ORDER DENYING PLAINTIFF'S MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT

BENJAMIN H. SETTLE, District Judge.

This matter comes before the Court on the United States of America's motion for summary judgment (Dkt. 31). The Court has considered the pleadings filed in support of and in opposition to the motion and the remainder of the file and hereby denies the motion for the reasons stated herein.

I. PROCEDURAL HISTORY

On August 8, 2014, the Government filed a complaint against Defendants Heritage Chiropractic Clinic, Joy L. Isakson, Michael R. Isakson, JP Morgan Chase Co., Pierce County, and J & M Charitable Foundation to foreclose federal tax liens on two properties. Dkt. 1.

On September 2, 2015, the government filed a motion for summary judgment against Michael and Joy Isakson ("Isaksons") and J&M Charitable Foundation ("J&M") (collectively "Defendants"). Dkt. 31. On September 21, 2015, Defendants responded. Dkt. 32. On September 25, 2015, the government replied. Dkt. 33.

II. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

Michael and Joy Isakson married in 1976. Dkt. 31, Exh. 1, Michael Isakson Deposition ("MI Dep.") at 26:25. Michael has worked as a licensed electrician since 1977 and is the couple's primary source of income. Id. at 42:14-16. The Isaksons have three adult children: Michael Jr., Jeffrey, and Michelle. Id. at 89:1-8. The Isaksons have also raised another child, D.M, since the age of four even though they do not have legal custody of him. Id. at 58:18-59:17.

On November 15, 1977, the Isaksons acquired a parcel of real property located at 3725 South K Street, Tacoma, Washington (the "Tacoma Property") via a Statutory Warranty Deed. Dkt. 31, Exh. 3; MI Dep. at 127:19-128:2. The Isaksons use the Tacoma Property as their personal residence and have lived there continuously since 1977. Id. at 128:7-8; Dkt. 31, Exh. 2, Joy Isakson Deposition ("JI Dep.") at 55:11-22.

On July 2, 1993, the Isaksons acquired a parcel of real property located at 4101 Lakeridge Drive E., Sumner, Washington (the "Lake Tapps" Property) via Quitclaim Deed from Joy Isakson's father, Harold E. Fernald. Dkt. 31, Exh. 4; MI Dep. at 144:16-25. The Isaksons have continuously used the lakefront property for recreational purposes. JI Dep. at 37:19-23, 66:23-25, 70:3-7.

On October 17, 2006, the Isaksons created J&M. MI Dep. at 88:12-17, 89:21-24; Dkt. 31, Exh. 5 ("Trust Agreement"). In 2007, the IRS issued the Isaksons an employee identification number for J&M, and they opened a bank account for the foundation thereafter. MI Dep. at 88:12-17, 89:21-24. Michael personally provided the money required to open the bank account, which amounted to a few hundred dollars. Id. at 87:22-88:6.

On September 29, 2007, the Isaksons transferred the Tacoma Property to J&M via Quitclaim Deed. Dkt. 31, Exh. 7. The Isaksons claim that they received ten dollars in consideration for the property but admitted that no money actually changed hands. Id.; MI Dep. 133:17-18. On the same day, the Isaksons also transferred the Lake Tapps Property to J&M via Quitclaim Deed. Dkt. 31, Exh. 8. According to the deed, the Isaksons received ten dollars in consideration for the property, but again no money changed hands. Id.; MI Dep. at 148:3-5.

On April 15, 2009, the Isaksons electronically filed a joint income tax return for the 2008 tax year using what the government claims was a "fraudulent OID tax scheme." Dkt. 31, Exh. 9; MI Dep. at 81:15-83:22. On the form, the Isaksons listed their total income as $671,229.00 and claimed $597,386.00 in withholdings. Dkt. 31, Exh. 9. The government asserts that both of these numbers were false "in order to illegally obtain a refund to which [the Isaksons] were not entitled." Dkt. 31 at 10. On April 24, 2009, the Isaksons received a tax refund of $393,132.00, which was direct deposited in their joint account. Dkt. 31, Exh. 10.

Although the Tacoma Property had already been transferred to J&M, the Isaksons used $81,500.00 of the refund money to pay off the mortgage on the Tacoma Property. MI Dep. 85:23-86:7, 177:10-20; JI Dep. 107:6-24. The Isaksons withdrew nearly $200,000 in cashier's checks, which they then used to pay off credit cards and donate money to their church. MI Dep. 85:23-86:10, 177:24-178:19, JI Dep. 107:25-110:6. The remainder of the refund money is in cash in a safe at the Tacoma Property. MI Dep. 86:11-22.

On May 24, 2010, a duly authorized delegate of the Secretary of the Treasury made timely assessments against the Isakson for unpaid federal income taxes for the tax year ending December 31, 2008, in the amount of $597,361.00 and interest in the amount of $24,479.63. Dkt. 31, Exh. 11. Thereafter, the Isaksons received multiple letters from the IRS informing them of their tax liabilities.

In August 2010, the Isaksons submitted a Form 1040X Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return for the 2008 tax year. Dkt. 31, Exh. 16. On that filing, the Isaksons stated that their originally reported adjusted gross income of $658,418 should be reduced by $597,361 to $61,057. Id., Exh. 17. The amended return also admitted that their original reporting of federal income tax withholding of $597,361 should actually be $0. Id. In the explanation of changes, the Isaksons stated: "[T]his return corrects the prior submittal per the recent Court decisions. The IRS never answered the 1099-OID questions for the past three years." Id. At his deposition, Mr. Isakson admitted that he filed the amended return, but could not explain the rationale set forth in the explanation of changes. MI Dep. 174:10-176:8. The Isaksons further conceded that the original return was incorrect, and that the amended return reflects their correct income and liability for 2008. MI Dep. 123:5-12; JI Dep. 91:10-16.

On October 17, 2011, after receiving and processing the 2008 amended tax return, the IRS adjusted the tax assessments against the Isaksons accordingly. Dkt. 31, Exh. 11. Further, on October 24, 2011, the IRS assessed a $5,000 penalty against Mr. Isakson under 26 U.S.C. § 6702 for filing the original frivolous return. Id., Exh. 17. The IRS has been able to collect small amounts of the unpaid taxes through forced collection, but a large balance persists. Dkt. 31, Exh. 11. On November 28, 2011 and November 26, 2012, the IRS assessed penalties against the Isaksons under 26 U.S.C. § 6651 for their failure to pay. Id. As of August 8, 2014, the total balance that the Isaksons owed the IRS was $498,896.30. Dkt. 31, Exh. 18.

On June 29, 2010, a delegate of the Secretary of the Treasury recorded in the County Auditor of Pierce County a Notice of Federal Tax Lien against "Michael R. & Joy L. Isakson" for the 2008 income tax year. Dkt. 31, Exh. 7. On May 11, 2011, a delegate of the Secretary of the Treasury recorded in the County Auditor of Pierce County a Notice of Federal Tax Lien identifying "J & M Charitable Foundation as nominee, alter ego, and/or transferee of Michael R. & Joy L. Isakson" and referencing the United States' tax lien for the 2008 year. Id.

After the Tacoma Property was transferred to J&M, the Isaksons' use of the Tacoma Property did not change in any meaningful way. The Isaksons continued to use the property as their residence and did not pay any rent to J&M. MI Dep. at 134:17-23. Prior to the transfer of the Tacoma Property to J&M, the Isaksons provided shelter, free of charge, to various individuals with whom they were friendly. JI Dep. 62:9-63:12.

Similarly, the Isaksons' use of the Lake Tapps Property did not change in any meaningful way after it was transferred to J&M. Prior to the transfer, the Isaksons visited the property to swim, and they invited families to swim and enjoy the property with them. JI Dep. 37:19-23, 66:23-25.

