ROBERT S. BALLOU, Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiff Philip Stonestreet ("Stonestreet") filed this action challenging the final decision of the Commissioner of Social Security ("Commissioner") finding him not disabled and therefore ineligible for disability insurance benefits ("DIB") under the Social Security Act ("Act"). 42 U.S.C. §§ 401-433. Specifically, Stonestreet alleges that the Administrative Law Judge ("ALJ") erred in weighing the opinion of a consulting psychologist, and improperly relied on the Medical-Vocational Guidelines in finding that jobs exist in significant numbers in the national economy that Stonestreet could perform.
This court has jurisdiction pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). This case is before me by referral pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B). The parties have fully briefed all issues and the case is now ripe for decision. I have carefully reviewed the administrative record, the legal memoranda, and the applicable law. I conclude that substantial evidence supports the ALJ`s decision and that the decision on all grounds. As such, I
Section 405(g) of Title 42 of the United States Code authorizes judicial review of the Commissioner`s denial of social security benefits.
Stonestreet bears the burden of proving that he is disabled within the meaning of the Act.
The Commissioner uses a five-step process to evaluate a disability claim.
Stonestreet was born on June 30, 1958 (Administrative Record, hereinafter "R." at 147), and was considered a "younger person"
Stonestreet protectively filed for DIB on April 4, 2008, claiming that his disability began on March 19, 2008. R. 203. The state agency denied his application at the initial and reconsideration levels of administrative review. R. 101, 109. On July 26, 2010, ALJ Drew A. Swank held a hearing to consider Stonestreet`s disability claim. R. 27-55. Stonestreet was represented by an attorney at the hearing, which included testimony from Stonestreet but no vocational expert. R. 28-55.
On September 3, 2010, the ALJ denied Stonestreet`s claims. R. 22. The ALJ found that Stonestreet suffered from the severe impairments of degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine, major depressive disorder, and alcohol-based substance abuse disorder. R. 16. The ALJ found that these impairments, either individually or in combination, did not meet or medically equal a listed impairment. R. 22. The ALJ further found that Stonestreet retained the residual functional capacity ("RFC") to perform a range of light, unskilled work activity that:
R. 17. Furthermore, the ALJ found that Stonestreet`s "remaining mental capacities are sufficient to meet the intellectual and emotional demands of at least unskilled, competitive, remunerative work on a sustained basis." R. 17-18. The ALJ determined that Stonestreet was not capable of performing his past relevant work, but that transferability of job skills was not an issue because he was not disabled under Medical-Vocational Rules 202.21 and 202.14. R. 21-22. Thus, the ALJ concluded that he was not disabled. R. 22. On August 20, 2012, the Appeals Council denied Stonestreet`s request for review (R. 1-4), and this appeal followed.
Stonestreet raises two issues in this appeal. First, Stonestreet contends that the ALJ improperly discounted the opinion of a consultative psychologist. Second, Stonestreet argues that the ALJ improperly relied on the Medical-Vocational Guidelines to find that a significant number of jobs existed of which Stonestreet could perform. I find that substantial evidence supports the ALJ`s decision on both grounds.
First, Stonestreet alleges that the ALJ erred in discounting the opinion of psychologist Robert J. Verdile, Ph.D., who Stonestreet contends qualifies as a treating source entitled up to controlling weight under 20 C.F.R. §404.1527(c). The record contains two examination reports from Dr. Verdile, dated October 30, 2008 (R. 418-21) and December 18, 2008. R. 422-33. In each evaluation report, Dr. Verdile reviewed Stonestreet`s psychiatric history and conducted a mental status examination, but at the December 2008 evaluation, Dr. Verdile performed more comprehensive cognitive and psychiatric testing. R. 424-31. Dr. Verdile diagnosed Stonestreet with "major depression, severe, recurrent without psychotic features," alcohol dependence, mild cognitive disorder, and a Global Assessment of Functioning of 50.
R. 420, 432.
The ALJ gave Dr. Verdile`s opinion "appropriate weight" but found "that the severe deficiencies noted in performing work consistently and completing a normal workday unsupported by other evidence of record." R. 20. The ALJ called Dr. Verdile`s reports a "snapshot" of Stonestreet`s functioning and that they "appear[ed] to be an overstatement of the severity of his limitations." R. 20. The ALJ further explained that Dr. Verdile relied primarily on Stonestreet`s subjective complaints, and noted that Stonestreet returned to work in 2009 and 2010. Moreover, the ALJ found support for his decision by the fact that Stonestreet had the ability to perform various activities of daily living. The ALJ concluded that "the longitudinal record supports that the claimant can perform work activity" as provided in the RFC, which limited Stonestreet to simple work with no more than occasional interaction with the general public. R. 17-18, 20. I find that the ALJ`s evaluation of Dr. Verdile`s opinion is supported by substantial evidence.
Stonestreet`s argument is flawed from the outset. Contrary to Stonestreet`s contention, Dr. Verdile is properly classified as a nontreating consultative examiner, and not a treating psychologist warranting enhanced deference under the regulations. The regulations state that a "[t]reating source means your own ... psychologist ... who provides you, or has provided you, with medical treatment or evaluation and who has, or has had, an ongoing treatment relationship with you." 20 C.F.R. § 404.1502. Furthermore, the agency:
The record in this case shows that Dr. Verdile saw Stonestreet only twice, and not for treatment, ongoing or otherwise. The examinations by Dr. Verdile were for the purposes of determining disability only, and not based on Stonestreet`s medical need for treatment or evaluation. In fact, each report contains an attestation that states that Dr. Verdile was "authorized or contracted by the Disability Determination Services to examine the claimant ... and produced a consultative examination report for that claimant." R. 421, 433. Moreover, Stonestreet admits in his brief that "[t]he Commissioner arranged [the] consultative psychological evaluation" by Dr. Verdile. Pl.`s Br. Summ. J. 4. Dr. Verdile`s opinion is therefore not entitled to controlling weight, even in the best of circumstances. S.S.R. 96-2p, 1996 WL 374188 at *2 (July 2, 1996) ("[O]pinions from sources other than treating sources can never be entitled to `controlling weight.`").
When making an RFC assessment, the ALJ must assess every medical opinion received into evidence. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c). The regulations provide that the opinion of a consultative examiner like Dr. Verdile is given more weight than a medical source that has not examined the claimant. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(1). However, the ALJ must weigh several factors when evaluating a consultative opinion, such as whether relevant medical evidence supports the opinion, how well explained the opinion is, how consistent the opinion is with the record as a whole, and whether the opinion is from a specialist in the relevant field. 20 C.F.R. § 416.927(c)(3-6). Ultimately, the ALJ must consider the opinions received in light of the evidence of record and the ALJ must determine whether the record supports the opinions offered.
"State agency medical and psychological consultants ... are highly qualified physicians, psychologists, and other medical specialists who are also experts in Social Security disability evaluation," and therefore, the ALJ "must consider their findings except for the ultimate determination about whether a claimant is disabled." 20 CFR § 404.1527(e)(2)(i). While an examiner`s opinion is generally accorded more weight than a non-examiner`s opinion, if an "opinion is not supported by clinical evidence or if it is inconsistent with other substantial evidence, it should be accorded significantly less weight."
Sparse medical evidence in the record shows any functional loss caused by Stonestreet`s depression and alcoholism. During the relevant period since March 2008, Stonestreet has not sought any mental health treatment, and his treatment for alcoholism consisted of attending AA meetings several times a week. R. 42, 437. A medical note from a couple months prior to the alleged onset of disability shows that Stonestreet complained of stress and anger issues to his family doctor, was assessed with depression, and was prescribed the antidepressant Citalopram. R. 414. Records show that he continued to take the medication until at least May 20, 2008 (R. 466), although Stonestreet reported discontinuing it due to finances sometime before September 22, 2008. R. 436. At doctor`s visits for his physical impairments in May 2008, Stonestreet`s mental status exams were normal. R. 403, 466-68. Stonestreet did not report any decreased memory at that time either. R. 403.
The majority of Stonestreet`s mental health history contained in the record comes from Stonestreet`s hearing testimony and his subjective reports. In September 2008, in speaking with his disability case worker, Stonestreet reported that he was diagnosed with bipolar disorder around 1993, but had not sought mental health treatment since that time. R. 436-37. Stonestreet said he felt like he was going "nuts" and that he couldn`t stand to be around other people. R. 437. Stonestreet also explained that his memory "comes and goes," although during the conversation the case worker noted that Stonestreet did not have any difficulty with memory, recalling distant dates and names. R. 437. When asked how often he was able to work in his garden, Stonestreet initially stated "he could go out there quite a bit but retracted that immediately stating his back hurt so bad." R. 427.
