Case: 13-12453    Date Filed: 08/14/2014   Page: 1 of 4


                                                           [DO NOT PUBLISH]



               IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

                       FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT
                         ________________________

                               No. 13-12453
                           Non-Argument Calendar
                         ________________________

                     D.C. Docket No. 3:12-cv-00039-EMT



JOY C. BELL,

                                                              Plaintiff-Appellant,

                                    versus

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,
Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Prisons Agency,

                                                             Defendant-Appellee.

                         ________________________

                  Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Northern District of Florida
                        ________________________

                               (August 14, 2014)

Before HULL, MARCUS and PRYOR, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM:
               Case: 13-12453     Date Filed: 08/14/2014    Page: 2 of 4


      Joy C. Bell appeals pro se the summary judgment in favor of her employer,

the Federal Bureau of Prisons. Bell complained that, in 2007, she was denied a

promotion to the position of Facility Manager at a federal prison camp in

Pensacola because of her gender, in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of

1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000e-16(a), and in retaliation for objecting to her performance

evaluation in 2001, 

We affirm.

      Bell argues that the district court “effectively converted” the motion of the

Bureau “from one for dismissal to summary judgment” without giving her notice

and a “reasonable opportunity” to respond, but Bell distorts the record. The

Bureau moved for dismissal or, in the alternative, summary judgment. Bell, who

was represented by counsel, responded accordingly. Bell twice obtained

extensions of time to collect and organize discovery to “oppos[e] . . . the . . .

Motion to Dismiss or in the alternative for Summary Judgment,” and she argued in

her response that her evidentiary submissions and the reasonable inferences drawn

from her evidence provided substantial direct and circumstantial evidence of

discrimination and retaliation to bar summary judgment.

      The district court did not err by entering summary judgment against Bell’s

complaint that she was denied the promotion because of her sex. Barbara Rickard,

an associate warden, and Scott Fisher, the warden at the prison camp, testified that

Bell lacked the same level of leadership and administrative experience as the man


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selected for the job, Lewis Bacchieri. To establish that the proffered legitimate,

nondiscriminatory reason was a pretext for discrimination, Bell had to prove that

the “disparities between [Bacchieri]’s and her own qualifications were of such

weight and significance that no reasonable person, in the exercise of impartial

judgment, could have chosen [him] . . . over [her].” Kidd v. Mando Am. Corp., 

, 1206 (11th Cir. 2013) (quoting Springer v. Convergys Customer Mgmt.

Grp., 

, 1349 (11th Cir. 2007)). Bell testified that “her experience

was superior to [Bacchieri’s]” as bolstered by the fact that she allegedly made the

Best Qualified list for the position, but this self-serving testimony failed to create a

genuine issue of pretext. See 

Fisher testified that they

recommended Bacchieri and other applicants over Bell because those applicants

had more work experience and supervisory skills, and Raymond Holt, a Regional

Director, testified that he hired Bacchieri because he was a General Foreman and

an experienced supervisor. Rickard, Fisher, and Holt testified, without dispute,

that they complied with the merit promotion plan of the Bureau to consider “each

qualified applicant without regard to . . . sex.”

      Bell also raises two arguments that she failed to present to the district court.

First, Bell argues that she was discriminated against because she is a Native

American, but we will not consider for the first time on appeal a claim that Bell did

not include in her complaint. See Norelus v. Denny’s, Inc., 

, 1296


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(11th Cir. 2010). Second, Bell argues that the district court should not have

considered “deposition-style statements” and that the Bureau failed to include a

statement of undisputed facts, as required under Local Rule 56.1, but Bell did not

present these arguments to the district court. See 

court also did not err by entering summary judgment against

Bell’s complaint of retaliation. To establish a prima facie case of retaliation, Bell

had to prove that she engaged in a protected activity; she suffered an adverse

employment action; and the protected activity was causally related to the adverse

employment action. See Thomas v. Cooper Lighting, Inc., 

, 1363

(11th Cir. 2007). Even if we were to assume that Bell’s objection to a performance

evaluation was a protected activity, she failed to establish a causal relation between

that activity and the denial of a promotion in 2007. The objection that Bell voiced

in 2001 was too remote to establish causation based on temporal proximity. See 

      We AFFIRM the summary judgment in favor of the Bureau.




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