RICHARD H. KYLE, United States District Judge.
In this action, Plaintiff April Grunwald alleges Defendants Midland Funding LLC ("Midland") and Messerli & Kramer P.A. ("Messerli") violated the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA), 15 U.S.C. § 1692 et seq., in connection with a debt-collection letter sent to Grunwald in 2014. Defendants now move to dismiss. For the reasons that follow, their Motion will be granted.
At some point prior to 2014, Grunwald incurred a $9,930.61 debt with GE Capital Retail Bank. (Compl. ¶ 18.) Midland later acquired the debt and attempted to collect it. (Id. ¶ 19.) To do so, it retained Messerli, a law firm, which commenced litigation against Grunwald in the Olmstead County, Minnesota District Court in late 2014. (Weber Decl. Exs. 1-2.)
On December 22, 2014, Messerli sent Grunwald the letter at the heart of the present dispute. (Compl. ¶ 22 & Ex. A.) The letter provided that Messerli was writing to confer on a discovery plan for the state-court action "and also to discuss settlement." (Id. Ex. A.) Under the caption "Settlement Offer," it provided:
(Id.) Grunwald does not appear to dispute that the $30 "incurred costs" added to her "account balance" comprised the process server's fee. (See also Weber Aff. Ex. 4.)
Grunwald commenced this action on December 15, 2015. She does not dispute that she is indebted to Midland or that she has not paid the debt. Nevertheless, she alleges the letter violated the FDCPA because it added $30 to her "account balance" before Midland had prevailed in the state-court action and been awarded its costs of litigation. Stated differently, Grunwald "maintains that a debt collector cannot claim a consumer has an `account balance' on a debt ... of an amount that includes un-entitled, un-awarded, and un-itemized costs." (Mem. in Opp'n at 2.)
Defendants now move to dismiss. The Motion has been fully briefed and is ripe for disposition.
A complaint will survive a motion to dismiss only if it includes "enough facts to state a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 547, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 167 L.Ed.2d 929 (2007). A "formulaic recitation of the elements of a cause of action" will not suffice. Id. at 555, 127 S.Ct. 1955; accord Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009). Rather, the party seeking relief must set forth sufficient facts to "nudge[] the[] claim[] across the line from conceivable to plausible." Twombly, 550 U.S. at 570, 127 S.Ct. 1955. "The plausibility standard is not akin to a `probability requirement,' but it asks for more than a sheer possibility that a [party] has acted unlawfully." Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937 (quoting Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955). In reviewing a motion to dismiss, the Court "must accept a plaintiff's specific factual allegations as true but [need] not ... accept... legal conclusions." Brown v. Medtronic, Inc., 628 F.3d 451, 459 (8th Cir.2010) (citing Twombly, 550 U.S. at 556, 127 S.Ct. 1955).
The FDCPA was enacted to "eliminate abusive debt collection practices by debt collectors." 15 U.S.C. § 1692(e). Among its many provisions, the statute prohibits a debt collector from using (i) a "false, deceptive, or misleading representation... in connection with the collection of any debt," § 1692e, or (ii) any "unfair or unconscionable means to collect or attempt to collect any debt," § 1692f. Claims under these provisions are analyzed through the lens of an "unsophisticated consumer," Freyermuth v. Credit Bureau Servs., Inc., 248 F.3d 767, 771 (8th Cir.2001), a standard designed to "protect consumers of below average sophistication or intelligence
Here, Grunwald alleges Defendants violated both § 1692e and § 1692f by stating in the December 22 letter that her account balance included $30 in "incurred costs," which was ostensibly the fee for service of process in the state-court action. While Midland may well have been able to recover that fee if it prevailed in the state-court action, see Minn.Stat. § 549.04, subd. 1 ("[i]n every action in a district court, the prevailing party ... shall be allowed reasonable disbursements paid or incurred, including fees and mileage paid for service of process"), it had not yet prevailed when it sent the letter. This, according to Grunwald, broke the law: "a debt collector violate[s] the FDCPA by attempting to collect costs or fees the collector is not presently entitled to." (Mem. in Opp'n at 13.) And to be sure, this proposition enjoys some support. See, e.g., Shula v. Lawent, 359 F.3d 489, 492-93 (7th Cir.2004) (letter demanding unawarded court costs violated FDCPA); Gorman v. Messerli & Kramer, P.A., Civ. No. 15-1890, 2016 WL 755618, at *2-3 (D.Minn. Feb. 25, 2016) (Tunheim, C.J.) (same); but see Clark v. Main St. Acquisition Corp., 553 Fed.Appx. 510, 514-15 (6th Cir.2014).
