existing problems likely explain his current symptoms.” ECF No. 36.
Accordingly, petitioner requested the opportunity to supplement the record with an
expert report to clarify the symptoms related to petitioner’s alleged injury. 

2, 2018, petitioner filed an expert report and accompanying exhibits.
ECF No. 38. On May 4, 2018, petitioner filed a status report indicating that, despite
engaging in settlement discussions following the submission of petitioner’s expert
report, the parties’ valuation of petitioner’s claim remained disparate and requested
guidance from the Court. ECF No. 41. A Rule 5 status conference was held on June
19, 2018, during which the undersigned tentatively found that petitioner met his burden
of proving causation-in-fact under Althen v. HHS, 

(Fed. Cir. 2005). ECF
No. 44.

       On August 7, 2018, petitioner filed a motion requesting a ruling on the record
finding that he is entitled to compensation. ECF No. 45. Respondent filed a response
on August 21, 2018, joining petitioner’s request for a ruling on the record and electing
not to submit additional evidence on the issue of entitlement. 

finds that this case is ripe for adjudication on the question of
whether petitioner is entitled to compensation for his alleged SIRVA.

   II.    Factual History
       Mr. Lucarelli was born on July 22, 1942. Petition at 2; Exhibit 1 at 2. In his
affidavit, Mr. Lucarelli stated that he lives on 5 acres of land, half of which requires
tending. Exhibit 21 at 1. Specifically, he stated that prior to October 2014 his activities
in and around his home included planting trees, installing fencing, repairing stone walls,
and home renovations such as remodeling of his master bathroom. 

October 20, 2014, petitioner received a flu vaccination in his left deltoid.
Exhibit 1 at 2. Prior to his vaccination, Mr. Lucarelli’s medical history does not reflect
any record of shoulder pain. See generally Exhibit 9. 3
       In his affidavit, petitioner stated that the administration of the vaccination was
very painful and that, within days, the pain intensified. Exhibit 21 at 2. He further stated
the pain started at the injection site on his left deltoid and radiated down his left arm. 

12, 2015, Mr. Lucarelli filed a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting
System (“VAERS”) report. The report describes the adverse event as “difficulty raising
left arm since the vaccination” and “pain at injection site” beginning on October 21,
2014. Exhibit 17 at 1.
       On January 14, 2015, Mr. Lucarelli consulted with neurologist, Dr. Peter Greco.
Exhibit 11 at 11. During this visit Mr. Lucarelli reported that, after receiving a flu
vaccination on October 20, 2014, he developed pain and discomfort in his left arm. 

showed no evidence of motor sensory neuropathy, and no definite evidence of
plexopathy or radiculopathy. 

showed “small olecranon bone spur with
adjacent soft tissue swelling suggesting bursitis.” 

         Mr. Lucarelli underwent magnetic resonance imaging (“MRI”) of his left shoulder
and his cervical spine on January 16, 2015. Exhibit 11 at 2, 8-9. The MRI of
petitioner’s left shoulder showed supraspinatus and infraspinous tendinosis, mild
fluid/edema within the subacromial subdeltoid bursa, and “moderate-to-advanced
acromioclavicular joint arthrosis with marginal osteophyte formation and capsular
hypertrophy.” 

The MRI of petitioner’s cervical spine showed “multilevel and
multifactorial central canal and foraminal stenosis, most notably centrally and toward the
left at the C6-C7 level with underlying cord compression.” 

       On January 23, 2015, Mr. Lucarelli attended a follow-up appointment with Dr.
Greco. Exhibit 11 at 13. The medical record states that petitioner “still has the left
shoulder pain [and] does note some right shoulder pain.” 

advised to
attend physical therapy. 

        On January 29, 2015, Mr. Lucarelli had his initial physical therapy evaluation.
Exhibit 15 at 20. The evaluation indicated that petitioner had a flu shot in October in his
left arm and “the next day the left arm started to get sore in the left elbow and wrist and
then eventually the pain started to move into the right[.]” 

rated his pain
at 8 out of 10. 

physical therapy through March 5, 2015 and,
according to the discharge record, “[p]atient had increased [range of motion] in B[oth]
shoulder[s] but therapy was unable to decrease pain in all of his Jts [joints].” 

