PURSUANT TO
Decision will be entered for respondent.
DEAN,
Respondent issued petitioner a Notice of Determination Concerning Collection Action(s) Under
Some of the facts have been stipulated and are so found. The stipulation of facts and the attached exhibits are incorporated herein by reference. Petitioner 2011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*78 resided in New York when she filed her petition.
During 2002 petitioner redeemed several savings bonds to pay her living expenses.1 Although not working in 2002, petitioner sent the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) a $3,500 check to pay what she believed was her 2002 tax liability from redeeming the savings bonds. Petitioner did not file a Federal income tax return for 2002 until May 2006. Petitioner received a notice from respondent dated June 12, 2006, alerting her that the period for claiming a refund or credit for 2002 had expired. Petitioner did not respond to the notice. Petitioner filed her 2003 Federal income tax return on August 20, 2004, without remittance. On a transcript entered into evidence a return filed and tax liability assessed code bears the date August 20, 2004, and shows an assessment of $3,306. The transcript also shows that interest of $64.57 and an addition to tax22011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*79 for failure to pay of $99.18 were assessed on the same date.
Respondent sent petitioner a CP 2000 notice dated August 1, 2005, which informed her that the income and payment information on file did not match the entries on her 2003 return. Respondent included in petitioner's income for 2003 interest of $22,435 from Astoria Federal Savings and dividends of $400 from General Motors Corp. reported on Forms 1099, which created an increase in tax of $1,735. On the same transcript mentioned above, an additional tax assessment code bears the date February 27, 2006, and shows an additional assessment of $1,735.
Respondent filed an NFTL for the tax period ending December 31, 2003, in the register's office of Kings County, Brooklyn, New York, on May 5, 2009, and on the same day mailed a Notice of Federal Tax Lien Filing and Your Right to a Hearing Under
Petitioner timely filed a request for a collection due process (CDP) hearing wherein she 2011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*80 listed her reasons for disagreeing with the NFTL as "Tax paid - no tax owed" and "unemployed with no income - lien endangers ability to pay basic living expenses." Petitioner was represented by an accountant through a power of attorney for her CDP hearing. Petitioner's hearing was conducted by telephone calls between her accountant and the Appeals officer (AO) and review of documents petitioner submitted to Appeals.
Respondent issued petitioner the notice of determination dated November 10, 2009, in which he determined that the collection action was appropriate and sustained the filing of the NFTL. Petitioner timely filed a petition disagreeing with respondent's determination.3
Section 6321 imposes a lien in favor of the United States upon all property and rights to property belonging to a person who is liable for Federal taxes and neglects or refuses to pay them after notice and demand for payment has been made.
If a taxpayer requests a hearing in a lien case, the hearing is to be conducted by the Appeals Office.
If a taxpayer's underlying liability is properly at issue, the Court reviews any determination regarding the underlying liability de novo.
Petitioner's three arguments that the NFTL is invalid are: (1) She did not receive a hearing; (2) her 2002 overpayment of taxes should be applied to her 2003 tax liability; and (3) the collection action is inappropriate because it will prevent her from paying her living expenses.
A CDP hearing may consist of one or more written or oral communications between an AO and the taxpayer. Sec. 301.6330-1(d)(2), Q&A-D6, 2011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*83 Proced. & Admin. Regs.; see
Petitioner testified that she did not have a proper hearing because when her accountant called the AO, her accountant was not prepared for the hearing and did not know that his telephone call with the AO constituted a hearing. It is clear from the administrative record that petitioner's accountant had more than one conversation with the AO and that petitioner herself faxed documents to the AO. Petitioner was afforded a hearing under the guidelines of the statute. See
Petitioner argues that her overpayment of taxes for 2002 should be applied to her tax liability for 2003. Respondent argues that the 2002 overpayment petitioner seeks to apply to 2003 is barred by section 6511(b)(2).42011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*84
The amount of a credit or refund is limited by two "lookback" periods.
If no return is filed, the taxpayer is entitled to a refund of only those taxes paid during the 2 years immediately preceding the filing of the refund claim. Sec. 6511(b)(2)(B). In the case of any overpayment by a taxpayer, the Commissioner generally may, within the applicable period of limitations, credit the amount of such overpayment against any tax liability of that taxpayer. Sec. 6402(a).
Petitioner filed her 2002 Federal income 2011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*85 tax return in May 2006. Her tax return is her claim for refund. See sec. 301.6402-3(a)(1), Proced. & Admin. Regs.; see also
The 3-year "look-back" period immediately preceding petitioner's claim would be from May 2003 to May 2006.5 The overpayment that petitioner wants credited to 2003 was paid in 2002. No portion of the overpayment was paid in the 3-year "look-back" period. Although petitioner's claim for refund or credit was timely, a refund or credit of petitioner's 2002 overpayment is barred.62011 Tax Ct. Summary LEXIS 77">*86 See sec. 6511(b)(2)(A).
Petitioner also argues that enforcement of the lien will make it difficult for her to pay her living expenses. The Court will review respondent's determination for abuse of discretion. See
Petitioner was afforded a CDP hearing. Petitioner's request for a credit of her 2002 overpayment of Federal income tax to her 2003 Federal income tax liability is barred by section 6511(b)(2)(A); therefore, the 2003 tax liability remains unpaid. Respondent's determination to sustain the NFTL in the light of petitioner's failure to provide financial information or other collection alternatives was not an abuse of discretion.
We have considered petitioner's arguments, and, to the extent not mentioned, we conclude the arguments to be moot, irrelevant, or without merit.
To reflect the foregoing,
1. The Court's "jurisdiction under
2. The title for this code entry on the transcript is "failure to pay tax penalty". The proper characterization for this amount is addition to tax.
3. Petitioner presented several arguments in her petition that were not addressed at trial. The Court considers those arguments abandoned. See
4. The Court need not determine what standard of review to use for petitioner's argument because her argument is a legal one and the standard of review is immaterial.
5. Petitioner did not file for any extension of time to file her 2002 return.↩
6. Petitioner also argues that an IRS employee told her there was no deadline for filing her 2002 return. Estoppel applies only to statements of fact, not statements of law.