Elawyers Elawyers
Washington| Change
Find Similar Cases by Filters
You can browse Case Laws by Courts, or by your need.
Find 49 similar cases
DIVISION OF REAL ESTATE vs. GEORGE N. OSBURN, 82-000175 (1982)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 82-000175 Latest Update: Oct. 04, 1982

Findings Of Fact The Respondent, George N. Osburn, is a licensed real estate salesman having been issued license number 0065910 and he was so licensed on or about February 26, 1979. The Petitioner, the Department of Professional Regulation/Board of Real Estate (now Florida Real Estate Commission), is an agency of the State of Florida, having jurisdiction over licensing and regulatory matters concerning real estate salesmen and brokers. On February 26, 1979, the Respondent went to the home formerly occupied by his former wife and himself prior to their divorce, which was final before the above date. The Respondent went to her house to obtain some records which he needed to execute his Federal Tax Return. The Respondent came on the porch of the house and walked into the house where his former wife and a Mr. Lacey were seated on the couch. The Respondent's former wife told the deputy who investigated the incident that night, and who testified at the hearing, that she had invited the Respondent in. Mr. Lacey testified at the hearing that the Respondent simply walked in uninvited. The deputy, in the deposition taken prior to the hearing, acknowledged that Mrs. Lacey, the Respondent's former wife, told him on the evening of the investigation of the incident that the Respondent came in at her invitation. Mrs. Lacey and Charles Lacey maintained at the hearing that the Respondent came in their premises uninvited. Thus, the evidence is conflicting on whether the Respondent entered the premises of his former wife without permission, but there is no preponderant evidence which establishes that he entered without invitation. There is no question, however, that he did not force entry. The former Mrs. Osburn discovered no items of property missing from her premises after the Respondent left. The Respondent was ultimately charged with burglary and upon his attorney's advice at the time, entered a "best interest" plea of nolo contendre to the charge in return for which he was promised and received a one-year probation with adjudication of guilt withheld. The acts the Respondent was charges with committing as a basis for the burglary charge occurred February 26, 1979. The Order of the Circuit Court placing the Respondent on one-year probation, with adjudication of guilt withheld, was entered on approximately May 7, 1981. The Respondent was not shown to have any previous violations assessed against his license.

Recommendation Having considered the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, the evidence in the record and pleadings and arguments of counsel, it is, therefore RECOMMENDED: That the Respondent, George N. Osburn, be found not guilty and that the Administrative Complaint filed in this cause be DISMISSED and case number 82-175 be hereby CLOSED. DONE and ENTERED this 20th day of August, 1982, in Tallahassee, Florida. P. MICHAEL RUFF, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 20th day of August, 1982. COPIES FURNISHED: Mark P. Kelly, Esquire FREEMAN & LOPEZ, P.A. 4600 West Cypress, Suite 410 Tampa, Florida 33607 Bernt Meyer, Esquire 2072 Ringling Boulevard Sarasota, Florida 33579 Frederick H. Wilsen, Esquire Department of Professional Regulation Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32802 C. B. "Joe" Stafford Executive Director Florida Real Estate Commission Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32802 Samuel R. Shorstein, Secretary Department of Professional Regulation 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32301

Florida Laws (2) 120.57475.25
# 1
JUSTIN S. SPIERS vs. FLORIDA REAL ESTATE COMMISSION, 83-000955 (1983)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 83-000955 Latest Update: Sep. 14, 1983