At the administrative hearing, Stonestreet testified that he did not have any psychiatric hospitalizations or outpatient treatment since March 19, 2008. R. 44. Stonestreet stated that he had not consumed alcohol in nine and a half months. R. 45. Stonestreet explained that friends still visited him and that he didn`t mind being around them, but after a while he "can`t wait for them to leave." R. 48. Stonestreet explained that he quit his job as a forklift operator in March 2008 because of the stress caused by his supervisor, and that he was laid off from his job as a lab tech at an asphalt company in 2009. R. 50-51. As to his memory problems, Stonestreet said that he needed written reminders to run errands such as getting a loaf of bread at the grocery store. R. 51.
Stonestreet reported to Dr. Verdile that he began to abuse alcohol in early adolescence, and that alcohol was self-medication for stress. R. 422-23. Stonestreet stated that he left his job in March 2008 because of his physical limitations, but that "spurts of anger interfered with job performance." R. 423. On both occasions, Dr. Verdile found Stonestreet depressed and sad, that he rambled, had suicidal ideations, and had poor insight and judgment. R. 419, 423-24. However, Stonestreet`s speech was normal, he was properly oriented, he denied hallucinations or delusions, and his self-perception was intact. R. 419, 423-24. Dr. Verdile found that, based on IQ testing, Stonestreet`s overall cognitive ability was in the average range. R. 428. Furthermore, Stonestreet`s scores on the Working Memory Index were also in the average range. R. 428. Dr. Verdile noted that Stonestreet`s "[p]rognosis is poor given chronicity of depression and alcoholism and lack of resources." R. 431. Despite these relatively benign test results, Dr. Verdile provided a medical source statement suggesting severe limitations in Stonestreet`s ability to do things like perform work activities on a consistent basis and deal with the stressors of competitive work. R. 432.
State agency physician Robert Chaplin, M.D. reviewed Stonestreet`s history at the initial level, which included the consultative opinion of Dr. Verdile. R. 56-76. Dr. Chaplin found that Stonestreet would be moderately limited in: understanding, remembering, and carrying out detailed instructions; maintaining attention and concentration for extended periods; working in coordination with or in proximity to others without distraction; interacting appropriately with the general public; accepting instructions and responding appropriately to criticisms from supervisors; getting along with co-workers or peers without distracting them or exhibiting behavioral extremes; responding appropriately to changes in the work setting; and setting realistic goals or making plans independently of others. R. 69-72. However, Dr. Chaplin found that Stonestreet would not be significantly limited in all other spheres of mental functioning considered. In explaining why these findings were different from Dr. Verdile`s, Dr. Chaplin noted that:
R. 72-73. On reconsideration, state agency psychologist Dr. John Kalil made identical findings regarding Stonestreet`s mental RFC, and similarly discounted the opinion of Dr. Verdile. R. 78-91.
This record provides substantial evidence to support the ALJ`s weighing of Dr. Verdile`s opinion. Stonestreet isolates only "two pieces of evidence" cited by the ALJ in support of discounting the opinion of Dr. Verdile: Stonestreet`s performance of activities of daily living and his continued work past the alleged onset date. Pl.`s Br. Summ. J. 14. However, this neglects the ALJ`s most significant support—the fact that the longitudinal record failed to support a finding of mental limitation greater than what was provided for in the RFC. R. 20. Notably, Stonestreet did not seek or receive any mental health treatment during the relevant period. Other than Dr. Verdile`s mental status examinations, reviews of Stonestreet`s mental health were unremarkable, including a note that indicates Stonestreet did not have decreased memory. R. 403, 466-68.
In light of the sparse independent evidence and the nature of the reports, I concur with the ALJ and both state agency evaluators that Dr. Verdile`s findings appear to be based primarily on the subjective reports of Stonestreet. The only objective testing regarding Stonestreet`s mental abilities came from Dr. Verdile himself in the form of IQ and memory proficiency testing. Yet Dr. Verdile measured Stonestreet`s ability in the average range overall for both IQ and memory, findings not suggestive of disability. R. 428. Setting aside this objective testing leaves little more than Stonestreet`s subjective complaints in support his claim that he has significant mental limitations.
Stonestreet`s subjective complaints of disabling symptoms are not conclusive. The ALJ must examine all of the evidence and determine whether Stonestreet has met his burden of showing that he suffers from an underlying impairment which is reasonably expected to produce his claimed symptoms.
