OPINION

Andrew B. Altenburg, Jr., United States Bankruptcy Judge.

INTRODUCTION

LaRosa Greenhouse, LLP ("Debtor") filed a motion seeking to modify its chapter 12 confirmed plan. The motion sought to extend certain deadlines for the Debtor to make payments and to make other adjustments due to, inter alia, Debtor's counsel's intention to seek further post-confirmation compensation from the Debtor and/or the bankruptcy estate. Section 1229 of title 11 permits a debtor to modify a plan post-confirmation under certain circumstances. But the issues presented here are: 1) whether Debtor's counsel is entitled to compensation for post-confirmation services to be paid by the Debtor and/or the bankruptcy estate; and 2) whether the Debtor can modify its chapter 12 plan post-confirmation to address the payment of post-confirmation fees and expenses especially here, where a confusedly-drafted confirmation order has created alternative interpretations. For the reasons that follow, the answer to these questions is: yes.

JURISDICTION AND VENUE

This matter before the court is a core proceeding pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 157(b)(2)(A), (B), (L), and (O), and the court has jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1334, 28 U.S.C. § 157(a) and the Standing Order of Reference issued by the United States District Court for the District of New Jersey on July 23, 1984, as amended on September 18, 2012, referring all bankruptcy cases to the bankruptcy court. The following constitutes this court's findings of fact and conclusions of law as required by Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 7052.

PROCEDURAL HISTORY

This matter is before the court on the Debtor's Motion for Modification of Chapter 12 Plan after Confirmation Pursuant to § 1229(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, filed October 28, 2016 in which the Debtor sought permission to: (1) extend the time to pay the balance of the October 2016 installment due under the confirmed plan to unsecured creditors on or before December 31, 2016; (2) extend the time to pay the balance of the chapter 12 trustee's attorney's fees and costs on or before December 31, 2016; and (3) postpone determination of whether Debtor's counsel's allowed fees and expenses were less than $136,500 until such time as the court entered an order respecting Debtor's counsel's final application for fees and expenses. Issues were raised with regard to whether Debtor's counsel could seek further compensation from the estate post-confirmation and whether that final application should be calculated against the $136,500 amount set forth in the order confirming the Debtor's plan. By order dated December 5, 2016, this court granted the Debtor's first two requests but held in abeyance the third pending submissions of parties in interest. After the submissions, the court conducted a telephonic hearing on February 8, 2017 on the remaining issues. After considering the arguments of the parties and initially concluding that the Debtor's reading of the confirmation order was incorrect, the court promptly reconsidered its position and took the matter under advisement. The matter is now ripe for determination.

FACTUAL BACKGROUND

The relevant facts are as follows. On November 2, 2015, the Debtor filed a voluntary petition for relief under chapter 12 of title 11 of the United States Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 101 et seq. (the "Bankruptcy Code"). On the same day, the Debtor filed an Application for Retention of Professional to retain Kasen & Kasen as counsel for the Debtor as a debtor in possession. On November 4, 2015, Andrea Dobin, Esquire, was appointed the chapter 12 trustee ("Trustee"). On November 24, 2015, the court entered an Order Authorizing Retention of Attorneys for Debtor (Doc. No. 48).

On January 29, 2016, the Debtor filed the Debtor's Chapter 12 Plan of Reorganization (the "Plan") (Doc. No. 75). The Plan included the following provision: "Kasen & Kasen has an administrative expense priority claim against the Debtor in the approximate amount of $100,000. This claim, to the extent it is allowed under 11 U.S.C. § 503(b), shall be paid from the Debtor's future income from on-going operations...." Id. The Plan also proposed that non-priority general unsecured creditors would receive pro-rata distribution of a total of $62,020 over a three year period.