      Mr. Lucarelli presented to Dr. David Cohen, an orthopedic specialist, on February
9, 2015. Exhibit 2 at 1-2. Petitioner reported that he experienced left shoulder pain
immediately after his October 20, 2014 vaccination. 

Petitioner also noted pain

3   Petitioner’s medical history includes restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea, arthritis, and chest pain.

                                                        3
that moved toward his right shoulder as well as increased pain in his elbows and knees.

assessed Mr. Lucarelli with impingement syndrome, stating that his
“overall impression is that this began with a subacromial bursitis in reaction to a flu
vaccine injection that most likely went a little deep into the subacromial bursa and
caused a reaction. Subsequently, possibly from overuse, he developed some right-
sided shoulder impingement as well.” 

3, 2015, Mr. Lucarelli presented to Dr. Stephen Moses for a
rheumatology consultation. Exhibit 12 at 6. Dr. Moses noted that petitioner “is
complaining of generalized arthralgias that began in his left shoulder soon after
receiving a flu shot in October 2014.” 

had a hematology and oncology consultation with Dr. Kevin Jain on
April 6, 2015. Exhibit 13 at 10-11. Petitioner reported that, subsequent to his October
flu vaccination, he developed left shoulder pain that migrated to his right shoulder. 

Dr. Jain noted that petitioner “then had subsequent elbow pain, joint pain, and bony
pain. He reports that he did have physical therapy, but his pain has been relentless.”

       Petitioner filed a second VAERS report on October 5, 2015. Exhibit 17 at 3. This
report states that “after vaccination, the patient developed pain in shoulders across back
and down both arms radiating to hands and also had muscle deterioration and bone
issues.” 

        On March 1, 2016, petitioner was seen by Dr. Peter Levinson. Exhibit 18.
Petitioner reported a history of pain after receiving the flu shot. 

Dr. Levinson
noted that Mr. Lucarelli “had a prolonged problem with pain and discomfort in the area
and has had an extensive investigation[.] There is no obvious etiology but likely it is
less frequent and not as severe. It is possible that it is a neuralgic pain possibly from
nerve irritation[.]” 

to Dr. Levinson again on August 18, 2016.
Exhibit 23 at 4. During this appointment he noted that the pain was less frequent and
“may occur once a month.” 

Expert Report
       In addition to medical records, Mr. Lucarelli submitted an expert report of Dr.
Marko Bodor. Exhibit 24. Dr. Bodor is a board certified physician with experience in
neuromuscular and sports medicine. Exhibit 25 (Curriculum Vitae of Dr. Marko Bodor).
He has expertise in shoulder injuries related to vaccines and has published numerous
journal articles on the subject. 

        In his expert report, Dr. Bodor noted that Mr. Lucarelli had no pre-existing pain in
his left shoulder, and stated that the flu vaccination administered on October 20, 2014
likely went into petitioner’s subdeltoid bursa and rotator cuff. Exhibit 24 at 2. Dr. Bodor
also provided an explanation for Mr. Lucarelli’s initial pain, stating that when a vaccine is
injected into the subdeltoid bursa it can cause a robust local and immune inflammatory

                                             4
response resulting in pain and a reduced range of motion. 

citing Exhibit 24,
Tab A (Bodor, M and Montalvo, E, Vaccine-related shoulder dysfunction, Vaccine 25
(2007) 585-587) and Exhibit 24 Tab B (Atanasoff, et al, Shoulder injury related to
vaccine administration (SIRVA), Vaccine 28 (2010) 8049-8052). Dr. Bodor also stated
that inflammation in the rotator cuff and bursa likely resulted in shoulder impingement,
as noted by one of petitioner’s treating physicians, Dr. Cohen. 

cited
medical literature that indicated a SIRVA may not only result in deltoid bursitis, but also
may relate to tendonitis, impingement syndrome, rotator cuff tear, and adhesive
capsulitis. 

citing Exhibit 24, Tab A (Bodor, Vaccine-related shoulder
dysfunction, Vaccine 25 (2007)) and Exhibit 24 Tab B (Atanasoff et al, Shoulder injury
related to vaccine administration (SIRVA), Vaccine 28 (2010)).
        Dr. Bodor also addressed Mr. Lucarelli’s underlying physiology, and explained
how it contributed to his left shoulder injury and symptoms. Dr. Bodor noted that
petitioner’s left shoulder MRI showed moderate to severe acromioclavicular (“AC”) joint
hypertrophy or osteoarthritis, which he states is a common finding among men above
the age of 50 who played sports or were involved in manual labor. 