Findings Of Fact Based upon my observation of the witnesses and their demeanor while testifying, the documentary evidence received, the post-hearing memorandum and the entire record compiled herein, the following relevant facts are found: By letter dated February 18, 1983, the Florida Real Estate Commission (sometimes herein referred to as the respondent or the Commission) advised the petitioner that his application for licensure as a real estate salesman was denied based upon petitioner's answer to question 6 of the licensing application and his criminal record. On September 1, 1982, petitioner held a Mutuel Clerk's Occupational License (NOP-00455) issued by the Division of Pari-Mutuel Wagering, Department of Business Regulation, State of Florida. While acting in the capacity of a mutuel clerk at Calder Race Course in Dade County, Florida, Petitioner, on September 1, 1982, cashed a winning one dollar ($1.00) trifecta ticket for the eighth race on August 28, 1982, valued at six hundred thirty-six dollars and eighty cents ($636.80) for Metro-Dade Organized Crime Bureau Detective, Jonas Sears, for a cash fee payable to Petitioner. Petitioner did not require Detective Sears to complete the necessary internal revenue service form W-2G which is required of any patron winning six hundred dollars ($600.00) or more. On October 22, 1982, petitioner entered into a consent order with the Division of Pari-Mutuel Wagering wherein petitioner agreed to certain findings. Based on those findings, petitioner agreed to a suspension of his pari-mutuel license for a period of seventy-five (75) days. A clerk who engages in such conduct violates Section 550.16(7), Florida Statutes and Rule Section 7E- 6.07(3)(6), Florida Administrative Code. Petitioner also admitted to deducting sixty dollars and eighty cents ($60.80) as a cash fee payable to him for not requiring Detective Sears to complete the necessary Internal Revenue Service form W-2G.

Recommendation That the respondent enter a Final Order denying petitioner's application for licensure as a real estate salesman. RECOMMENDED this 14th day of September, 1983 in Tallahassee, Florida. JAMES E. BRADWELL, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 14th day of September, 1983.

Florida Laws (3) 120.57475.176.07
# 2
DIVISION OF REAL ESTATE vs. GEORGE N. SULLIVAN, 83-002597 (1983)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 83-002597 Latest Update: Jan. 30, 1984

Findings Of Fact At all times relevant hereto, respondent, George N. Sullivan, held real-estate license number 0128470 issued by petitioner, Department of Professional Regulation, Florida Real Estate Commission. His current address is 22 East Spruce Street, Orlando, Florida. At one time, respondent also held a registered general contractor's license and operated a construction firm under the name of George N. Sullivan, Inc. in Vero Beach, Florida. On or about December 7, 1979, George N. Sullivan, Inc. and Vero Fore, Incorporated entered into a construction agreement wherein Sullivan agreed to construct a residence at Lot 27, Unit III, the Moorings of Vero Beach, in Indian River County for a price of $155,628. The difference between this price and the price of $171,688 alleged in the administrative complaint is due to "extras" agreed upon by the parties to be added to the project. Sullivan began construction on the residence but abandoned the project before it was completed. When he left the job he had been paid all sums due under the agreement except one final $18,000 draw. Vero Fore later discovered that approximately $66,000 in unpaid bills were left by Sullivan. It also learned that Sullivan had obtained releases from three material suppliers by issuing worthless checks in the amounts of $5,849, $2,883.48, $1,913.14, $4,988.92 and $3,847.23. To date, Vero Fore has not been repaid by Sullivan. Sullivan was later adjudged guilty of passing worthless checks by the circuit court of Indian River County on July 8, 1981 and was sentenced to eighteen months probation and required to make restitution to the subcontractors. The official records of Indian River County reflect that Sullivan was found to be in violation of probation on March 23, 1983 for failure to make restitution. It is unknown what, if any, penalties were imposed upon him for this violation, or if restitution has ever been made. On or about September 5, 1980, Sullivan entered into a contract with Mr. and Mrs. James L. Cain to remodel their residence located at 2075 DeLeon Avenue, Vero Beach, Florida. The agreed upon price was $46,900. The Cains paid Sullivan $46890, or 10 percent, as a downpayment for the work on September 8, 1980. Sullivan sent three men to the Cains' house a few days later to build a platform. No other work was ever done. Sullivan did not pay the three workmen and the Cains were forced to pay them $788 to obtain a release of liens. To date, they have never been reimbursed by respondent.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is RECOMMENDED that respondent George N. Sullivan be found guilty as charged in Counts I, III, and IV and that Count II be DISMISSED. It is further RECOMMENDED that respondent's real estate sales license be suspended for a period of ten years with the condition that said license be reinstated after a period of three years if respondent can demonstrate that restitution to the three material suppliers, Vero Fore, Inc. and the Cains has been made. DONE and RECOMMENDED this 10th day of December, 1983, in Tallahassee, Florida. DONALD R. ALEXANDER Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 10th day of December, 1983. COPIES FURNISHED: Gary Lee Printy, Esquire Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32802 Mr. George N. Sullivan 22 East Spruce Street Orlando, Florida 32802

