MEMORANDUM OPINION

(Summarily Affirming the Bankruptcy Court)

HENRY E. HUDSON, Senior District Judge.

This bankruptcy matter is before the Court on an appeal filed by Brenda Gillis (pro se "Appellant") pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). Appellant, who is a debtor in a Chapter 13 bankruptcy case, appeals the Bankruptcy Court's October 17, 2018 Order (the "Order") that overruled her objection to Appellee's Proof of Claim 2. (See ECF No. 14-1.) In that Order, the Bankruptcy Court concluded that "[a]fter the taking of evidence and upon hearing argument from both parties, for reasons stated on the record; it is ORDERED that the [Appellant's] Objection to Claim 2 is OVERRULED and further ordered that Claim 2-1 is hereby deemed an allowed secured claim in the amounts claimed therein." (Id.) On appeal, Appellant challenges the Bankruptcy Court's factual conclusions. Appellant contends that she was not at the closing for the property in question, and as a result, counsel for Appellee allegedly presented a fraudulent Promissory Note and Deed of Trust during the Bankruptcy Court's hearing on October 16, 2018. (App. Br. 6-8, ECF No. 23.)

Both Appellant and Appellee have designated portions of the record that they believe to be pertinent to this appeal, pursuant to Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8009. (See ECF No. 14.) In addition, Appellant has filed multiple extraneous Motions, including two Motions to Vacate Judgment under Fed. R. Civ. P. 60, a Motion to Strike under Fed. R. Civ. P. 12, and a Motion to Take Judicial Notice.1 (See ECF Nos. 28, 10, 29, and 26.) Appellee filed a Motion to Dismiss the Appeal. (See ECF No. 16.) No hearing is necessary to resolve these Motions or the appeal, see Local Rule 7(J), and the Court also acknowledges that pro se complaints are afforded a liberal construction. Laber v. Harvey, 438 F.3d 404, 413 n.3 (4th Cir. 2006).

When considering an appeal from the bankruptcy court, the district court must accept the bankruptcy court's findings of fact unless those findings are clearly erroneous. In re Johnson, 960 F.2d 396, 399 (4th Cir. 1992). Put differently, decisions of fact that are "made in the exercise of a bankruptcy court's discretion will not be set aside unless there is plain error or an abuse of discretion." In re Suthers, 173 B.R. 570, 572 (W.D. Va. 1994) (quoting In re Lawless, 79 B.R. 850, 852 (W.D. Mo. 1987)). Conclusions of law, however, are reviewed de novo by a district court. See In re Plumlee, 236 B.R. 606, 609 (E.D. Va.1999) (citing In re Johnson, 960 F.2d at 399).

Fed. R. Bankr. P. 8009(a)(1)(A) instructs that "Nile appellant must file with the bankruptcy clerk and serve on the appellee a designation of the items to be included in the record on appeal and a statement of the issues to be presented." Furthermore, within 14 days of the appeal of right becoming effective, the appellant must order those hearing transcripts that she "considers necessary for the appeal" or "file with the bankruptcy clerk a certificate stating that the appellant is not ordering a transcript." Id. at (b)(1). Moreover, "[i]f the appellant intends to argue on appeal that a finding or conclusion is unsupported by the evidence or is contrary to the evidence, the appellant must include in the record a transcript of all relevant testimony and copies of all relevant exhibits." Id. at (b)(5).

The reason for this requirement is simple: the appellant must give the district court the necessary information to evaluate the bankruptcy court's evidentiary findings. If the appellant fails to provide this critical information, then the district court is justified in summarily affirming the holding of the bankruptcy court. See Sheppard v. Love, No. 6:16-CV-169, 2016 WL 7324100, at *3 (W.D. Tex. Dec. 15, 2016) ("Without a transcript, the Court cannot review the findings and conclusions of the bankruptcy court. And without such review the Court is left with no choice but to affirm the ruling of the bankruptcy court."); In re Cupit, 541 B.R. 739, 745 (D. Colo. 2015) ("If the record on appeal fails to include copies of the documents necessary to decide an issue on appeal, this Court is unable to rule on that issue and may summarily affirm the bankruptcy court.") (internal quotation marks omitted); In re Burris, 2:14-BK-10801-WB, 2015 WL 5922036, at *3 n.4 (B.A.P. 9th Cir. Oct. 9, 2015) (stating that where the bankruptcy court's "findings of fact and conclusions of law [were] made on the record," a transcript is "necessary" for the reviewing panel to evaluate the holding of the lower court).

In Appellant's designation of the record, she has provided this Court with more than 300 pages of material, most of which is comprised of duplicative documents that Appellant drafted without the assistance of counsel. (See ECF Nos. 14-3-14-6.) However, conspicuously absent from Appellant's record designation is a transcript of the Bankruptcy Court's October 16, 2018 hearing. In fact, Appellant expressly stated in bold font that she would not be providing a transcript. (See ECF No. 25 at 23 ("Appellant Brenda Coleman Gillis elected not to order a transcript.").)

Accordingly, it is impossible to evaluate the Bankruptcy Court's factual findings—which were explicitly stated on the record—without the benefit of a transcript. Furthermore, this Court views the Bankruptcy Court's factual findings with a great deal of deference, as it must, and overturn those findings only where there is clear error on the record. Therefore, because appellant has not filed a transcript in this case the Court cannot find that the Bankruptcy Court committed clear error, and, as a result, the Bankruptcy Court will be summarily affirmed.

An appropriate order will accompany this Memorandum Opinion.