The doctor
further indicated that hypertrophy of the AC joint narrows the subacromial outlet,
predisposing the shoulder to impingement. 

Dr. Bodor, the combination
of pre-existing joint hypertrophy or osteoarthritis with an acute inflammatory response in
the bursa and/or rotator cuff caused by a vaccination could easily precipitate symptoms
of impingement. 

that, “[o]nce the cycle of impingement starts, it can
perpetuate itself because impingement causes inflammation and inflammation causes
impingement.” 

Bodor provided an explanation regarding how Mr. Lucarelli’s
multilevel spondylosis and stenosis in his cervical spine complicated petitioner’s injury,
and manifested additional symptoms in his right shoulder. 

described how
patients with shoulder impingement may compensate for pain and reduced range of
motion at the glenohumeral joint 4 by increasing motion at the scapulothoracic joint. 5 

24 Tab D (Graichen H et al., Three-dimensional analysis of shoulder girdle
and supraspinatus motion patters in patients with impingement syndrome J Orthop Res.
2001; 19:1192-1198). Dr. Bodor noted that “[t]his compensatory movement involves
increased activation of muscles which have their origin or insertion on the spine. This
could result in increased load on the spine and the precipitation of spinal stenosis
symptoms.” 

Dr. Bodor, this could have occurred in petitioner. 

also noted that “sometime after the onset of his left shoulder pain, [petitioner]


4
 The glenohumeral joint is the joint between the humerus (upper arm bone) and scapular (shoulder
blade). Grey’s Anatomy, 813 (Susan Strandring, et al., eds. 41st Ed. 2016).
5
 The scapulothoracic joint refers to the space between the scapula (shoulder blade) and the underlying
chest wall. See Grey’s Anatomy, 810 (Susan Strandring, et al., eds. 41st Ed. 2016) (describing the
scapulothoracic joint).


                                                   5
developed pain in the right shoulder and down both arms, classic symptoms of cervical
central spinal stenosis.” 

concluded that, in his opinion, to a reasonable degree of medical
certainty, Mr. Lucarelli’s symptoms were, more likely than not, a result of his October
20, 2014 vaccination. 

on Entitlement

          A. Legal Standard
       In this case, because the petition predates the inclusion of a SIRVA on the
Vaccine Injury Table, petitioner must show that his injury was “caused-in-fact” by the
vaccination in question. § 300aa-13(a)(1)(B); § 300aa-11(c)(1)(C)(ii). The showing of
“causation-in-fact” must satisfy the “preponderance of the evidence” standard. § 300aa-
13(a)(1)(A); see also 

; Hines v. HHS, 

, 1525
(Fed. Cir. 1991).
        The petitioner need not show that the vaccination was the sole cause or even the
predominant cause of the injury or condition, but must demonstrate that the vaccination
was at least a “substantial factor” in causing the condition, and was a “but for” cause.
Shyface v. HHS, 

, 1352 (Fed. Cir. 1999). Additionally, "[t]here must be a
‘logical sequence of cause and effect showing that the vaccination was the reason for
the injury.’” 

court explained this “causation-in-fact” standard, as follows:
          Concisely stated, Althen’s burden is to show by preponderant evidence that
          the vaccination brought about her injury by providing: (1) a medical theory
          causally connecting the vaccination and the injury; (2) a logical sequence
          of cause and effect showing that the vaccination was the reason for the
          injury; and (3) a showing of proximate temporal relationship between
          vaccination and injury. If Althen satisfies this burden, she is “entitled to
          recover unless the [government] shows, also by a preponderance of the
          evidence, that the injury was in fact caused by factors unrelated to the
          vaccine.”