Florida Laws (2) 120.57475.25
# 3
DIVISION OF REAL ESTATE vs BERNARD L. COVINGTON, 94-001855 (1994)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Filed:Orlando, Florida Apr. 07, 1994 Number: 94-001855 Latest Update: Dec. 08, 1994

The Issue Whether the Respondent's real estate broker license should be disciplined based upon the alleged violations of Sections 475.25(1)(b),(c),(d)1. and (e), Florida Statutes.

Findings Of Fact Petitioner is a state government licensing and regulatory agency charged with the responsibility and duty to prosecute Administrative Complaints pursuant to the laws of the State of Florida, in particular Section 20.165, Florida Statutes, Chapters 120, 455 and 475, Florida Statutes, and the rules promulgated pursuant thereto. Respondent Bernard L. Covington is now and was at all times material hereto a licensed real estate broker in the State of Florida having been issued license number 0178235 in accordance with Chapter 475, Florida Statutes. The last license was issued as a broker at 4383 U.S. Hwy. 1, Edgewater, Florida 34141. On September 6, 1990, Terra Mar Village's prospectus to sell proprietary leases in mobile home lots was approved by the Florida Department of Business Regulation. Included in said prospectus is a form Contract for Purchase and Installation of a Cooperative Unit and Manufactured Home at Terra Mar Village for use when lot was to be sold in said Village. On July 25, 1992, Respondent, through the actions of his agent, Alvin D. Booten, solicited and obtained a purchase agreement between sellers, Terra Mar Village Association, and buyers, Jack W. Miller and Jacqueline Miller for Lot 132 in Terra Mar Village. Respondent's agent represent that the buyers were purchasing a mobile home lot in fee simple at the Village. In actuality, they were only purchasing a proprietary lease in the lot. Al Booten, an unlicensed agent, was employed by Terra Mar Village, LTD. as a sales representative. In the course of his employment, he promised the Millers a deed to the property. They relied on his representations, and they put down their deposit on the lot. Booten never advised the Millers they were buying into a cooperative association. Respondent failed to use the approved Contract for Purchase agreement form contained in the prospectus approved in September 1990 by the Department in its dealings with the Millers. The Respondent failed to disclose prior to the closing that the buyers were purchasing only a proprietary lease in the lot. On January 14, 1993, the transaction closed with Respondent acting on behalf of Terra Mar Village, LTD. and Terra Mar Village Association, Inc. After closing, the buyers received the Prospectus and title policy. Upon examining their title insurance policy, they learned that they had purchased a proprietary lease, not a fee simple interest in the lot as has been represented to them by Booten. The mobile home park has gone into foreclosure and the ownership interest of the Millers, among others, in their lots have been put in jeopardy. The Millers had relied on the representations of the Respondent as a licensed broker in their decision to purchase a lot in Terra Mar Village. Respondent committed a breach of trust by failing to disclose that the lot being sold was by proprietary lease. On April 1 and May 10, 1993, buyer Reginald B. Randolph gave Respondent's unlicensed agent, Al Booten, two checks totalling $45,000 for the purchase of a mobile home and lot at Terra Mar Village. On May 10, 1993, Respondent closed the transaction without the knowledge or consent of the buyer. However, Respondent failed to have the title to the property recorded. Randolph was misled by the Respondent's agent Booten, who told Randolph and his wife that they could buy a lot on a canal in the Village. When the Randolphs discovered they had been deceived and demanded their money back, the Respondent refused to refund it. They also discovered the money was not being held in escrow. The Randolphs believed Al Booten was a licensed real estate salesperson because he claimed he was selling the lot. There were many problems associated with the park. The source of potable water at the park was not approved and a moratorium was placed on it by Volusia County. Later, Terra Mar Village, LTD. filed for bankruptcy, but it was denied. The Respondent seeks to blame the "recession" and the water problems for the difficulties he encountered with the Millers and Randolphs. However, Respondent collected their downpayments and misappropriated the funds after allowing them to be misled by his agent.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing, it is RECOMMENDED as follows: The Florida Real Estate Commission issue and file a Final Order finding the Respondent guilty of violating Subsections 475.25(1)(b), (d)1 and (e), Florida Statutes, as charged in the Administrative Complaint. The Final Order should further direct that all of Respondent's real estate licenses, registrations, certificates and permits, be suspended for a period of two (2) years and that he pay an administrative fine of $1,000. DONE and ENTERED this 10th day of August, 1994, in Tallahassee, Florida. DANIEL M. KILBRIDE Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 10th day of August, 1994. APPENDIX The following constitutes my specific rulings, in accordance with section 120.59, Florida Statutes, on proposed findings of fact submitted by the parties. Petitioner's proposed findings of fact. Accepted in substance: paragraphs 1-14 Respondent's proposals. Respondent did not submit proposed findings of fact. COPIES FURNISHED: Steven W. Johnson, Esquire Florida Department of Professional Regulation Division of Real Estate 400 West Robinson Street Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32802 Bernard L. Covington, pro se 1034 Old South Lane Apopka, Florida 32702 Darlene F. Keller Division Director Division of Real Estate 400 West Robinson Street Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32802-1900 Jack McRay, Esquire Acting General Counsel Florida Department of Business and Professional Regulation Division of Real Estate Northwood Centre 1940 N Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0792

