Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


3-18-2008

Piskanin v. Hammer
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 07-2518




Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2008

Recommended Citation
"Piskanin v. Hammer" (2008). 2008 Decisions. Paper 1425.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2008/1425


This decision is brought to you for free and open access by the Opinions of the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit at Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in 2008 Decisions by an authorized administrator of Villanova
University School of Law Digital Repository. For more information, please contact Benjamin.Carlson@law.villanova.edu.
DLD-79                                                        NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                     No. 07-2518


                               MICHAEL J. PISKANIN,
                                               Appellant
                                       v.

                 GARY HAMMER, Detective; RICHARD LOBACH;
               COLONIAL REGIONAL POLICE DEPARTMENT AND
               SUPERIOR MUNICIPALITIES; TODD L. BUSHKIRK,
              Individually and as Warden of Northampton County Prison;
               COUNTY OF NORTHAMPTON; JAMES KATURA, Lt.
                individually and as a Guard, Employee of Northampton
                  County; HOLIDAY INN OWNERS, JOHN DOE(5)

                      ____________________________________

                    On Appeal from the United States District Court
                       for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania
                             (D.C. Civil No. 04-cv-01321)
                      District Judge: Honorable John R. Padova

                      ____________________________________

         Submitted for Possible Dismissal Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)
                                   December 6, 2007

         Before: BARRY, CHAGARES and NYGAARD, CIRCUIT JUDGES

                           (Opinion filed: March 18, 2008 )


                                       OPINION
PER CURIAM

       Appellant Michael J. Piskanin was convicted following a jury trial in the Court of

Common Pleas of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania of theft by deception, receiving stolen

property, and sixty counts of identity theft, in violation of 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann.

§§ 3922(a), 3925(a), and 4120, respectively. Piskanin was arrested on March 10, 2004 by

Detective Gary Hammer of the Colonial Regional Police Department, Northampton

County, following an investigation, which then was continued by the Pennsylvania State

Police. That investigation began when, on February 9, 2004, Detective Hammer received

a complaint of criminal mischief to a hotel room at a Holiday Inn from its manager,

Richard Lobach. The occupants had vacated the premises two days before. Detective

Hammer inspected the room, which had significant damage to it, and retrieved fake

Pennsylvania driver’s licenses and counterfeit checks. The licenses were subsequently

determined to have Piskanin’s picture on them.

       Detective Hammer obtained an arrest warrant for Piskanin from a District

Magistrate in Northampton County. Piskanin was arrested outside a different motel, the

Microtel Inn. He was searched and found to be carrying fake driver’s licenses. A

Pennsylvania State Trooper arrived on the scene of the arrest, removed a wallet from

Piskanin in a search incident to the arrest, and transported him to the barracks in Lehigh

County. Piskanin removed thirteen counterfeit checks from his pocket at the barracks and



                                              2
turned them over. All of the items found on Piskanin on March 10, 2004 were turned

over to the state trooper, including several wallets and 55 forms of identification bearing

Piskanin’s photograph.

       In addition, a search warrant was executed on Room 136 at the Microtel Inn,

where Piskanin was staying, pursuant to the approval of a Lehigh County District Justice.

A search of the room yielded substantial evidence, including a computer, printer-scanner,

software, counterfeit identification cards, check-making stationary/check stock, ten

complete identification cards, and purchase receipts from businesses. On Piskanin’s

computer, among other things, a state trooper found a template containing a blank form

Pennsylvania driver’s license with Piskanin’s picture on it. (It was blank with respect to

date of birth and address.) The trooper used the confiscated purchase receipts to contact

the businesses where Piskanin had passed the counterfeit checks.

       Piskanin was removed from Lehigh County and taken to appear before a District

Justice in Northampton County, who set bail at $10,000. Initially, he was placed in a

holding cell, but Lieutenant Kostura, of the Northampton County prison, removed him

from the holding cell and placed him on suicide watch. Piskanin’s religious

medal/necklace was taken from him, and he was unable to contact a bail bondsman or

counsel, or to file a petition for writ of habeas corpus while on suicide watch.

       Piskanin filed pretrial motions to suppress the evidence which had been seized

from his former and current motel rooms, his and his girlfriend’s automobiles, the burned



                                              3
remains of his former residence, and incident to his arrest. The Honorable Kelly L.

