Third District Court of Appeal
                                State of Florida

                          Opinion filed November 4, 2015.
          Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.

                                ________________

                                No. 3D14-2193
                          Lower Tribunal No. 10-38865
                              ________________

                     Manuel A. Penalver, M.D., et al.,
                              Petitioners/Defendants,

                                         vs.

                               Netsai Masomere,
                               Respondent/Plaintiff.


      A Writ of Certiorari to the Circuit Court for Miami-Dade County, Sarah I.
Zabel, Judge.

      Quintairos, Prieto, Wood & Boyer, P.A., and Robert Cousins and Scott C.
Sankey (Fort Lauderdale); Hicks, Porter, Ebenfeld & Stein, P.A., and Dinah Stein
and Shannon Debus-Horn, for petitioners/defendants.

      Podhurst Orseck, P.A., and Joel D. Eaton, for respondent/plaintiff.

Before SUAREZ, C.J., and EMAS and FERNANDEZ, JJ.

      FERNANDEZ, J.

      Petitioners Manuel A. Penalver, M.D., and 21st Century Oncology, LLC,

petition this Court for a Writ of Certiorari, quashing the trial court’s August 14,
2014 order granting respondent Netsai Masomere's motion for post-trial juror

interviews. Because the jurors’ litigation histories were immaterial and irrelevant

to jury service in this case, we grant certiorari and quash the trial court’s order.

      Masomere brought the underlying medical malpractice action against Dr.

Penalver and 21st Century Oncology, LLC, alleging that Dr. Penalver negligently

performed surgery on her. During voir dire, some of the members of the venire

stated they had litigation histories. The trial court asked Juror Stephen Wall,

“[h]ave you or a family member or close friend been involved in any type of legal

proceeding or do you know lawyers that you’re close to?” Juror Wall replied,

“[O]ther than the trial that I was on, no.”

      The trial court asked Juror Richard Ridley whether he had “[a]ny

involvement in the legal system.” Juror Ridley replied, “I think my wife a long,

long time ago at the hospital. My wife a long, long time ago at the hospital.” The

trial court further questioned Juror Ridley, but Juror Ridley could not remember

any details about the case in which his wife, a nurse, was involved.

      The trial court also asked Juror Giovanna Del Pozzo whether she had any

involvement in the legal system, and she replied, “I have not been involved in the

legal system in any way.” The trial court then asked her whether any of her family

members or friends had any experience with the legal system. Juror Del Pozzo

asked to discuss her answer in private, and she told the trial court and counsel that



                                              2
in 2001, her mother was convicted of Medicare fraud, but that this experience did

not sway her view of the legal system. Jurors Wall, Ridley and Del Pozzo were

selected as jurors.

      In addition, the trial court asked members of the venire about their litigation

histories. More than a dozen members stated they had some previous litigation

history. Masomere’s counsel did not ask any prospective jurors about their

litigation history or ask any follow-up questions.

      After a three-week jury trial, the jury returned a verdict in favor of Dr.

Penalver. Masomere then moved for a new trial and filed a motion for juror

interviews, according to Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.431(h). Masomere

alleged that after she investigated court records, it appeared that jurors Wall,

Ridley and Del Pozzo concealed litigation history during voir dire.

      Masomere argued that a review of Miami-Dade County court records for

Juror Wall revealed three cases.      Two cases, a landlord-tenant matter and a

contract indebtedness action, were each over thirty years old, and another civil case

was over twenty years old. In all three of these cases, a “Stephen Wall” was a

named defendant.

      Masomere further claimed that a review of Broward County records for

Juror Ridley revealed an automobile negligence case that was over ten years old in

which “Richard Ridley” was the named plaintiff. Regarding Juror Del Pozzo,



                                          3
Masomere claimed that Miami-Dade County records revealed an eviction case in

which “Giovanna Del Pozzo” was the defendant. Masomere thus alleged that she

was entitled to a new trial. The trial court subsequently granted the motion for

juror interviews but deferred ruling on the motion for a new trial until after

completion of the juror interviews. This constituted error.

         We have jurisdiction to issue a writ of certiorari under article V, section

4(b)(3) of the Florida Constitution, and rule 9.030 (b)(3), Florida Rules of

Appellate Procedure. As we held in Parra v. Cruz, 

, 212-13 (Fla. 3d

DCA 2011), certiorari relief is appropriate where a trial court departs from the

essential requirements of the law by ordering juror interviews without determining,

according to De La Rosa v. Zequeira, 

(Fla. 1995), whether any

information elicited through those interviews will entitle the moving party to a new

trial.