Florida Laws (4) 120.57120.6020.165475.25 Florida Administrative Code (1) 61J2-24.001
# 5
JACK P. HARDIN vs. FLORIDA REAL ESTATE COMMISSION, 89-003180 (1989)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 89-003180 Latest Update: Sep. 28, 1989

Findings Of Fact Petitioner is a regulatory agency of the State of Florida charged with the responsibility of investigating and processing applications for licensure of real estate salesmen in the State of Florida. On February 20, 1989, Petitioner filed an application with Respondent seeking licensure in the State of Florida as a real estate salesman. Question 7 of the application form required Petitioner to disclose whether he had ever been convicted of a crime, had been found guilty of a crime, or had entered a plea of guilty or nolo contendere to a crime. The question explicitly applied to any violation of the laws of any municipality, county, state or nation, including traffic offenses (except parking, speeding, inspection, or traffic signal violations), without regard to whether the applicant had been placed on probation, had had adjudication withheld, had been paroled, or had been pardoned. Petitioner disclosed the following violations of law in his handwritten response to Question 7: In 1985, attempted possession of cocaine less than 1 gram for which he received 60 days probation; In 1985, disorderly intoxication for which he received three months probation; In 1985, speeding for which he received a fine; In 1985, vandalism for which no disposition was shown; In 1986, violation of probation for which no disposition was shown, and In 1986, possession of a stolen automobile tag for which he received two years probation. Petitioner failed to disclose the following violations of law in his response to question 7: In 1977, sexual battery for which he was placed on five years probation; In 1980, violation of probation; and In 1980, driving under the influence of alcohol for which he received six months probation and a fine of $100. Petitioner knew that he had committed the undisclosed offenses and he knew that he had not listed the undisclosed offenses in response to question 7. Petitioner could not justify his failure to list the undisclosed violations in his response to question 7. Respondent's denial of Petitioner's application was based on the violations of law disclosed by Petitioner, on the violations of law Petitioner failed to disclose, and on the failure of Petitioner to disclose violations of law. Following the denial of his application, Petitioner timely requested a formal hearing. This proceeding followed.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is: RECOMMENDED that the Department of Professional Regulation, Florida Real Estate Commission, enter a final order which denies Petitioner's application for licensure as a real estate salesman in the State of Florida. DONE and ORDERED this 28th day of September, 1989, in Tallahassee, Florida. CLAUDE B. ARRINGTON Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of September, 1989. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER IN CASE NO. 89-3180 The following rulings are made on the proposed findings of fact contained in the Proposed Recommended Order submitted by Respondent: The proposed findings of fact of paragraphs 1-3 are accepted. The proposed findings of fact of paragraph 4 that the charge of sexual battery was reduced to attempted sexual battery is rejected because there was no evidence that the charge was reduced. The remaining proposed findings of fact in paragraph 4 are accepted. The proposed findings in paragraph 5 are rejected as being recitation of testimony and as being subordinate to the findings made in paragraph 6 of the Recommended Order. The proposed findings of paragraph 6 are accepted as part of the Preliminary Statement of the Recommended Order, but they are rejected as findings of fact as being unnecessary to the result reached. COPIES FURNISHED: Jack P. Hardin 722 Fernwood Drive West Palm Beach, Florida 32801 Manuel E. Oliver, Esquire Assistant Attorney General Suite 212, 400 West Robinson Orlando, Florida 33405 Kenneth E. Easley, General Counsel Department of Professional Regulation 1940 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0792 Darlene F. Keller, Division Director Department of Professional Regulation Division of Real Estate 400 West Robinson Street Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32801

Florida Laws (3) 120.57475.17475.25
# 6
DIVISION OF REAL ESTATE vs. STUART P. JACOBS, 76-001913 (1976)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 76-001913 Latest Update: Jun. 29, 1977

Findings Of Fact Stuart Jacobs is a registered real estate salesman holding registration certificate No. 0161986 as a non-active real estate salesman. See EXHIBIT 1, Affidavit of C. B. Stafford. Stuart Jacobs first applied for registration with the Florida Real Estate Commission on March 16, 1976, which was received by Florida Real Estate Commission on March 17, 1976. See EXHIBIT 2, Affidavit of C. B. Stafford. In answer to Question No. 6, Jacobs answered "Yes," and explained in the space provided as follows: "1. Traffic offenses (accident) 2. Charged with grand larceny but no conviction of record." On or about July 20, 1976, Mr. Robert J. Corda, investigator for Florida Real Estate Commission, contacted Stuart Jacobs and arranged to meet with Jacobs to discuss Jacobs' response to Question No. 6, specifically as it related to Jacobs' having been charged with grand larceny. Shortly thereafter a meeting was held between Corda and Jacobs and at that meeting Jacobs prepared .and submitted another application. The original of that application was produced at the hearing from Mr. Corda's file which was received as EXHIBIT 7. Also produced from the Florida Real Estate Commission's file at the hearing was a letter dated July 22, 1976 from Mr. Jacobs to Mr. Corda, which was received as EXHIBIT 6. Mr. Corda was fully advised of Mr. Jacobs' status at the meeting and of the facts behind Jacobs' trial by letter. Jacobs was found guilty of the criminal charges but adjudication was withheld. See EXHIBIT 3, Criminal Information #CR74-2526; EXHIBIT 4, Jury Verdict finding Jacobs guilty of the offense charged in Information #CR74-2526; and EXHIBIT 5, Order Withholding Adjudication of Guilt and Placing Defendant on Probation. Jacobs was registered by the Florida Real Estate Commission effective September 4, 1976, as a non-active salesman, two and one half months after this interview and correspondence with Corda.