After Debtor's negotiations with the Trustee and its creditors prior to the confirmation hearing, the court confirmed the Plan with the parties to submit an order on consent. The parties then negotiated the terms of and the court entered an Order Confirming Chapter 12 Plan on April 19, 2016 (the "Confirmation Order") (Doc. No. 115) that included the following paragraphs:

Month, Year       Payment to General Unsecured Creditors

October, 2016     $15,000.00

October, 2017     $25,000.00

October, 2018     $42,335.00

Thus, pursuant to the Confirmation Order, non-priority general unsecured creditors were now to receive a total of $82,335 paid pro rata, plus the difference between Debtor's counsel's allowed fees and expenses and $136,500,1 if any (the "Difference Payment"). This resulted in a potential increase of the amount to be paid to the unsecured creditor class proposed in the Plan. Thereafter, on June 8, 2016, the Court entered an Order Amending Confirmation Order (the "Amended Confirmation Order") (Doc. No. 124). The Amended Confirmation Order clarified a secured creditor's lien retention but otherwise kept all provisions of the Confirmation Order in full force and effect.

At the time of the Confirmation Order, there were no allowed fees and expenses of Debtor's counsel. Then, on July 18, 2016, Kasen & Kasen filed an Application for Interim Allowance to Counsel for Debtor (the "Interim Fee Application") (Doc. No. 131). In the Interim Fee Application, counsel requested an award of fees for the period of September 17, 2015 through July 14, 2016 in the amount of $163,555.00 plus expenses of $1,737.24, with a credit of $36,500.00 on account of a prepetition retainer. The Trustee objected to the Interim Fee Application (Doc. No. 146). On September 1, 2016, the Court issued an oral opinion (Doc. No. 149), and entered an Order Granting Allowances, granting Kasen & Kasen fees in the reduced amount of $123,000.00 and expenses in the amount of $1,737.24 for a total of $124,737.24 (Doc. No. 150) ("Allowance Order"). These were and remain the only allowed fees as of the end of October 2016 and to date.

On October 28, 2016, more than 180 days from the date of the entry of the Confirmation Order,2 the Debtor filed a Motion for Modification of Chapter 12 Plan After Confirmation Pursuant to § 1229(a) of the Bankruptcy Code ("Motion to Modify Plan") (Doc. No. 159). The purpose of the Motion to Modify Plan was to extend certain deadlines for the Debtor to make payments pursuant to the Plan and Confirmation Orders. Relevant to this discussion, the Certification in Support of the Motion to Modify Plan (Doc. No. 159-2) contained the following paragraphs:

Id.3

The Trustee filed a Certification in Response to Debtor's Motion to Modify Chapter 12 Plan (Doc. No. 161). She argued that Debtor's counsel is not permitted to file an additional fee application because "by analogy to Chapter 11, in this post-confirmation Chapter 12 case, the Debtor's counsel is no longer obligated or entitled to file a fee application to have its fees `allowed' such that they impact the Chapter 12 Estate generally." Id. The Trustee also noted that by filing an additional fee application, Kasen & Kasen was seeking to reduce the Difference Payment. Id.

On November 22, 2016, the Court held a hearing on the Motion to Modify Plan. At that time, the Acting United States Trustee ("US Trustee"), the Trustee and Debtor's counsel appeared. Upon conclusion of the hearing, the court directed further briefing on the issues presented. Each of the parties submitted pleadings. None of the parties further addressed the issue of the Difference Payment and the finality of allowed fees. As a result, the court conducted a telephonic hearing on February 8, 20174 and let the parties state their cases.

DISCUSSION

1. Chapter 12 Background

As noted, this is a chapter 12 case involving a farm. A brief discussion of chapter 12 will aid in understanding this court's determination of the issues presented.

