1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*161 An appropriate order will be issued.
SF, a dissolved corporation, moved for partial summary
judgment on the ground that the period of limitations under sec.
ended June 30, 1993. SF was liquidated on Dec. 31, 1994, and
USA, a corporation, was formed to take over SF's operations.
USA's first corporate tax return was filed for the taxable year
ended June 30, 1994. R mailed a letter with attached Forms 872,
Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax, on June 20, 1996 to C,
SF and USA's president, to extend the time to assess tax with
regard to SF's taxable year ended June 30, 1993. The letter
stated that the attached Forms 872 related to SF's taxable year
ended June 30, 1993. The Forms 872 listed USA's name and
employer identification number but listed the taxable year ended
June 30, 1993, as the period to be extended. C signed Form 872
in his capacity as president of USA. R mailed a notice of
deficiency on Feb. 3, 1998, more than 3 years after SF's tax
return for the year ended June 30, 1993 was filed.
HELD: R has established by clear1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*162 and convincing evidence
that C signed Form 872 with the intent to extend the period of
limitations for SF's taxable year ended June 30, 1993.
HELD, FURTHER, Form 872 may be reformed to conform with the
intent of the parties.
(1989), applied.
HELD, FURTHER, R's notice of deficiency is not barred as
untimely under the period of limitations on assessments
contained in
MEMORANDUM OPINION
NIMS, JUDGE: This matter is before the Court on petitioner's motion for partial summary judgment under
Respondent determined the following deficiencies and accuracy-related penalties with respect to the Federal income tax of petitioner San Francisco Wesco1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*163 Polymers, Inc. (SFWP) for the taxable years ending June 30, 1993 and June 30, 1994:
Penalties
Year Deficiency Sec. 6662(a)
____ __________ ____________
June 30, 1993 $ 108,986 $ 6,150
June 30, 1994 21,797 1,230
The sole issue for decision is whether Form 872, Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax, signed by a duly authorized officer of SFWP's corporate successor in interest, constitutes a binding agreement to extend the period of limitations under
When the petition was filed, SFWP did not have a principal place of business because it had previously ceased operations. The IRS office to which SFWP's tax returns were made is located in Fresno, California. See sec. 7482(b)(1)(B).
BACKGROUND
The background facts related below are taken from the record and the undisputed written representations of the respective parties.
SFWP mailed its Form 1120, U.S. Corporation Income Tax Return, for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1993 (1993 return) to the1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*164 Fresno Service Center on February 2, 1994. SFWP's 1993 return was signed by Miguel Chang (Chang), president and a director of SFWP. Respondent received SFWP's 1993 return on February 4, 1994. The general 3-year period of limitations for assessment of tax expired on February 4, 1997.
SFWP's Employer Identification Number (EIN) is 94-3100328. The address for SFWP as set forth on its 1993 return was 555 Montgomery Street, Suite 816, San Francisco, California. On February 3, 1998, respondent mailed the notice of deficiency to SFWP at 555 Montgomery Street, Suite 816, San Francisco, California.
U.S.A. Wesco Polymers, Inc. (USAWP), was incorporated under the law of the State of California on August 20, 1993. USAWP's EIN is 94-3187418. Chang was the president and chairman of USAWP. USAWP filed its first Form 1120 on February 10, 1995, covering the fiscal year beginning September 1, 1993 and ending June 30, 1994. USAWP's address on its Form 1120 was 555 Montgomery Street, Suite 816, San Francisco, California.
On August 16, 1993, the shareholders of SFWP decided that USAWP would take over SFWP's business operations on September 1, 1993. SFWP liquidated on December 31, 1994.
On June 20, 1996, 1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*165 respondent mailed a letter to Chang attached to which were two copies of Form 872. The letter stated that the Form 872 was provided with respect to "the examination of your corporate tax return, Form 1120, for San Francisco Wesco Polymers, Inc." and requested that Chang execute Form 872 because the period of limitations "will expire in February of 1997."
The Form 872 mailed by respondent lists the name of the taxpayer as: "USA Wesco Polymers, Inc., Successor in Interest to San Francisco Wesco Polymers, Inc. (EIN 94-3100328)". The EIN of the taxpayer on Form 872 listed on the upper right corner is USAWP's EIN. Chang signed Form 872 as president under the corporate name "U.S.A. Wesco Polymers, Inc., Successor in Interest to San Francisco Wesco Polymers, Inc. (94-3100328)". The Form 872 purportedly extended the time to assess tax due on the return ended June 30, 1993, to February 15, 1998. Respondent received the Form 872 from Chang on July 8, 1996.
On May 15, 1997, respondent sent a letter to Kit Tam, a representative of SFWP and requested additional consents to extend the time to assess tax for both USAWP and SFWP.
On May 29, 1997, SFWP's counsel sent a letter to respondent stating1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*166 that SFWP declined to sign any consents to extend the time to assess tax with respect to Chang, SFWP and USAWP.
