UNPUBLISHED

DECISION ON INTERIM ATTORNEYS' FEES AND COSTS1

MINDY MICHAELS ROTH, Special Master.

On February 6, 2017, petitioner filed a petition for compensation under the National Vaccine Injury Compensation Program2 alleging that he received an influenza ("flu") vaccine on November 3, 2015, and thereafter developed Bell's palsy. Petition ("Pet."), ECF No. 1. Petitioner now requests an award of interim attorneys' fees and costs.

I. Procedural History

The petition was filed on February 6, 2017. ECF No. 1. This matter was assigned to me on February 7, 2017. See ECF No. 4. Petitioner filed supporting documentation, including medical records and an affidavit, and a Statement of Completion on February 9, 2017. Petitioner's Exhibits ("Pet. Ex.") 1-5, ECF Nos. 7-8. Petitioner filed additional medical records through September of 2017. Pet. Ex. 6-26, ECF Nos. 12-15.

Respondent filed his Rule 4(c) Report, recommending against compensation, on September 7, 2017. Respondent's Report, ECF No. 16.

Petitioner filed several expert reports from Dr. Eric Gershwin. See Pet. Ex. 6, ECF No. 12; Pet. Ex. 27, ECF No. 25; Pet. Ex. 30, ECF No. 27; Pet. Ex. 37, ECF No. 33. Respondent filed expert reports from Dr. Vinay Chaudhry and Dr. Neil Romberg. See Respondent's Exhibit ("Resp. Ex.") A, ECF No. 22; Resp. Ex. S, ECF No. 29.

The parties agreed to proceed to entitlement hearing. The Prehearing Order was issued on June 10, 2018, scheduling an entitlement hearing for July 13 and 14, 2021. ECF No. 39.

On May 20, 2019, petitioner filed the instant Motion for Interim Attorneys' Fees and Costs. Motion for Interim Fees, ECF No. 36. Petitioner requested attorneys' fees in the amount of $31,367.00, and costs in the amount of $13,704.95, for a total amount of $45,071.95. Motion for Interim Fees at 12.

On June 3, 2019, respondent filed a response to petitioner's Motion for Interim Fees. Response, ECF No. 37. Respondent deferred "to the Special Master to determine whether or not petitioner has met the legal standard for an interim fees and costs award" but was otherwise "satisfied that the statutory requirements for an award of attorney's fees and costs are met in this case." Id. at 2. Respondent provided no specific objection to the amount requested or hours worked, but instead, "respectfully recommend[ed] that the Special Master exercise her discretion and determine a reasonable award for attorneys' fees and costs." Id. at 3. Petitioner did not file a reply.

This matter is now ripe for decision.

II. Legal Framework

The Vaccine Act permits an award of "reasonable attorneys' fees" and "other costs." § 15(e)(1). If a petitioner succeeds on the merits of his or her claim, he or she is entitled to an award of reasonable attorneys' fees and costs. Id.; see Sebelius v. Cloer, 133 S.Ct. 1886, 1891 (2013). However, a petitioner need not prevail on entitlement to receive a fee award as long as the petition was brought in "good faith" and there was a "reasonable basis" for the claim to proceed. § 15(e)(1).

The Federal Circuit has endorsed the use of the lodestar approach to determine what constitutes "reasonable attorneys' fees" and "other costs" under the Vaccine Act. Avera v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 515 F.3d 1343, 1349 (Fed. Cir. 2008). Under this approach, "an initial estimate of a reasonable attorneys' fee" is calculated by "multiplying the number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation times a reasonable hourly rate." Id. at 1347-48 (quoting Blum v. Stenson, 465 U.S. 886, 888 (1984)). That product is then adjusted upward or downward based on other specific findings. Id.

Special masters have substantial discretion in awarding fees and may adjust a fee request sua sponte, apart from objections raised by respondent and without providing petitioners with notice and opportunity to respond. Sabella v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 86 Fed. Cl. 201, 209 (2009). Special masters need not engage in a line-by-line analysis of petitioner's fee application when reducing fees. Broekelschen v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 102 Fed. Cl. 719, 729 (2011).