Banach of the Lehigh County Court of Common Pleas denied the motions, concluding,

among other things, that Piskanin had no reasonable expectation of privacy in the Holiday

Inn room he had checked out of, and that the search of his Microtel Inn room and of his

person incident to the arrest comported with state law and the Fourth Amendment.1

       At trial, the Commonwealth presented the testimony of 34 witnesses who stated

that an unknown individual used their personal information without permission. Each

witness was shown a Pennsylvania or Delaware driver’s license depicting Piskanin, but

containing personal information belonging to the witness or members of his family, and

each witness testified that their personal information was on the license, without their

permission. Four business owners recognized Piskanin as the person who presented a bad

check at their business.

       Piskanin is presently incarcerated as a result of this verdict. He filed suit under 42

U.S.C. §§ 1983 and 1985(3) in United States District Court for the Eastern District of

Pennsylvania, alleging violations of his constitutional civil rights against the Colonial

Police Department, Detective Hammer, Richard Lobach, Northampton County Prison

Warden Todd Bushkirk, Lieutenant James Kostura, and the County of Northampton in

connection with an alleged conspiracy to conduct illegal searches and seizures and to




   1
     The state trial judge also upheld the searches of Piskanin’s former residence, his and
his girlfriend’s automobiles, and a storage locker.

                                              4
arrest him, and an alleged conspiracy once he was jailed to violate his right to bail and

counsel, right of access to the courts, right to be free from cruel and unusual punishment

in the form of confinement to a suicide watch, and his First Amendment right to keep his

religious medal/necklace.

       The District Court dismissed the Colonial Police Department and the County of

Northampton early in the litigation pursuant to Monell v. Dep't of Social Services of City

of New York, 

(1978), and claims against Warden Buskirk and Lieutenant

Kostura in their official capacities were dismissed as well. Discovery ensued and

Piskanin was deposed. He voluntarily agreed to dismiss defendant Lobach from the

action. The remaining defendants moved for summary judgment.

       In various orders and opinions, the District Court granted the remaining

defendants’ motions for summary judgment and denied a motion for reconsideration.2

The court held that the suit against Detective Hammer alleging Fourth Amendment

violations was barred by Heck v. Humphrey, 

, 489 (1994), because success

on the civil rights claims would necessarily imply the invalidity of Piskanin’s convictions.

As those convictions had not been invalidated, Heck required dismissal of the action.

Summary judgment was granted on the conspiracy count under section 1985(3) against

defendants Buskirk, Kostura and Hammer, because there was no evidence that these




   2
     These orders were entered on the docket on March 29, 2007 (D.E. No. 130), April
30, 2007 (D.E. No. 136), May 7, 1007 (D.E. No. 138) and May 9, 2007 (D.E. No. 139).

                                              5
individuals acted out of an anti-Catholic bias.3 The court further found no evidentiary

basis whatever for Piskanin’s section 1983 claims against Buskirk, Kostura and Hammer,

concerning the denial of counsel, the right to bail, or the right of access to the courts.

       The District Court also awarded summary judgment to Buskirk, Kostura and

Hammer on the Eighth and First Amendment claims. The record showed that Kostura

placed Piskanin briefly on suicide watch because of his strange assertion that he was

working undercover for law enforcement authorities, an assertion which could not be

verified and which appeared to indicate emotional distress. Piskanin also asked to be

placed in protective custody. Dr. Alex Thomas interviewed Piskanin on March 14, 2004,

four days after Kostura placed him on suicide watch, and kept him on suicide watch. He

was seen by a psychiatrist two days later and the suicide watch was discontinued.

Personal items were taken from Piskanin while he was on suicide watch, including his

religious medal/necklace. It was mailed to a family member, who eventually mailed it

back to Piskanin, but he was without it for approximately 30 days.

       The District Court concluded that these circumstances provided an insufficient

evidentiary basis for a trial on either the Eighth or First Amendment claims. Piskanin’s

placement for a brief period of time on suicide watch and the removal of his religious

medal/necklace did not amount to punishment prior to an adjudication of guilt, Bell v.




   3
    Piskanin alleged that these defendants were motivated by a Masonic-inspired, class-
based animus to deprive him of his civil rights because he is Roman Catholic.