The notice of deficiency for SFWP's taxable year ended June 30, 1993, was mailed on February 3, 1998, which is more than 3 years after SFWP filed its 1993 return.
DISCUSSION
The sole issue for decision is whether Form 872, Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax, signed by a duly authorized officer of USAWP, SFWP's successor in interest, constitutes a binding agreement to extend the period of limitations under
Summary judgment or partial summary judgment may be granted if the pleadings and other materials demonstrate that no genuine issue of material fact exists and that a decision may be rendered as a matter of law. See
We are satisfied that no genuine issue of material fact exists. Partial summary adjudication is therefore appropriate in this case.
Since the deficiency notice was mailed more than 3 years after the filing of the tax return for SFWP's taxable year ended June 30, 1993, respondent is barred from assessing a deficiency for that year unless an exception to
(4) Extension by agreement. -- Where, before the expiration
of the time prescribed in this section for the assessment of any
tax imposed by this title, * * * both the Secretary and the
taxpayer have consented in writing to its assessment after such
time, the tax may be assessed at any time prior to the
expiration of the period agreed upon * * *
Respondent asserts that Form 872 contained a mutual mistake, allowing the Court to reform Form 872 to conform with the intent of the parties.
SFWP argues that it did not consent in writing to extend the period of limitation on assessments. Instead, SFWP contends that respondent1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*168 consented with USAWP to extend the period of limitation on assessments as evidenced by the following facts: (1) The taxpayer listed on Form 872 is identified as USAWP, (2) the taxpayer's EIN on Form 872 is that of USAWP, and (3) the corporate name on Form 872 is that of USAWP.
For the reasons discussed below, we agree with respondent.
The bar of the statutory period of limitation is an affirmative defense, and the party raising this defense must specifically plead it and prove it. See
Where an agreement made pursuant to
Subsequently, the Commissioner sent a letter to the taxpayers asking them to execute a Form 872-A, Special Consent to Extend the Time to Assess Tax. The letter erroneously referred to "Solar Environments, Inc." The Form 872-A accompanying the letter also erroneously referred to "Solar Environments, Inc." and the wrong taxable year. The Commissioner discovered the error as to the year and sent another Form 872-A. However, this form also contained an erroneous reference to "Solar Environments, Inc." We found that at the time each extension was executed, both the taxpayers and the Commissioner intended that the extensions would allow the Commissioner additional time to complete his examination of the taxpayers' 1978 tax return.
1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*170 Accordingly, in
In this case, we assume that Chang read and understood respondent's June 20, 1996, letter stating that the attached Forms 872 related to examination of SFWP's corporate tax return. Although the Forms 872 listed USAWP's name and EIN, it listed the taxable year ended June 30, 1993, as the period to be extended. USAWP filed its first corporate tax return on February 10, 1995, covering the fiscal year beginning September 1, 1993, and ending June 30, 1994. Since USAWP's first filed tax return was for the period ended June 30, 1994, the Form 872's reference to the tax return ended June 30, 1993, must have referred to SFWP, not USAWP. Since Chang was the president of both SFWP and USAWP, we infer that he knew this fact. Therefore, we conclude that Chang signed the Form 872 with1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*171 the intent to extend the period of limitations for SFWP's taxable year ended June 30, 1993. The evidence clearly and convincingly supports reformation. See also
SFWP argues that
SFWP further argues that the Form 872 is invalid because Chang did not have the authority to sign the Form 872 on behalf of SFWP. Authority to act on behalf of a corporation in tax matters is determined by State law.
Under California law, a corporation that has dissolved may still carry out acts necessary to wind up its affairs, including those relating to taxes. See
The powers and duties of the directors * * * and officers
after commencement of a dissolution proceeding include, but are
not limited to, the following acts in the name and on behalf of
the corporation:
* * * * * * *
(b) To continue the conduct of the business insofar as
necessary for the disposal or winding up thereof.
(c) To carry out contracts and collect, pay, compromise and
settle debts and claims for or against the corporation.
* * * * * * *
(h) In general, to make contracts and to do any and all
things in the name1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*173 of the corporation which may be proper or
convenient for the purposes of winding up, settling and
liquidating the affairs of the corporation.
Thus, under California law, Chang, as president and director of SFWP, had the authority to execute agreements which extended the period of limitations with respect to SFWP's taxable year ending June 30, 1993. See
Moreover,
Unlike Malone & Hyde, Inc., Chang was an officer and director of SFWP, giving him authority to sign Form 872 under California law; he was not a third-party agent exercising authority under an extinguished power of attorney.
Accordingly, we hold that respondent has established by clear and convincing evidence that SFWP intended to extend the period of limitations for its taxable year ended June 30, 1993, and that Form 872 may be reformed to conform with the intent of the parties. See
1999 Tax Ct. Memo LEXIS 161">*175 To reflect the foregoing,
An appropriate order will be issued.