ROBERT C. JONES, District Judge.
This case arises out of a dispute over the quality of mental health services. Defendant Majestic Behavioral Health has moved to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction, (ECF No. 9), and Pro se Plaintiff Henry Brandon has filed various nondispositive motions, (ECF Nos. 5, 8, 15, 20, and 22). For the reasons stated herein, the motion to dismiss is granted, and the remaining motions are denied as moot.
Pro se Plaintiff Henry Brandon's complaint is difficult to follow, but to the extent it can be understood, it alleges the following: Brandon is a resident of Las Vegas, Nevada. (Compl., ECF No. 1, at 1:1-4).
The substantive portion of the complaint begins with an assertion that Majestic committed some kind of "medical negligence" while providing Brandon with mental health services. (Compl., ECF No. 1, at 3:64-85).
The remainder of the complaint consists of a narrative describing improper supervision, (see, e.g., id. at 5:150, 31:1302), negligence, (see, e.g., id. at 4:102, 5:151, 9:349), medical malpractice, (see, e.g., id. at 9:346-49), a state criminal action against Brandon, (see generally id. at 39), and a subpoena for medical records related to the criminal proceeding, (id. at 9:316-329). Brandon also discusses a protective order that Majestic obtained against him in the Las Vegas Justice Court. (See, e.g., id. at 12:473, 24:977).
Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure allows for a motion to dismiss based on lack of subject-matter jurisdiction. It is axiomatic that federal courts are "courts of limited jurisdiction" and possess only that power authorized by the Constitution or statute. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of America, 511 U.S. 375, 377 (1994) (citations omitted). Indeed, it is "presumed that a cause lies outside this limited jurisdiction," and the burden of establishing the contrary is on the party asserting jurisdiction. Id. Limitations on the court's jurisdiction must neither be disregarded nor evaded. Owen Equip. & Erection Co. v. Kroger, 437 U.S. 365, 374 (1978). The court is obligated to determine whether it has subject-matter jurisdiction. See Valdez v. Allstate Ins. Co., 372 F.3d 1115, 1116 (9th Cir. 2004); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(h)(3) ("If the court determines at any time that it lacks subject-matter jurisdiction, the court must dismiss the action.").
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331, a federal district court has "original jurisdiction of all civil actions arising under the Constitution, laws, or treaties of the United States." A case "arises under" federal law if a plaintiff's "well-pleaded complaint establishes either that federal law creates the cause of action" or that the plaintiff's "right to relief under state law requires resolution of a substantial question of federal law in dispute between the parties." Franchise Tax Bd. v. Constr. Laborers Vacation Trust for S. Cal., 463 U.S. 1, 13 (1983). Under the wellpleaded complaint rule, "federal jurisdiction exists only when a federal question is presented on the face of the plaintiff's properly pleaded complaint." Caterpillar, Inc. v. Williams, 482 U.S. 386, 392 (1987). Because a defense is not part of a plaintiff's properly pleaded claim, see Metropolitan Life Ins. Co. v. Taylor, 481 U.S. 58, 63 (1987), jurisdiction may not properly be based on an anticipated defense created by federal law, see Franchise Tax Bd., 463 U.S. at 14.
Original jurisdiction may also be established pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332. Under § 1332, a federal district court has "original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs," and the dispute is between "citizens of different states."
Where, as here, "entities rather than individuals are litigants, diversity jurisdiction depends on the form of the entity." Johnson v. Columbia Props. Anchorage, LP, 437 F.3d 894, 899 (9th Cir. 2006). For example, "[a] corporation shall be deemed to be a citizen of any State by which it has been incorporated and of the State where it has its principal place of business." 28 U.S.C. § 1332(c)(1). In contrast, an unincorporated association, such as a partnership, has the same citizenship as each of its members or partners. Johnson, 437 F.3d at 899 (citing Carden v. Arkoma Assocs., 494 U.S. 185, 195-96 (1990)). "[L]ike a partnership, an LLC is a citizen of every state of which its owners/members are citizens." Id.
The instant complaint does not present a federal question. It neither references a single federal statue, other than Title II of the ADA, which is obviously inapplicable, nor sets forth a series of facts that could form the basis for a cognizable federal action. While Brandon's allegations are difficult to follow, it is clear that the thrust of his lawsuit is his dissatisfaction with mental health services. Whether his single cause of action,
Furthermore, even if the Court could consider Brandon's FCA theory, Brandon has failed to comply with the FCA's jurisdictional requirements. Indeed, to the extent that Brandon attempts to rely on the FCA's qui tam provisions, which is somewhat unclear,
Campbell, 421 F.3d 817, 820 (internal quotation marks omitted). Because Brandon has not satisfied these jurisdictional prerequisites, his claim cannot proceed, and the Court cannot entertain it.
The Court likewise lacks diversity jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. §1332. While Brandon has failed, insofar as the Court can tell, to affirmatively plead his state of citizenship, which itself may preclude the exercise of diversity jurisdiction, Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377 (The burden of establishing jurisdiction rests upon the party asserting jurisdiction), the contact information listed on his complaint includes a Nevada address, (Compl., ECF No. 1, at 1:1-4), and nothing in the record suggests citizenship in any other state. Majestic is an LLC and is therefore a citizen of every state in which its members are citizens. Johnson, 437 F.3d at 899. The Parties agree that at least one of Majestic's members is a Nevada citizen. (See Compl., ECF No. 1, at 3:64-65; Montgomery Decl. ECF No. 9, at 9). Accordingly, the Court finds that complete diversity is lacking, and Majestic's Rule 12(b)(1) motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction is therefore granted.
IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that Defendant's motion to dismiss for lack of subject-matter jurisdiction (ECF No. 9) is GRANTED.
IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the remaining motions (ECF Nos. 5, 8, 15, 20, and 22) are DENIED as MOOT.
It IS FURTHER ORDERED that the complaint (ECF No. 1) is DISMISSED, and the Clerk of the Court shall close the case.