                                               6
Wolfish, 

, 535 n.16 (1979), and reasonably served the legitimate purpose of

protecting him from harming himself, Hubbard v. Taylor, 

, 159 (3d Cir.

2005). In addition, Piskanin’s First Amendment right to free exercise of religion was not

impermissibly impinged by the confiscation of his medal/necklace, because confiscation

satisfied the legitimate and neutral purpose of protecting him, and he was not otherwise

prevented from practicing his religion. Turner v. Safley, 

, 89-90 (1987);

Sutton v. Rasheed, 

, 252-53 (3d Cir. 2003).4

       Piskanin appeals. Our Clerk granted his motion to proceed in forma pauperis and

advised him that his appeal was subject to dismissal under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B).

The Warden of the State Correctional Institution at Cresson, where Piskanin is

incarcerated, was directed to make the initial fee assessment, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b).

Piskanin has filed a motion for reconsideration of the Clerk’s Order and objects to money

being deducted from his prison account for the purpose of paying the appellate fees. He

claims a $300.00 exemption under state law.

       We will dismiss the appeal as frivolous. An appellant may prosecute his appeal

without prepayment of the fees, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(a)(1), but the in forma pauperis statute

provides that the Court shall dismiss the appeal at any time if the Court determines that it




   4
    In addition, the District Court awarded summary judgment to the defendants on
Piskanin’s claim that his telephone data was obtained in violation of the Pennsylvania
Wiretapping and Electronic Surveillance Control Act, 18 Pa. Cons. Stat. Ann. § 5725(a),
and the court denied Piskanin’s request to be released from prison.

                                              7
is frivolous, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). An appeal is frivolous when it lacks an

arguable basis either in law or fact. Neitzke v. Williams, 

, 325 (1989). Our

review of the District Court's grant of summary judgment is plenary and we must affirm

summary judgment if there is no genuine issue of material fact and the moving party is

entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 

, 322-

23 (1986).

       We conclude that there is no arguable basis in fact or law for disagreeing with the

District Court’s summary judgment determination. 

; Celotex

. We have carefully reviewed the record, including the state

court opinions submitted with one of the summary judgment motions. The Opinions of

the District Court are thorough and well-reasoned, and we readily approve of the

reasoning of the District Court in full. Summary judgment was proper because the action

is barred as to some counts, Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. at 489,5 and there was an



   5
     In Gibson v. Superintendent, N.J. Dep’t of Law and Public Safety, 

(3d
Cir. 2005), cert. denied, 

(2006), we addressed whether Heck v.
Humphrey’s favorable termination rule applied to Fourth Amendment claims, and we
approved of a fact-based inquiry into whether the particular claim implied the invalidity
of the underlying conviction. 

Here, we agree with the District Court’s
threshold determination that Piskanin’s Fourth Amendment claims, if successful, would
have the effect of rendering his criminal convictions invalid. 

Piskanin’s case
is on appeal to the Superior Court, Commw. v. Piskanin, 2381 EDA 2007, and his brief is
due on December 31, 2007, according to the public docket. His conviction thus has not
been invalidated. In addition, the state trial judge addressed a sufficiency of the evidence
argument in her Pa. R. App. Pro. § 1925(a) opinion and she noted that the evidence
seized, including the thirteen counterfeit checks taken from Piskanin’s person at the
barracks, the over fifty checks seized from the Microtel Inn room, the four wallets

                                             8
insufficient evidentiary basis on which a reasonable jury could find in Piskanin’s favor on

the other counts, Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 

, 249-50 (1986).

       We will dismiss the appeal as frivolous under 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(i). The

motion for reconsideration of the Clerk’s Order is denied.6




containing fake identifications and the over 50 fake identification cards turned over on
the day of Piskanin’s arrest, provided the basis for the jury’s verdict. Thus, Piskanin’s
Fourth Amendment claims, if successful, would have the effect of rendering his criminal
convictions invalid.
   6
     The Prison Litigation Reform Act permits an inmate’s account to be assessed for the
appellate docketing fees, 28 U.S.C. § 1915(b), without regard to state statutes exempting
the value of certain amounts of money from attachment or execution. See generally
Cosby v. Meadors, 

, 1326-27 (10 th Cir. 2003) (if in forma pauperis prisoner
has means to pay monthly partial filing fee, as required under Prison Litigation Reform
Act, his failure to pay may result in dismissal of his case).


                                             9