(citations omitted). The court also indicated that, in finding
causation, a fact-finder may rely upon “circumstantial evidence,” which the court found
to be consistent with the “system created by Congress, in which close calls regarding
causation are resolved in favor of injured claimants.” 

       Section 11(c)(1) of the Vaccine Act also contains requirements concerning the
type of vaccination received and the geographic location where it was administered, the
duration or significance of the injury, and the lack of any other award or settlement. See
§ 11(c)(1)(A),(B),(D) and (E). With regard to duration, whether a Table or non-Table
claim, the petitioner must establish he:
          (i) suffered the residual effects or complications of such illness,
          disability, injury, or condition for more than 6 months after the

                                               6
       administration of the vaccine, or (ii) died from the administration of
       the vaccine, or (iii) suffered such illness, disability, injury, or condition
       from the vaccine which resulted in inpatient hospitalization and
       surgical intervention.
§ 11(c)(1)(D).
       B. Analysis
       In his Motion for Ruling on the Record, petitioner argues that he suffered a left
shoulder SIRVA as a result of receiving the flu vaccine on October 20, 2014, and that
the pain and reduced range of motion progressed and extended into his right shoulder.
ECF No. 45 at 17-18. Petitioner further argues that, based on the medical records,
affidavit testimony, expert report, and supporting medical literature, he has satisfied the
three prongs of Althen. The undersigns agrees.
       i.        Althen Prong One: A Medical Theory Causally Connecting the
                 Vaccination and Injury
     Although petitioner’s claim was filed before SIRVA was added as a Table claim,
analysis of the Qualifications and Aids to Interpretation (“QAI”) for SIRVA is informative.
The criteria are as follows:
       A vaccine recipient shall be considered to have suffered SIRVA if
       such recipient manifests all of the following: (i) No history of pain,
       inflammation or dysfunction of the affected shoulder prior to
       intramuscular vaccine administration that would explain the alleged
       signs, symptoms, examination findings, and/or diagnostic studies
       occurring after vaccine injection; (ii) Pain occurs within the specified
       time-frame; (iii) Pain and reduced range of motion are limited to the
       shoulder in which the intramuscular vaccine was administered; and
       (iv) No other condition or abnormality is present that would explain
       the    patient’s symptoms (e.g. NCS/EMG or clinical evidence of
       radiculopathy, brachial neuritis, mononeuropathies, or any other
       neuropathy).

42 C.F.R. § 100.3(c)(10). Petitioner’s claim is atypical in that his pain and reduced
range of motion was not limited to the shoulder in which he received the vaccination.
There are also other conditions and abnormalities present that would explain certain
symptoms, specifically the pain in his right shoulder.

        Petitioner’s expert, Dr. Bodor, provided a medical theory for how a vaccination in
the left shoulder can result in a left shoulder SIRVA, with pain and reduced range of
motion that also manifests in the right shoulder. Dr. Bodor explained that when a
vaccination is administered into the subdeltoid bursa it can cause a robust local and
immune inflammatory response resulting in pain and reduced range of motion. 

(citing Bodor, Vaccine 25 (2007) 585-587; Atanasoff, et al., Vaccine 28 (2010) 8049-
8052). Dr. Bodor also stated that inflammation in the rotator cuff and bursa may result

                                                7
in numerous symptoms, including deltoid bursitis, tendonitis, impingement syndrome,
rotator cuff tears, and adhesive capsulitis. 

(citing Bodor, Vaccine 25 (2007)
585-587; and Atanasoff et al., Vaccine 28 (2010) 8049-8052).

        Dr. Bodor also stated that certain underlying physiological conditions can
contribute to these symptoms, including moderate to severe AC joint hypertrophy or
osteoarthritis, which are common among men above the age of 50 who led physically
active lives. 

Further, according to Dr. Bodor, the combination of pre-existing
joint hypertrophy or osteoarthritis with an acute inflammatory response in the bursa
and/or rotator cuff could easily precipitate symptoms of impingement. 