"In 1986, Congress enacted Chapter 12 of the Bankruptcy Code, § 1201 et seq., to allow farmer debtors with regular annual income to adjust their debts. Chapter 12 was modeled on Chapter 13, § 1301 et seq., which permits individual debtors with regular annual income to preserve existing assets subject to a `court-approved plan under which they pay creditors out of their future income.'" Hall v. United States, 566 U.S. 506, 132 S.Ct. 1882, 1885, 182 L.Ed.2d 840 (2012) (citing Hamilton v. Lanning, 560 U.S. 505, 508, 130 S.Ct. 2464, 2469, 177 L.Ed.2d 23 (2010)). See also In re Hemann, No. BR 11-00261, 2013 WL 1385404, at *5 (Bankr. N.D. Iowa Apr. 3, 2013). Like chapter 13 cases, there can be no involuntary chapter 12 cases and only the debtor may propose a plan. See 11 U.S.C. §§ 303(a) and 1221. Also like chapter 13 cases, a trustee is appointed but it is the debtor, unless otherwise removed, that remains the debtor in possession and operates the farm. 11 U.S.C. §§ 1202, 1203 and 1207(b). See also In re Tarby, No. 11-32886/JHW, 2012 WL 1390201, at *5 (Bankr. D.N.J. Apr. 20, 2012) (the Debtor shall remain in possession of all property of the estate pursuant to 1207(b)); In re Hepworth, No. 99-41514, 2000 WL 33712220, at *1 (Bankr. D. Idaho May 30, 2000) (debtors in Chapter 12, unless removed, occupy the status of debtors-in-possession); In re Muzzey, No. 89-00149, 1990 WL 106716, at *2 (Bankr. D. Vt. May 14, 1990) (chapter 12 debtor has the power to operate the debtor's farm). Finally, analogous to chapter 13 cases, and unlike more complicated chapter 11 cases, there is no creditors' committee, no disclosure statement is prepared, creditors do not get to vote on the plan and there is no absolute priority rule preventing debtors from retaining assets without full payment to creditors. See 11 U.S.C. § 1225 and Norwest Bank Worthington v. Ahlers, 485 U.S. 197, 211, 108 S.Ct. 963, 971, 99 L.Ed.2d 169 (1988).

While chapter 12 cases are modeled after chapter 13 cases, there are specific references to chapter 11 provisions in chapter 12. Perhaps recognizing the need to provide chapter 12 debtors in possession with broader rights and powers than those provided under chapter 13, Congress, through section 1203, provided that chapter 12 debtors in possession "shall have all the rights, other than the right to compensation under section 330, and powers and shall perform all the functions and duties, except the duties specified in paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 1106(a), of a trustee serving in a case under chapter 11, including operating the debtor's farm or commercial fishing operation." 11 U.S.C. § 1203. See also In re Jones, 505 B.R. 229, 231 (Bankr. E.D. Wis. 2014) (chapter 12 debtor is charged with performing the duties of a trustee); In re Merrifield, 214 B.R. 362, 364 (8th Cir. BAP 1997); In re Molnar Bros., 200 B.R. 555, 558 (Bankr. D.N.J. 1996) (debtor retained all of the rights and duties of a trustee (with certain exceptions not relevant here) because it operated the farm as a debtor-in-possession).

One important power provided to chapter 12 debtors in possession is the right to seek the employment of counsel. Pursuant to section 327 of the Code:

11 U.S.C. § 327(a). Accordingly, a chapter 12 debtor in possession is permitted to retain professionals, including attorneys pursuant to section 327. In re Cashen, 56 Fed.Appx. 714, 716 (7th Cir. 2002); In re Swenson, No. 09-41687, 2013 WL 3776318, at *2 (Bankr. D. Kan. July 16, 2013) (citing In re French, 139 B.R. 485, 488 & n. 3 (Bankr. D.S.D. 1992); In re Brown, 354 B.R. 535, 539 (Bankr. N.D. Okla. 2006)); see also In re Thorpe, 563 B.R. 576, 597-98 (Bankr. E.D. Pa. 2017) (chapter 12 debtor must obtain court approval to retain professionals) (citing In re Stacy Farms, 78 B.R. 494, 499 (Bankr. S.D. Ohio 1987); Matter of Slack, 73 B.R. 382, 382 (Bankr. W.D. Mo. 1987)).