But transgressions of sections 1692e and 1692f occur only when the alleged misrepresentation is material. Powers v. Credit Mgmt. Servs., Inc., 776 F.3d 567, 571 (8th Cir.2015) (citing Hahn v. Triumph P'ships LLC, 557 F.3d 755, 757-58 (7th Cir.2009)); Neill v. Bullseye Collection Agency, Inc., Civ. No. 08-5800, 2009 WL 1386155, at *2 (D.Minn. May 14, 2009) (Ericksen, J.); see also Elyazidi v. SunTrust Bank, 780 F.3d 227, 234 (4th Cir.2015); Donohue v. Quick Collect, Inc., 592 F.3d 1027, 1033-34 (9th Cir.2010); Miller v. Javitch, Block & Rathbone, 561 F.3d 588, 596 (6th Cir.2009). The FDCPA "is designed to provide information that helps consumers to choose intelligently." Hahn, 557 F.3d at 757-58. Hence, the statute addresses "only misstatements that are important in the sense that they could objectively affect the least sophisticated consumer's decisionmaking." Powell v. Palisades Acquisition XVI, LLC, 782 F.3d 119, 126 (4th Cir.2014) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Immaterial information, by its very nature, cannot impact a consumer's response to a debt-collection letter. Hahn, 557 F.3d at 757-58 ("A statement cannot mislead unless it is material, so a false but non-material statement is not actionable."); see also Donohue, 592 F.3d at 1034 ("[T]he materiality requirement functions as a corollary inquiry into whether a statement is likely to mislead an unsophisticated consumer. The materiality inquiry focuses our analysis on the same ends that [the FDCPA strives to achieve] — protecting consumers from misleading debt-collection practices.").
Here, Defendants argue the alleged "misstatement" in the December 22 letter was not material as a matter of law. (See
Even if Grunwald had not forfeited the argument, however, the Court would nevertheless conclude the alleged misrepresentation was not material, for two reasons.
First, the Court harbors serious doubt whether a thirty dollar misrepresentation in connection with a debt exceeding nine thousand dollars can be material as a matter of law. As noted above, a representation is material if it "frustrate[s] a consumer's ability to intelligently choose his or her response." Salaimeh v. Messerli & Kramer, P.A., Civ. No. 13-3201, 2014 WL 6684970, at *3 (D.Minn. Nov. 25, 2014) (Doty, J.) (citations omitted). In the Court's view, it strains credulity to believe that "misrepresenting" a consumer's debt by an amount roughly equal to three-tenths of one percent (0.003) of the actual total could alter the consumer's response to a debt-collection letter. But see Gorman, 2016 WL 755618, at *5. Indeed, by Grunwald's logic, any misstatement of the amount of a debt, no matter how minor, would constitute a violation of the statute. It is not hard to conceive of absurd outcomes that might result: should a one penny overstatement of a one-million-dollar debt run afoul of the statute? The FDCPA is intended to be liberally construed and broadly applied, but the Court does not believe it sweeps that broadly. See Powell, 782 F.3d at 127 ("[A] de minimis misstatement of the total amount owed might not be actionable."); see also McIvor v. Credit Control Servs., Inc., 773 F.3d 909, 913 (8th Cir.2014) ("Even a literally false statement does not violate § 1692e if it would not mislead the recipient.").
Based on the foregoing, and all the files, records, and proceedings herein,