Further undermining Stonestreet`s claim is the fact that he continued working for periods well after the date of alleged onset of disability.
When considering Dr. Verdile`s opinion, the ALJ properly noted the inconsistent longitudinal record, Stonestreet`s reported activities of daily living, and the fact that Stonestreet continued to work following his alleged onset of disability. The ALJ found that Stonestreet`s symptoms cause "moderate deficiencies in social functioning and concentration, persistence and pace," (R. 20) and accommodated those deficiencies by restricting Stonestreet to "simple work with no more than occasional interaction with the general public." R. 17. This decision reflects that the ALJ considered the relevant factors under the regulations for evaluating opinion evidence.
Stonestreet next argues that the ALJ erred in his reliance on the Medical-Vocational Guidelines (hereinafter "grid tables") when determining that Stonestreet retained the ability to work. Stonestreet contends that he has non-exertional limitations, as found by Dr. Verdile, which preclude reliance on the grid tables and which required a vocational expert to determine if substantial jobs exist which he could perform. I disagree, and find that substantial evidence supports the ALJ`s decision at step five.
The Commissioner bears the burden at step five to show the existence of a significant number of jobs in the national economy that a claimant can perform given his RFC. To aid in making this determination, the Commissioner promulgated the grid tables located at 20 C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 2.
The Fourth Circuit has held that "not every malady of a `nonexertional' nature rises to the level of a `nonexertional impairment`" so as to preclude the use of the grid tables.
In this case, the ALJ found that Stonestreet retained the capacity to perform a range of unskilled, light work with additional postural, environmental and mental limitations. R. 17. At step five, the ALJ considered Medical-Vocational Rules 202.21 and 202.14, which directed a finding of non-disability with Stonestreet`s age, education, and work experience.
Stonestreet does not allege that the postural and environmental limitations eroded the light, unskilled work occupational base. Instead, Stonestreet again relies on the opinion of Dr. Verdile reflecting on his alleged mental limitations. However, substantial evidence supports the finding that Stonestreet`s nonexertional maladies of alcoholism and depression did not significantly affect his ability to perform work light work, therefore leaving his occupational base insignificantly affected. As discussed above, the longitudinal record does not support Stonestreet`s contention that his nonexertional impairments significantly affected his ability to perform unskilled work at the light exertional level. The ALJ was correct in that Dr. Verdile`s evaluations were a "snapshot" in time and not indicative of sustained mental limitations. State agency evaluators Drs. Chaplin and Kalil both found Stonestreet not disabled (R. 72-73, 78-91) and Stonestreet`s subjective complaints are undermined by his activities of daily living and his work performed after the alleged onset of disability.
Although the evidence established that Stonestreet experienced some functional limitation from his nonexertional mental impairments, I find that they fall short of an impairment which would preclude use of the grid tables. Moreover, the RFC appropriately accommodated these limitations. For these reasons, I find that substantial evidence supports the ALJ`s decision to rely on the grid tables at step five when determining that a significant number of jobs existed in the national economy that Stonestreet could perform.
It is not the province of the court to make a disability determination. The Court`s role is limited to determining whether the Commissioner`s decision is supported by substantial evidence, and in this case, substantial evidence supports the ALJ`s opinion. In recommending that the final decision of the Commissioner be affirmed, I do not suggest that Stonestreet is totally free from any distress. The objective medical record simply fails to document the existence of conditions which would reasonably be expected to result in total disability from all forms of substantial gainful employment. It appears that the ALJ properly considered all of the objective and subjective evidence in adjudicating Stonestreet`s claim for benefits and in determining that his physical and mental impairments would not prevent him from performing any work. It follows that all facets of the Commissioner`s decision in this case are supported by substantial evidence. Accordingly, I recommend that the Commissioner`s decision be affirmed, the defendant`s motion for summary judgment be
The Clerk is directed to transmit the record in this case to Michael F. Urbanski, United States District Judge, and to provide copies of this Report and Recommendation to counsel of record. Both sides are reminded that pursuant to Rule 72(b), they are entitled to note any objections to this Report and Recommendation within fourteen (14) days hereof. Any adjudication of fact or conclusion of law rendered herein by me that is not specifically objected to within the period prescribed by law may become conclusive upon the parties. Failure to file specific objections pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(C) as to factual recitations or findings as well as to the conclusion reached by me may be construed by any reviewing court as a waiver of such objection.