Recommendation There being absolutely no evidence of fraud, misrepresentation or concealment by Jacobs which resulted in his registration as a real estate salesman, the Hearing Officer recommends no action be taken against the license of Stuart Jacobs. DONE and ORDERED this 10th day of March, 1977, in Tallahassee, Florida. STEPHEN F. DEAN, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 530, Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: Richard J. R. Parkinson, Esquire Associate Counsel Florida Real Estate Commission 2699 Lee Road Winter Park, Florida 32789 Mr. Ralph V. Hadley, III DAVIDS, BENSON & HADLEY, P.A. Post Office Box 1312 Winter Garden, Florida 32787

Florida Laws (1) 475.25
# 7
WILLIAM F. DEMLER vs. FLORIDA REAL ESTATE COMMISSION, 87-002543 (1987)
Division of Administrative Hearings, Florida Number: 87-002543 Latest Update: Jan. 28, 1988

The Issue The issue presented for decision herein is whether or not Petitioner's application for licensure as a Real Estate Salesman should be approved.

Findings Of Fact Based on my observation of the Petitioner and his demeanor while testifying, documentary evidence received and the entire record compiled herein, I make the following relevant factual findings. On approximately February 12, 1987, Petitioner filed an application to take the Florida real estate salesman's examination. In answering Question #6 of the application, regarding applicant's criminal record, Petitioner answered in the affirmative. Petitioner set forth the details, stating: "On May 14, 1985, plead (sic) nolo contendere to the offense of sexual battery. Through plea bargaining was sentenced to 10 years probation, which I am currently in good standing. Case was instituted by my sons (sic) girlfriend, who was living in my home. I had no witnesses in my behalf, made plea through the Public defenders (sic) office (I was not guilty)." (Respondent's Composite Exhibit 1) During the hearing, Petitioner admitted that he affirmatively responded to Question #6 on the license application and, in explanation, states that he was unable to retain an attorney when charged and he, upon advice of a public defender, entered the nolo contendere plea as a "plea of convenience". Petitioner did not present any witnesses at the hearing other than his testimony on his behalf. Petitioner denied that he was guilty of the crime that he was charged and related that his son and his girlfriend lived with him from approximately 1969 through 1980. Sometime during 1980, the son became a "problem child" and was unmanageable. For that reason, the son was placed in the care and custody of the Department of Health and Rehabilitative Services (HRS). Petitioner again took custody of the son when he reached his seventeenth birthday so that the son and his girlfriend could live with him during commencing September 30, 1983. Approximately one year later, during April, 1984, he was charged with the crime of sexual battery. In mitigation, Petitioner avers that he is in good standing with his probation officer and that he was formerly a police officer with the Miami Police Department. Petitioner offered no corroborating witnesses or other independent evidence to refute the charges or to otherwise offer testimony as to rehabilitation of his character.

Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED: Petitioner's application to take the Real Estate License Examination be DENIED. RECOMMENDED this 28th day of January, 1988, in Tallahassee, Florida. JAMES E. BRADWELL Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32301 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of January, 1988. COPIES FURNISHED: Manuel E. Oliver, Esquire Department of Professional Regulation Assistant Attorney General Suite 212, 400 West Robinson Street Orlando, Florida 32801 William F. Demler 11532 Terra Bella Boulevard Plantation, Florida 33325 Harold Huff, Executive Director Department of Professional Regulation Florida Real Estate Commission 400 West Robinson Street Post Office Box 1900 Orlando, Florida 32801 Tom Gallagher, Secretary Department of Professional Regulation 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0760 William ONeil Department of Professional Regulation General Counsel 130 North Monroe Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0860

Florida Laws (2) 120.57475.17
# 9

Can't find what you're looking for?

Post a free question on our public forum.
Ask a Question
Search for lawyers by practice areas.
Find a Lawyer