SHERMAN, J.
¶ 1 Heritage Farms, Inc. appeals a judgment and an order of the circuit court denying its request for double damages under WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1) (2007-08),
¶ 2 This appeal follows a remand from the supreme court to the circuit court. See Heritage Farms, Inc. v. Markel Ins. Co., 2009 WI 27, 316 Wis.2d 47, 762 N.W.2d 652. The relevant facts are found in the supreme court's decision:
Id., ¶¶ 3-4 (footnotes omitted).
¶ 3 On petition for further review, the supreme court reversed the court of appeal's decision. The supreme court in Heritage II concluded that WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1) "is not limited to a specific class of tortfeasor such as a railroad corporation, and a violation under WIS. STAT. § 26.20 is not a prerequisite for the applicability of § 26.21(1)." Id., ¶ 2. The court further concluded that § 26.21(1) "does not require a showing of `gross negligence,'"
¶ 4 On remand, Heritage Farms moved the circuit court for an award pursuant to WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1) of double the compensatory damages and reasonable costs for legal representation, as well as twelve percent interest on the doubled portion of the damages and costs of legal representation from October 13, 2006, the date of the original verdict, until those costs are paid. The circuit court granted Heritage Farms' request for actual attorney's fees and costs it incurred, but denied its request for double damages and twelve percent interest. The court reasoned that the present case did not present a situation in which the court should exercise its discretion and double the compensatory damage award.
¶ 5 Heritage Farms moved the circuit court for reconsideration. The court denied Heritage Farms' motion. The court explained that it did not "think there's a mandate that all negligent tortfeasors be punished for starting forest fires" and that it did not believe that Knaack needed to be punished. Heritage Farms appeals.
¶ 6 Heritage Farms contends the circuit court erred in ruling that an award of double damages in this case was not mandatory under WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1) and in denying its request for twelve percent interest. We address each argument in turn.
¶ 7 WISCONSIN STAT. § 26.21(1) provides that the owner of private property "injured or destroyed by forest fires, may recover, in a civil action, double the amount of damages suffered, if the fires occurred through willfulness, malice or negligence." (Emphasis added.) Heritage Farms contends that the word "may" in § 26.21(1) should be construed as "shall" and that once a legal determination has been made that a forest fire occurred through willfulness, malice, or negligence, a circuit court must, by operation of law, award double damages to a private property owner under § 26.21(1).
¶ 8 Heritage Farms argues that:
It argues that construing "may" as "shall" fulfills the legislative intent underlying WIS. STAT. ch. 26, which is "to punish those who set forest fires whether willfully, maliciously or negligently." See Heritage Farms II, 316 Wis.2d 47, ¶ 41, 762 N.W.2d 652. It further argues § 26.21(1) imposes a penalty and, as a result, the double damages provision should be held mandatory.
¶ 9 "Whether a statute is mandatory or discretionary is a matter of statutory construction," which presents a question of law reviewed de novo by this court. F.T. v. State, 150 Wis.2d 216, 221, 441 N.W.2d 322 (Ct.App. 1989). The word "may" in a statute is generally construed as permissive unless a different construction is required by the statute to carry out the clear intent of the legislature. City of Wauwatosa v. Milwaukee County, 22 Wis.2d 184, 191, 125 N.W.2d 386 (1963). Where the legislature uses the words "may" and "shall" in the same or related sections of a statute, the presumption that "may" is permissible and "shall" is mandatory is strengthened because such use demonstrates the legislature was aware of the different denotations and intended the
¶ 10 In subsection (1) of WIS. STAT. § 26.21, the legislature used the word "may" in describing a private owner's right to recover double damages in the event that a forest fire results from "willfulness, malice or negligence." In subsection (2) of § 26.21, the legislature used the word "shall" in describing an individual's liability to the State and municipalities for damage caused to State and municipal lands and for expenses incurred by towns and municipalities in fighting forest fires.
¶ 11 The legislature's use of the words "may" in subsection (1) and "shall" in subsection (2) in describing the liability of an individual responsible for causing a forest fire demonstrates the legislature's awareness that the terms "may" and "shall" have different denotations and its intention that the words be given their precise meaning. See Karow, 82 Wis.2d at 571, 263 N.W.2d 214. Had the legislature intended "may" in subsection (1) to mean "shall," the legislature would have used the word "shall" as it did in subsection (2). Because there is no indication of a legislative intent to give the word "may" any thing other than its ordinary meaning, no other construction is warranted. See City of Wauwatosa, 22 Wis.2d at 184, 125 N.W.2d 386. Accordingly, we reject Heritage Farms' contention that "may" in subsection (1) should be construed as "shall," and hold instead that the legislature intended that "may" be construed as permissive, not mandatory.
¶ 12 Heritage Farms contends that even if WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1) is not mandatory there should, "at the very least," be a presumption in favor of awarding double damages and costs of legal representation. We disagree.
¶ 13 Heritage Farms relies on State ex rel. Hodge v. Town of Turtle Lake, 180 Wis.2d 62, 508 N.W.2d 603 (1993), wherein the supreme court held that under WIS. STAT. § 19.97(4), which addresses enforcement of the Open Meeting Laws, a presumption exists that a prevailing party is entitled to attorney's fees "if an award would advance the purpose of the Open Meetings law." Town of Turtle Lake, 180 Wis.2d at 78, 508 N.W.2d 603. Town of Turtle Lake in essence addressed whether there is a presumption under § 19.97(4) that a realtor who is essentially "serv[ing] as a private attorney general by vindicating his or her own rights and the rights of the public to open government" is entitled to fees to make him or her whole. Id. at 78, 508 N.W.2d 603. That is not the situation presented by WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1), which authorizes an award of double the amount of damages actually suffered to property owners who seek compensation for their private loss, not the vindication of public rights. Heritage Farms does not cite to any other legal authority supporting its position that an award of double damages under § 26.21(1) should be presumed and we decline to hold that such a presumption exists.
¶ 14 Because Heritage Farms does not otherwise contend that the circuit court's denial of its request for double damages was an erroneous exercise of the court's discretion, we affirm the court's discretionary decision to deny Heritage Farms double damages under WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1).
¶ 15 Heritage Farms contends that it is entitled to twelve percent interest on any award of double damages and the cost of legal representation to achieve such damages. Because we affirm the circuit court's denial of double damages under WIS. STAT. § 26.21(1), we need not address whether Heritage Farms was entitled to interest on those damages and on the cost of legal representation to obtain those
¶ 16 For the reasons discussed above, we affirm.
Judgment and order affirmed.
WISCONSIN STAT. § 26.21 provides: