J. GARVAN MURTHA, District Judge.
Defendant Malcolm Tanner moves to dismiss the indictment (Doc. 14) alleging he illegally possessed a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). (Doc. 17.) Tanner contends the indictment violates the Ninth and Tenth Amendments of the United States Constitution as well as the Vermont Constitution. (Doc. 17 at 1, 6.) The government responds the indictment properly charges Tanner with being a felon in possession of a firearm because 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1) is a constitutional exercise of federal power. (Doc. 19.) Tanner did not file a reply. For the reasons stated below, the motion to dismiss the indictment is denied.
Tanner was arrested on July 13, 2016, by Special Agents from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms & Explosives ("ATF") for being a felon in possession of a firearm. Tanner has four felony convictions that qualify as prohibiting felonies under 18 U.S.C. § 921(a)(20): (1) a 1995 conviction for sale of drugs; (2) a 1999 conviction for theft by unauthorized taking; (3) a 2004 conviction for drug possession; and (4) a 2013 conviction for theft by unauthorized taking. (Docs. 17 at 1, 19 at 1.) ATF agents learned Burlington Police Department ("BPD") officers had observed Tanner, in June and July 2016, riding a bicycle around the city of Burlington with a rifle strapped to his back. The local police were unaware of Tanner's felony convictions and determined he had not committed a state crime.
When the ATF Agents stopped Tanner on July 13, he had a Sears Roebuck and Co. Model 2200 .22 caliber semi-automatic rifle slung across his back. The rifle's magazine tube was loaded with seven rounds of ammunition. The chamber was empty. ATF Special Agent James Berger determined the rifle was manufactured by Stevens and concluded it was not manufactured in the state of Vermont.
Under Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 7(c)(1), an indictment need only track the language of the statute charged and state the time and place of the alleged crime.
Tanner asserts the application of § 922(g)(1) is an impermissible intrusion on state sovereignty in violation of the Tenth Amendment. He argues by assuming the authority to prosecute any and all cases of felons possessing firearms, the federal government has assumed a general police power, subverting the structure that leaves local criminal activity to the states. (Doc. 17 at 2.) He contends this "overstepping" is "particularly egregious" because the prosecution attempts to regulate purely local activity expressly permitted by the Vermont Constitution which secures the right to bear arms.
The Supreme Court and Second Circuit Court of Appeals have held § 922(g)(1) to be constitutional on its face.
The Vermont Constitution cannot prevent application of a federal statute because the Supremacy Clause of the United States Constitution provides federal law "shall be the supreme Law of the Land . . . the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding." U.S. Const. Art. VI, § 2.
The motion to dismiss is denied because the indictment sufficiently charges Tanner with knowingly possessing a firearm and ammunition "in or affecting commerce." (Doc. 14.) The government will have to prove its assertion that the rifle Tanner possessed in Burlington, Vermont was not manufactured in Vermont.
For the above reasons, Defendant's motion to dismiss the indictment (Doc. 17) is DENIED. This case will be placed on the January 10, 2017 trial calendar.
SO ORDERED.