Bodor provided an explanation regarding how multilevel
spondylosis and stenosis in the cervical spine can manifest SIRVA symptoms in the
shoulder that did not receive the vaccine. 

described how patients with
shoulder impingement may compensate for pain and reduced range of motion by
increasing motion at the scapulothoracic joint. According to Dr. Bodor “[t]his
compensatory movement involves increased activation of muscles which have their
origin or insertion on the spine. This could result in increased load on the spine and the
precipitation of spinal stenosis symptoms.” 

in the right shoulder and
down both arms” are “classic symptoms of cervical central spinal stenosis.” 

concludes that, based on the expert report of Dr. Bodor and the
articles cited therein, petitioner has provided preponderant evidence that the vaccination
petitioner received can cause a left shoulder SIRVA. Further, due to certain underlying
pathology, the injury can also manifest as right shoulder pain though the mechanism
described by Dr. Bodor. Accordingly, petitioner has satisfied Althen Prong One.
       ii.    Althen Prong Two: A Logical Sequence of Cause and Effect
              Showing the Vaccine Was the Reason for the Injury
       Guided by the criteria for evaluating a Table SIRVA injury, the undersigned finds
that Mr. Lucarelli has shown, by a preponderance of the evidence, a logical sequence of
cause and effect showing that his October 20, 2014 flu vaccine was the reason for his
shoulder injuries. Specifically, the criteria for evaluating a SIRVA injury, as set forth
above, includes (i) no history of pain, inflammation or dysfunction of the affected
shoulder prior to intramuscular vaccine administration that would explain the alleged
signs, symptoms, examination findings, and/or diagnostic studies occurring after
vaccine injection; and (ii) pain occurs within the specified timeframe. 42 C.F.R. §
100.3(c)(10). The criteria also require consideration of (iii) whether pain and reduced
range of motion are limited to the shoulder in which the vaccine was administered and
(iv) whether the existence of another condition or abnormality would explain the
patient’s symptoms. 

did not have a history of pain, inflammation, or
                 dysfunction of the affected shoulder prior to vaccine
                 administration.

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      Prior to October 20, 2014, petitioner had no record of pain, inflammation, or
dysfunction in either of his shoulders. See Pet. Ex. 9 at 4-5 (describing petitioner’s
medical history).

              b. Onset occurred within the specified timeframe.
       Petitioner’s medical records and affidavit evidence demonstrate that petitioner
consistently placed the onset of his condition within 48 hours of his October 20, 2014
vaccination.

        As set forth above, on January 12, 2015, petitioner filed a VAERS report noting
an October 21, 2014 onset date. Exhibit 17 at 1. Moreover, all of petitioner’s
subsequent reports consistently place onset of his symptoms within 48 hours of
receiving the vaccination. See, e.g., Exhibit 11 at 11 (reporting that petitioner
developed pain and discomfort in the area in which he received the flu shot and has had
“recurrent aching pain since.”); Exhibit 2 at 1 (stating that petitioner noted the onset of
left shoulder pain immediately after his October 20, 2014 flu shot). Exhibit 15 at 20
(physical therapy evaluation reporting that petitioner experienced pain the day after
vaccination). Further, petitioner stated in his affidavit that the administration of the
vaccination was itself painful, and within days the pain intensified. Exhibit 21 at 3.

        Accordingly, based on petitioner’s sworn statement and medical records,
petitioner has provided preponderant evidence that his shoulder pain began within 48
hours of his October 20, 2014 vaccination.

              c. Pain and reduced range of motion were not limited to shoulder in
                 which the intramuscular vaccine was administered.

         Pain and reduced range of motion began in petitioner’s left shoulder; however, it
was not limited to this area. Petitioner reported that following the manifestation of pain
in his left shoulder, he began to experience pain in his right shoulder in January of 2015.
See, e.g., Exhibit 11 at 13 (reporting that petitioner had some right shoulder pain). See
also, e.g., Exhibit 15 at 20 (establishing that petitioner’s pain “started to move into the
right[.]”); Exhibit 17 at 3 (reporting “pain in shoulders across back and down both arms .
. .”).