         The general policy in Florida is that post-trial juror interviews are disfavored

and are only allowed in “rare instances.” 

; see also Harbour

Island Sec. Co., Inc. v. Doe, 

, 1199 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995) (quashing

order allowing juror interview and reiterating the belief that there is “strong public

policy against juror interviews”); Schmitz v. S.A.B.T.C. Townhouse Ass'n, Inc.,

, 131 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988) (holding that post-trial juror interviews

should “be rarely granted”). Moreover, a post-trial juror interview “is never



                                             4
permissible unless the moving party has made sworn factual allegations that, if

true, would require a trial court to order a new trial.” Baptist Hosp. of Miami, Inc.

v. Maler, 

, 100 (Fla. 1991); see also Egitto v. Wittman, 

, 1240 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008).

      In De La Rosa v. Zequeira, 

(Fla. 1995), the Florida Supreme

Court adopted a three-part test to determine whether a juror's nondisclosure of

information during voir dire warrants a new trial. “First, the complaining party

must establish that the information is relevant and material to jury service in the

case. Second, that the juror concealed the information during questioning. Lastly,

that the failure to disclose the information was not attributable to the complaining

party's lack of diligence.” 

      Under the first prong of the De La Rosa test, information is material only

when “omission of the information prevented counsel from making an informed

judgment–which would in all likelihood have resulted in a peremptory challenge.”

State Farm Fire & Cas. Co. v. Levine, 

, 365 (Fla. 2002). In

addition, materiality is analyzed on a case-by-case basis. Birch ex rel. Birch v.

Albert, 

, 359 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000). Factors the court considers in

evaluating materiality include the remoteness in time of a juror’s prior exposure to

the legal system, the character and extensiveness of the experience, and the juror’s

posture in the litigation. Roberts v. Tejada, 

, 342 (Fla. 2002).



                                          5
      The trial court departed from the essential requirements of the law when it

granted Masomere’s motion for juror interviews as to Jurors Wall, Ridley and Del

Pozzo because Masomere did not satisfy the three-part test established in De La

Rosa. The litigation histories of Jurors Wall, Ridley and Del Pozzo were not

“relevant and material to their jury service.” Masomere thus did not demonstrate

that she was entitled to a new trial.

      Even if it were found that Juror Wall is the “Stephen Wall” in the records

that Masomere found, Juror Wall’s litigation history is too remote in time and not

relevant or material to the jury service in Masomere’s case. Two of the cases ended

over thirty years ago. Furthermore, the third case in which “Stephen Wall” was a

named defendant was dismissed over twenty years ago.           Thus, Juror Wall’s

nondisclosure did not establish that Masomere was entitled to a new trial. See

Hoang Dinh Duong v. Ziadie, 

, 227-29 (Fla. 4th DCA 2013);

Gamsen v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 

, 294 (Fla. 4th DCA 2011);

McCauslin v. O’Connor, 

, 561-63 (Fla. 5th DCA 2008); Leavitt v.

Krogen, 

, 732 (Fla. 3d DCA 2000).

      The case that Juror Ridley was involved in was also too remote in time and

thus irrelevant and immaterial. It ended more than ten years ago. In addition, Juror

Ridley’s involvement as a plaintiff in that case, as well as the difference in the

nature of that case from the case before us, further supports the finding that the



                                         6
information was not material to his jury service in this case. Thus, no juror

interview should have been granted. See 

; 

.

      Juror Del Pozzo’s litigation history is likewise immaterial to her jury

service. Even if it were found that Juror Del Pozzo was the same Del Pozzo as in

the eviction action, this previous litigation history is immaterial to her service as a

juror because the eviction proceeding is dissimilar to the present medical

malpractice action, and she was only minimally involved (as evidenced by the case

lasting only two months). See 

.

      In sum, Masomere did not meet the De La Rosa three-part test because she

did not establish the first prong of the test. We thus conclude that the trial court

departed from the essential requirements of law when it granted Masomere’s

motion for post-trial juror interviews because the jurors’ litigation histories were

immaterial and irrelevant to jury service. Accordingly, we grant the petition for

writ of certiorari and quash the order under review.

      Petition for writ of certiorari granted; order quashed.




                                          7