Further, parties retained under section 327 can be awarded fees and expenses under section 330, which, in part, provides:

11 U.S.C § 330(a)(1). "An award under § 330(a) is entitled to administrative expenses status." In re Swenson, 2013 WL 3776318, at *2 (citing 11 U.S.C § 503(b)(2)). There is nothing in the Bankruptcy Code requiring different treatment under § 330(a)(1) for counsel for the debtor in possession in chapter 12 cases than in other cases. Id. Hence, chapter 12 counsel fees are administrative expenses.

Estate property must be distributed in the priority order set forth in section 507. In re Molnar Bros., 200 B.R. at 558. Administrative expenses allowed under section 503(b) are afforded second priority under section 507. See 11 U.S.C. § 507(a)(2). Except for certain governmental claims, a chapter 12 plan must provide for full payment of priority claims in order of priority in deferred cash payments. Hall v. U.S., 132 S.Ct. at 1885 (citing 11 U.S.C. § 1222(a)(2)). However, a priority claim creditor can agree to a different treatment. See 11 U.S.C. § 1222(a)(2)(B). Section 1226 clearly provides for "the trustee or the debtor" to make payments under the plan and for those payments to be made "in accordance with the plan." In re McCann, 202 B.R. 824, 829 (Bankr. N.D.N.Y. 1996) (citing 11 U.S.C. §§ 1225(a)(5)(B)(ii), 1226(a)).

Unless otherwise provided in the plan, confirmation vests all of the property of the estate back into the Debtor. Hall v. United States, 132 S.Ct. at 1897; In re Thorpe, 563 B.R. at 596 (quoting 11 U.S.C. § 1227(b)). The Plan in this case specifically provides that "all property of the estate shall revest in the Debtor." (Doc. No. 75, p. 15.)

2. Kasen & Kasen Is Entitled to Compensation For Post-Confirmation Services to Be Paid by the Debtor and/or the Bankruptcy Estate

With this background, the court addresses the issue initially raised by the Trustee of whether Kasen & Kasen's post-confirmation attorney fees and costs are an estate obligation. The court recognizes that the Trustee has now, subsequent to the submission of the US Trustee, adopted the position of the US Trustee, and for that matter, Kasen & Kasen, that they are. Nevertheless, since there "no case law on point," Doc. No. 161, p. 4, the court is hopeful that its opinion will provide guidance in future cases.

As pointed out by the US Trustee in its submission, "[i]n a chapter 11 non-individual case, the vesting of estate property in the debtor upon confirmation means that the estate ceases to exist. See In re Resorts Int'l, Inc., 372 F.3d 154, 165 (3d Cir. 2004). As there is no longer an estate, services rendered by professionals employed under section 327 are no longer rendered on behalf of an estate — and so are no longer compensable from the estate under section 330(a) or allowable as an administrative expense of the estate under section 503(b)." Doc. No. 166, ¶ 27.

By contrast, in chapter 12 cases, the vesting of estate property in the debt or upon confirmation does not dissolve the bankruptcy estate, as section 1207(a) provides:

11 U.S.C.A. § 1207(a).5 Notably, "confirmation" is not one of the events that ends the bankruptcy estate. In addition, section 1207(b) provides that "the debtor shall remain in possession of all property of the estate." 11 U.S.C.A. § 1207(b). "The debtor can remain in possession of property except as stated in the confirmed plan or the order confirming the plan, unless § 1204 applies, i.e., the debtor is removed from possession by order of the court." In re Roesner, 153 B.R. 328, 332 (Bankr. D. Kan. 1993). This contemplates a post-confirmation estate. This court agrees with this conclusion. See In re Thorpe, 563 B.R. at 593, n. 26. "Where ... the statute's language is plain, `the sole function of the court is to enforce it according to its terms.'" United States v. Ron Pair Enters., Inc., 489 U.S. 235, 241, 109 S.Ct. 1026, 1030, 103 L.Ed.2d 290 (1989) (quoting Caminetti v. United States, 242 U.S. 470, 485, 37 S.Ct. 192, 194, 61 S.Ct. 442 (1917)). If Congress had intended confirmation of a chapter 12 plan to dissolve the bankruptcy estate or the debtor's possession of property of the estate, it could easily have said so, but it did not. Thus the court is convinced that the plain language of section 1207 supports that a bankruptcy estate exists post-confirmation in a chapter 12 case.