III. DISCUSSION

A. Summary Judgment Standard

Summary judgment is proper only if the pleadings, the discovery and disclosure materials on file, and any affidavits show that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and that the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). The moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law when the nonmoving party fails to make a sufficient showing on an essential element of a claim in the case on which the nonmoving party has the burden of proof. Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323 (1986). There is no genuine issue of fact for trial where the record, taken as a whole, could not lead a rational trier of fact to find for the nonmoving party. Matsushita Elec. Indus. Co. v. Zenith Radio Corp., 475 U.S. 574, 586 (1986) (nonmoving party must present specific, significant probative evidence, not simply "some metaphysical doubt"). See also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(e). Conversely, a genuine dispute over a material fact exists if there is sufficient evidence supporting the claimed factual dispute, requiring a judge or jury to resolve the differing versions of the truth. Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 253 (1986); T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc. v. Pac. Elec. Contractors Ass'n, 809 F.2d 626, 630 (9th Cir. 1987).

The determination of the existence of a material fact is often a close question. The Court must consider the substantive evidentiary burden that the nonmoving party must meet at trial — e.g., a preponderance of the evidence in most civil cases. Anderson, 477 U.S. at 254; T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc., 809 F.2d at 630. The Court must resolve any factual issues of controversy in favor of the nonmoving party only when the facts specifically attested by that party contradict facts specifically attested by the moving party. The nonmoving party may not merely state that it will discredit the moving party's evidence at trial, in the hopes that evidence can be developed at trial to support the claim. T.W. Elec. Serv., Inc., 809 F.2d at 630 (relying on Anderson, 477 U.S. at 255). Conclusory, nonspecific statements in affidavits are not sufficient, and missing facts will not be presumed. Lujan v. Nat'l Wildlife Fed'n, 497 U.S. 871, 888-89 (1990).

B. Government's Motion

When a taxpayer neglects or refuses to pay taxes, the IRS may, upon notice, levy upon the delinquent taxpayer's property. 26 U.S.C. § 6331(a).

In this case, the only dispute is whether the government may levy upon the properties that the Isaksons transferred to J&M. On this issue, the government asserts two theories under which it may levy upon the properties in question: (1) J&M is the alter ego of the Isaksons and (2) the Isaksons fraudulently transferred the properties. Dkt. 31 at 20-28. With regard to the former, it is a borderline case whether material questions of fact remain for trial. Because the government is the moving party and has the burden of proof at trial, its "showing must be sufficient for the court to hold that no reasonable trier of fact could find other than for the moving party." Calderone v. United States, 799 F.2d 254, 259 (6th Cir. 1986) (citation omitted); see also Southern Calif. Gas Co. v. City of Santa Ana, 336 F.3d 885, 888 (9th Cir. 2003). While the Isaksons' contentions that J&M is not an alter ego are weak at best (Dkt. 32 at 10-14), the Court is unable to conclude that no reasonable trier of fact would find in their favor. Thus, the Court declines to thoroughly address this issue because the other theory is dispositive.

With regard to the government's alternative theory, Washington has adopted the Uniform Fraudulent Transfer Act. RCW 19.40.041. Under that statute, a transfer is fraudulent if the transfer is made

Id. The government argues that the facts establish a fraudulent transfer under this portion of the statute while the Isaksons argue that questions of fact exist. While the Court agrees with the government that no reasonably equivalent value was exchanged, the Court finds that questions of fact exist on each of the other alternative elements. Material questions of fact exist mainly because eighteen months passed between the transfer of the properties and the filing of the relevant tax return. For example, a reasonable juror could conclude that, when the transfers were made, the Isaksons were neither engaged in nor were about to engage in a business transaction that would sufficiently decrease their remaining assets. Similarly, whether they intended to incur or reasonably believed that they would incur significant debt at the time of transfer is an open question of fact. The Isaksons attending a conference and/or obtaining some tax defiler information before or around the time of the transfer definitely weighs in the governments' favor, but the Court is unable to conclude as a matter of law that no reasonable juror could believe the Isaksons' story. Therefore, the Court denies the government's motion on this issue because questions of fact remain for trial.

IV. ORDER

Therefore, it is hereby ORDERED that the government's motion for summary judgment (Dkt. 31) is DENIED.