       Nevertheless, Dr. Bodor offered a reasonable explanation, supported by scientific
evidence, regarding how and why petitioner suffered pain in both his left and right
shoulders. Specifically, Dr. Bodor noted that petitioner’s flu vaccination “likely went into
his subdeltoid bursa and rotator cuff” and concluded that the resulting pain in his left
shoulder was consistent with an inflammatory response. Exhibit 24 at 2. Dr. Bodor
explained that this inflammation of the rotator cuff and bursa likely resulted in shoulder
impingement and that “[p]atients with shoulder impingement may compensate for pain
and reduced range of motion at the glenohumeral joint by increasing motion at the
scapulothoracic joint.” 

these points Dr. Bodor states:



                                             9
      This compensatory movement involves increased activation of the
      trapezius and levator scapulae muscles which have their origin or
      insertion on the spine. This could result in increased load on spine
      and precipitation of spinal stenosis symptoms. This may indeed
      have been the case with Mr. Lucarelli. It is noted that sometime
      after the onset of his left shoulder pain, he developed pain in the
      right shoulder and down both arms, classic symptoms of cervical
      central spinal stenosis.

Respondent has not controverted Dr. Bodor’s opinion.

      The undersigned finds that Dr. Bodor is well qualified to opine on the subject.
Further, the undersigned finds that this mechanism of injury, and the manifestation of
symptoms in both petition’s left and right shoulders, is plausible and supported by
medical literature.

             d. Conditions or abnormalities that contributed to petitioner’s
                symptoms.
        The undersigned finds that petitioner’s preexisting conditions contributed to, but
did not cause, petitioner’s injury. These conditions were described in petitioner’s
January 16, 2015 left shoulder MRI which showed “moderate-to-advanced
acromioclavicular joint arthrosis with marginal osteophyte formation and capsular
hypertrophy.” Exhibit 11 at 2. Dr. Bodor noted that these are common findings among
men above the age of 50 who were involved in manual labor (Exhibit 24 at 3), which
describes petitioner as he was 72 years old at the time of his vaccination and led an
active lifestyle. Further, as addressed herein at Section B(ii)(c), Dr. Bodor opined that
the combination of pre-existing joint hypertrophy or osteoarthritis with an acute
inflammatory response in the bursa and or rotator cuff could easily precipitate
symptoms of impingement. Exhibit 24 at 3. Dr. Atanasoff’s article supports this opinion.
In the article Shoulder Injury Related to Vaccine Administration, Dr. Atanasoff concludes
“some of the MRI findings in our case series, such as rotator cuff tears, may have been
present prior to vaccination and became symptomatic as a result of vaccination-
associated synovial inflammation.” Atanasoff at 8-51.
       Therefore, the undersigned finds the existence of preponderant evidence of a
medical theory causally connecting the vaccination and injury. As previously noted,
although petitioner’s pain was not limited to his vaccinated shoulder, petitioner has
offered a reasonable explanation, supported by scientific evidence, regarding how and
why his symptoms extended to his right shoulder. Further, while petitioner’s arthrosis,
osteophyte formation, and capsular hypertrophy may have contributed to his injury, he
did not have pain until his vaccination, and his injury was triggered by the vaccination.
      iii.   Althen Prong Three: Proximate Temporal Relationship Between
             Vaccination and Injury


                                            10
        Under Althen prong three, there must be a proximate temporal relationship
between vaccination and injury. Under the SIRVA criteria, the onset of the symptoms of
petitioner’s shoulder injury must begin within 48 hours or less of vaccination. The
undersigned has found that the onset of petitioner’s shoulder injury began within 48
hours of vaccination, and thus, petitioner has satisfied Althen prong three.

   IV.    Factors Unrelated to Vaccination

      Respondent has not asserted, and the undersigned does not find, that there is
any evidence in the record to support respondents’ burden of establishing an alternative
cause for petitioner’s injury unrelated to a vaccination.

   V.     Conclusion
      In light of the above, and in view of the submitted evidence, the
undersigned GRANTS petitioner’s motion and finds that petitioner is entitled to
Vaccine Act compensation.
   IT IS SO ORDERED.


                                                      /s/Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                      Nora Beth Dorsey
                                                      Chief Special Master




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