III. Discussion

A. Interim Fees

Special masters have discretion to award interim fees while the litigation is ongoing if "the cost of litigation has imposed an undue hardship" and there is "a good faith basis for the claim." Shaw v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 609 F.3d 1372, 1375 (Fed. Cir. 2010); see Avera, 515 F. 3d at 1352. The court in Avera held that interim fees may be awarded "in appropriate circumstances." Id. at 1351. The court then listed some circumstances—cases involving "protracted" proceedings and "costly experts"—in which it would be "particularly appropriate" to award interim fees. Id. at 1352. But "the Federal Circuit in Avera . . . did not enunciate the universe of litigation circumstances which would warrant an award of interim attorney's fees," Woods v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 105 Fed. Cl. 148, 154 (2012), and "special masters [retain] broad discretion in determining whether to award" them, Al-Uffi ex rel. R.B. v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 13-956V, 2015 WL 6181669, at *5 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 30, 2015). In making this determination, "the special master may consider any of the unique facts of a case." Rehn v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 126 Fed. Cl. 86, 94 (2016).

This matter has been pending for two years. An entitlement hearing is scheduled for July of 2021, after which a decision must be written. Therefore, an award of interim fees and costs is appropriate so that counsel is not unduly financially burdened during protracted litigation.

B. Reasonable Hourly Rate

A "reasonable hourly rate" is defined as the rate "prevailing in the community for similar services by lawyers of reasonably comparable skill, experience and reputation." Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348 (quoting Blum, 465 U.S. at 896 n.11). In general, this rate is based on "the forum rate for the District of Columbia" rather than "the rate in the geographic area of the practice of petitioner's attorney." Rodriguez v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 632 F.3d 1381, 1384 (Fed. Cir. 2011) (citing Avera, 515 F. 3d at 1349). There is a "limited exception" that provides for attorneys' fees to be awarded at local hourly rates when "the bulk of the attorney's work is done outside the forum jurisdiction" and "there is a very significant difference" between the local hourly rate and forum hourly rate. Id. This is known as the Davis County exception. Hall v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 640 F.3d 1351, 1353 (2011) (citing Davis Cty. Solid Waste Mgmt. & Energy Recovery Special Serv. Dist. v. U.S. EPA, 169 F.3d 755, 758 (D.C. Cir. 1999)).

For cases in which forum rates apply, McCulloch provides the framework for determining the appropriate hourly rate range for attorneys' fees based upon the attorneys' experience. McCulloch v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 09-293V, 2015 WL 5634323 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Sept. 1, 2015). The Office of Special Masters has accepted the decision in McCulloch and has issued a Fee Schedule for subsequent years.3

Mr. Cochran and the attorneys at his firm practice in Memphis, Tennessee, and they have previously been awarded forum rates. See, e.g, Teter on Behalf of S.T. v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 19-1801V, 2019 WL 2406958 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. May 17, 2019).

Petitioner requested the following rates of compensation for the work of his attorneys in this matter: for Mr. William Cochran: $355.00 for work performed in 2016, $365.00 for work performed in 2017, $377.00 for work performed in 2018, and $391.00 for work performed in 2019; for Mr. Michael McLaren: $425.00 for work performed in 2016, $440.00 for work performed in 2017, $456.00 for work performed in 2018, $473.00 for work performed in 2019; and for Mr. Chris Webb: $305.00 for work performed in 2016, $315.00 for work performed in 2017, $326.00 for work performed in 2018, and $338.00 for work performed in 2019. Motion for Interim Fees at 11. Petitioner requested the following hourly rates of compensation for the work of his attorneys' support staff in this matter: for law clerks, $145.00 for work performed in 2016, $148.00 for work performed in 2017, $150.00 for work performed in 2018, and $156 for work performed in 2019; and for paralegals, $140 for work performed in 2016, $145 for work performed in 2017, $150 for work performed in 2018, and $155 for work performed in 2019. Id.

The rates requested for Mr. Cochran, Mr. Webb, and the firm's law clerks and paralegals are reasonable and consistent with previous award amounts so no reductions are necessary. See, e.g., Teter, 2019 WL 2406958, at *2. However, Mr. McLaren's rates for 2018 and 2019 must be reduced as they exceed the maximum award prescribed by the OSM Attorneys' Forum Hourly Rate Fee Schedules for 2018 and 2019. Accordingly, per the Fee Schedule, Mr. McLaren will be awarded an hourly rate of $455.00 for work performed in 2018 and $464.00 for work performed in 2019. The billing records indicated Mr. McLaren performed 2.4 hours of work in 2018 and .80 hours of work in 2019. Therefore, the request for fees shall be reduced by $7.20 for 2018 and $2.40 for 2019, for a total reduction of $9.60.

