Opinions of the United
2009 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


2-20-2009

Gerard McGroarty v. City of Wilkes-Barre
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 08-2316




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Recommended Citation
"Gerard McGroarty v. City of Wilkes-Barre" (2009). 2009 Decisions. Paper 1841.
http://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/thirdcircuit_2009/1841


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                                                               NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                    UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                         FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT


                                    No. 08-2316


                            GERARD MCGROARTY,

                                              Appellant

                                         v.

               CITY OF WILKES-BARRE; THOMAS LEIGHTON,
              individually and in his official capacity as Mayor of the
                               City of Wilkes-Barre




                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                     for the Middle District of Pennsylvania
                     (D.C. Civil Action No. 3-05-cv-02661)
                    District Judge: Honorable Edwin M. Kosik


                   Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
                               January 27, 2009

        Before: SCIRICA, Chief Judge, AMBRO, and SMITH, Circuit Judges

                         Opinion filed: February 20, 2009




                                     OPINION


AMBRO, Circuit Judge
       When he became mayor of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania in 1996, the brother of

Gerard McGroarty created the Department of Facilities, Parks, and Recreation and

appointed McGroarty Director. When Wilkes-Barre did not reelect McGroarty’s brother,

the new mayor eliminated McGroarty’s position, dissolved that Department, and returned

its responsibilities to the Department of Public Works (which had previously carried them

out). McGroarty sued the mayor and City in 2005 under 28 U.S.C. § 1983 for terminating

him based on his support for his brother’s reelection in violation of the First and

Fourteenth Amendments. The District Court granted summary judgment to the mayor

and City on the ground that McGroarty’s job was political. McGroarty timely appealed.

We will affirm.

Jurisdiction & Standard of Review

       The District Court had federal question jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1331 and

we have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We exercise plenary review. Gonzalez v.

AMR, 

, 223 (3d Cir. 2008). Summary judgment is appropriate if there are no

genuine issues of material fact and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of

law. 

Supreme Court prohibits termination of a government employee based on

political affiliation unless “party affiliation is an appropriate requirement for the effective

performance of the public office involved.” Branti v. Finkel, 

, 518 (1980).

The inquiry is “fact specific.” Waskovich v. Morgano, 

, 1297 (3d Cir. 1993).

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We consider whether the employee: has duties that are non-discretionary or non-

technical; participates in discussions or other meetings; prepares budgets; possesses the

authority to hire and fire other employees; has a high salary; retains power over others;

and can speak in the name of policymakers. Galli v. New Jersey Meadowlands Comm’n,

, 271 (3d. Cir. 2007). “The key factor seems to be not whether the employee

was a supervisor or had a great deal of responsibility, but whether she has meaningful

input into decisionmaking concerning the nature and scope of a major program.” 

marks and brackets omitted). In deciding patronage cases, we seek to

(1) protect “the individual’s ability to act according to his beliefs,” Elrod v. Burns, 

, 355–56 (1976), and (2) prevent political parties from using patronage to coerce

votes, 

while (3) ensuring that the top of government can use the bottom to

implement policy, 

       The mayor’s termination of McGroarty was not unconstitutional. The factors, as

applied to the undisputed facts of this case, favor the mayor and City. McGroarty did not

dispute that department heads are supposed to make policy and personnel decisions,

advocate for the mayor and City, and propose a budget. See Wilkes-Barre Admin. Code

§ 5:04 & 5:05 (stating that department heads are subject to removal at the discretion of

the mayor and defining the responsibilities of a department head). He argues that, despite

this job description, his job was rote. His regular duties, he states, were to cut grass,

remove garbage and graffiti, and schedule use of public recreational facilities. According

to McGroarty, his brother, while mayor, micro-managed the Department of Facilities,

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Parks, and Recreation, and gave McGroarty little discretion in exercising his duties, no

control over hiring or firing, little control over the budget, and no role in setting

Department priorities. But he does not dispute that, as Director, he created a five-year

plan for the Department, attended weekly meetings with the mayor, directed a staff of

about 175, and spoke to the public in the name of policymakers.

       Our conclusion accords with the Supreme Court’s policy of protecting the ability

of elected leaders to implement policy. When a mayor creates a new department and

names his brother to a leadership role in it (the duties of which at least theoretically

include policymaking), the next mayor should be able to fire the brother. The former

mayor created the impression (whether accurate or inaccurate) of nepotism. The new

mayor needs to be able to distance himself from that image.

       That the previous mayor allegedly chose to micro-manage the Department does not

change our view. A mayor may choose not to use appointees for all of the functions their

offices permit without thereby losing the ability to fire them for political reasons. See

(“[W]e have focused our analysis on the functions of the

public office in question and not the actual past duties of the particular employee

involved.”) (internal brackets and quotation marks omitted). In any case, McGroarty did

significantly more than cut grass and book recreational facilities; among other things, he

created a five-year plan and directed a large staff.

       The Deputy Director of Public Works, who now holds “99%” of the functions that

McGroarty once held, is a unionized employee subject to a collective bargaining

                                               4
agreement. McGroarty argues that this shows that his job was not “political.” But by

revoking the departmental status of a particular government function and thereby ceasing

to exercise direct supervision over it, a mayor can eliminate its political character even

though he has not changed the day-to-day activities of those carrying out the function.

Conclusion

       For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the order of the District Court.




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