Filed: Aug. 22, 2011
Latest Update: Feb. 21, 2020
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 11-4020 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. KEVIN MICHAEL WILLIS, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Henry E. Hudson, District Judge. (3:10-cr-00186-HEH-1) Submitted: July 20, 2011 Decided: August 22, 2011 Before MOTZ, GREGORY, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Michael S. Nachmanoff, Federal P
Summary: UNPUBLISHED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT No. 11-4020 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff – Appellee, v. KEVIN MICHAEL WILLIS, Defendant - Appellant. Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, at Richmond. Henry E. Hudson, District Judge. (3:10-cr-00186-HEH-1) Submitted: July 20, 2011 Decided: August 22, 2011 Before MOTZ, GREGORY, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges. Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion. Michael S. Nachmanoff, Federal Pu..
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UNPUBLISHED
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT
No. 11-4020
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff – Appellee,
v.
KEVIN MICHAEL WILLIS,
Defendant - Appellant.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern
District of Virginia, at Richmond. Henry E. Hudson, District
Judge. (3:10-cr-00186-HEH-1)
Submitted: July 20, 2011 Decided: August 22, 2011
Before MOTZ, GREGORY, and SHEDD, Circuit Judges.
Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.
Michael S. Nachmanoff, Federal Public Defender, Paul G. Gill,
Assistant Federal Public Defender, Richmond, Virginia, for
Appellant. Neil H. MacBride, United States Attorney, Richard D.
Cooke, Assistant United States Attorney, Michael A. Jagels,
Special Assistant United States Attorney, Richmond, Virginia,
for Appellee.
Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
PER CURIAM:
Kevin Michael Willis pleaded guilty, pursuant to a
plea agreement, to federal drug and firearms charges. In the
plea agreement, he reserved the right to appeal the district
court’s denial of his motion to suppress, the subject of this
appeal.
We review factual findings underlying the district
court’s denial of a motion to suppress for clear error and legal
conclusions de novo. United States v. Kelly,
592 F.3d 586, 589
(4th Cir.) cert. denied, 130 S. Ct. 3374 (2010). When
evaluating the denial of a suppression motion, the court
construes the evidence in the light most favorable to the
Government, the prevailing party below. Id.. We may affirm the
judgment of the district court on any grounds apparent from the
record. United States v. Smith,
395 F.3d 516, 519 (4th Cir.
2005).
Willis advances three arguments on appeal. First, he
asserts that he has standing to object to law enforcement’s
entry into Burton’s apartment without a search warrant. Second,
he argues that police may not, absent exigent circumstances,
enter a third party’s residence to execute an arrest warrant
when they do not have reason to believe the subject of the
arrest warrant lives or stays there. Third, he argues that no
exigent circumstances justified entry into the apartment.
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Because we conclude exigent circumstances did justify the
warrantless entry in this case, we find it unnecessary to
address Willis’ other arguments.
Under the Fourth Amendment, warrantless entry into a
home is unlawful in the absence of exigent circumstances.
Payton v. New York,
445 U.S. 573, 589 (1980). “For police
officers successfully to assert the exigent circumstances
doctrine, they need only possess a reasonable suspicion that
such circumstances exist at the time of the search or seizure in
question.” Figg v. Schroeder,
312 F.3d 625, 639 (4th Cir. 2002)
(internal quotation marks omitted). The Government bears the
burden of demonstrating exigent circumstances. Welsh v.
Wisconsin,
466 U.S. 740, 749-50 (1984).
Willis argues that no exigency existed at the time of
the search. He asserts that police did not initially see any
evidence that Willis was armed or had contraband and the
outstanding warrants did not involve weapons or drugs.
Courts have recognized a variety of exigent
circumstances justifying a warrantless entry into a home. See
Kentucky v. King,
131 S. Ct. 1849, 1856 (2011) (collecting and
summarizing exigent circumstances). For example, “[p]olice
officers may enter premises without a warrant when they are in
hot pursuit of a fleeing suspect.”
Id. Police may also make a
warrantless entry to prevent the imminent destruction of
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evidence. Brigham City v. Stuart,
547 U.S. 398, 403 (2006).
The emergency aid exception permits officers to “enter a home
without a warrant to render emergency assistance to an injured
occupant or to protect an occupant from imminent injury.”
Id.
Here, the district court succinctly summarized the
evidence supporting a finding that exigent circumstances
justified warrantless entry into the apartment: (1) Willis was
known to deal narcotics in the area; (2) Willis had frequently
been described to law enforcement as “unstable”; (3) the
apartment complex was a high-crime area; (4) Willis had an
outstanding felony arrest warrant and several misdemeanor arrest
warrants; (5) Willis fled at the sight of law enforcement and
ignored commands to stop; (6) law enforcement had information
that Willis had carried a gun in connection with his drug
dealing on at least one prior occasion; (7) Willis fled into an
unknown apartment; (8) when officers banged on the door, Willis
stated he would exit the apartment, but he failed to do so; (9)
police delayed entry until they obtained a ballistics shield out
of concern for their safety. Considering these facts together,
under the totality of the circumstances, we conclude that police
were justified in entering the apartment without a warrant
because, first, they were in hot pursuit of a fleeing suspect,
second, they believed immediate entry was necessary to prevent
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the destruction of evidence, and third, they believed entry was
necessary to prevent potential harm to third parties.
Accordingly, we affirm the judgment of the district
court. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and
legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials
before the court and argument would not aid the decisional
process.
AFFIRMED
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