B. Hours Reasonably Expended

Attorneys' fees are awarded for the "number of hours reasonably expended on the litigation." Avera, 515 F.3d at 1348. Counsel should not include in their fee requests hours that are "excessive, redundant, or otherwise unnecessary." Saxton ex rel. Saxton v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 3 F.3d 1517, 1521 (Fed. Cir. 1993) (quoting Hensley v. Eckerhart, 461 U.S. 424, 434 (1983)). "Unreasonably duplicative or excessive billing" includes "an attorney billing for a single task on multiple occasions, multiple attorneys billing for a single task, attorneys billing excessively for intra office communications, attorneys billing excessive hours, [and] attorneys entering erroneous billing entries." Raymo v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 129 Fed. Cl. 691, 703 (2016). While attorneys may be compensated for non-attorney-level work, the rate must be comparable to what would be paid for a paralegal. O'Neill v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-243V, 2015 WL 2399211, at *9 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 28, 2015). Clerical and secretarial tasks should not be billed at all, regardless of who performs them. McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. Hours spent traveling are ordinarily compensated at one-half of the normal hourly attorney rate. See Scott v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No. 08-756V, 2014 WL 2885684, at *3 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. June 5, 2014) (collecting cases). And "it is inappropriate for counsel to bill time for educating themselves about basic aspects of the Vaccine Program." Matthews v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., No 14-1111V, 2016 WL 2853910, at *2 (Fed. Cl. Spec. Mstr. Apr. 18, 2016). Ultimately, it is "well within the Special Master's discretion to reduce the hours to a number that, in [her] experience and judgment, [is] reasonable for the work done." Saxton, 3 F.3d at 1522. In exercising that discretion, special masters may reduce the number of hours submitted by a percentage of the amount charged. See Broekelschen, 102 Fed. Cl. at 728-29 (affirming the Special Master's reduction of attorney and paralegal hours); Guy v. Sec'y of Health & Human Servs., 38 Fed. Cl. 403, 406 (1997) (same).

Upon review of petitioner's application, I find that a small reduction must be made to law clerk hours billed. Law clerks routinely billed for administrative/clerical tasks such as scanning and preparing documents and calendaring events. See generally Motion for Interim Fees, Ex. 2 at 1-17 (e.g. entries on November 26, 2016 and May 9, 2017 as examples). Because such administrative/clerical tasks are not compensable, the total time billed by law clerks will be reduced by 5%. See McCulloch, 2015 WL 5634323, at *26. The billing records indicate law clerks billed 36.7 hours for a total of $5,494.30. Id. at 18. Accordingly, this results in a reduction of $274.72.

Therefore, petitioner shall be awarded $31,082.68 in attorneys' fees, which represents a reduction of $9.70 for Mr. McLaren's adjusted hourly rate and a reduction of $274.72 for unaccepted law clerk billing.

C. Reasonable Costs

Petitioner requested a total of $13,704.95 in attorneys' costs. Motion for Interim Fees, Ex. 2 at 18-44. The requested costs consist of $11,812.50 in expert fees to Dr. Gershwin, $55.81 in costs associated with obtaining medical records, the $400.00 filing fee, $1,013.27 in travel costs, $91.20 in mailing and shipping costs, and $332.17 in photocopying, telephone, and research costs. See id. Petitioner did not provide sufficient documentation for $35.37 in shipping and mailing costs or $332.17 in photocopying, telephone, and research costs. Petitioner may request reimbursement for these costs in his final fees and costs motion so long as he provides proper documentation. Otherwise, petitioner's requested costs appear to be reasonable. Accordingly, petitioner's costs are reduced by $367.54. Thus, petitioner is awarded $13,337.41 in interim attorneys' costs.

IV. Total Award Summary

Based on the foregoing, the undersigned awards the total of $44,420.09,4 representing reimbursement for attorneys' fees in the amount of $31,082.68 and costs in the amount of $13,337.41, in the form of a check made payable jointly to petitioners and petitioners' counsel, William Cochrane, Jr., Esq. The Clerk of the Court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this Decision.5

IT IS SO ORDERED.