Here, Kasen & Kasen was properly retained as an estate professional and remains an estate professional under section 327. Because the bankruptcy estate still exists post-confirmation, Kasen & Kasen must from this court seek an award of compensation under section 330(a) and Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 2016(a) by filing a fee application.6 If its fees and expenses meet the requirements of section 330 and demonstrate a benefit to the chapter 12 bankruptcy estate, Kasen & Kasen may be awarded compensation. See In re Brandenburger, 145 B.R. 624 (Bankr. D.S.D. 1992). Any compensation awarded to Kasen & Kasen will be afforded administrative expense status under section 503(b)(2) and be paid pursuant to sections 507(a)(2) and 1226(b)(1).7 It should be noted that the Plan provides that "[t]he Debtor shall use its future income from ongoing operations to meet all of its post-confirmation obligations not otherwise provided for herein" and likewise, Kasen and Kasen's compensation will be paid from the Debtor's future income from on-going operations. Doc. No. 75, pp. 11 and 13.

3. The Debtor Can Modify Its Chapter 12 Plan Post-Confirmation to Address the Confusedly-Drafted Confirmation Order Containing Unclear Terms Concerning the Payment of Unsecured Claims

One would think that a straightforward reading of the Confirmation Order would lead to the conclusion that, if in October of 2016 Kasen & Kasen's to date allowed fees and expenses were less than $136,500, the Difference Payment would be paid to the general unsecured creditors in addition to and together with the distribution already to be made to unsecured creditors in October 2016. In October 2016, Kasen & Kasen's only allowed fees and expenses totaled $124,737.24. With that in mind, the Difference Payment would be $11,762.76 ($136,500 less $124,737.24) and should be distributed to the unsecured creditors in October 2016. Instead, the Debtor argues that allowed fees have to be "final" in order for the formula thereunder to work, and alleges that the Allowance Order is not a final order nor has it prepared and filed a final fee application. For these reasons, the Debtor seeks an extension of time to pay the Difference Payment until all allowed fees are finalized.

In short, the language in the Confirmation Order as it pertains to the Difference Payment is not well-defined. What exactly are "allowed fees and expenses"? Considering the court's position on the appropriateness of post-confirmation fee applications set forth above, allowed fees and expenses might be incurred until the closing of the case. Thus, the Confirmation Order is unclear and creates confusion giving rise to alternative interpretations of what "allowed fees and expenses" are.8 With this in mind, the court finds that the Motion to Modify can remedy the defect in the Confirmation Order because the modification, seeking to extend the time to make the Difference Payment until all fees and costs are determined, in essence, seeks to address the treatment of claims. Without curing the defect, the Plan, as modified by the Confirmation Order, fails, so an extension of time to make payments is necessary. Modification is permissible under 11 U.S.C. § 1229(a) when it addresses the treatment of claims as provided for therein. In re Wruck, 183 B.R. 862, 865 (Bankr. D.N.D. 1995). In particular, section 1229 provides:

11 U.S.C. § 1229(a). "Unanticipated changes in circumstances and unexpected problems associated with the implementation of a plan militate in favor of a certain degree of flexibility to the operation of § 1227 and the doctrine of res judicata. The framers of the Code recognized this need for flexibility and provided for it in § 1229." Wruck, 183 B.R. at 865. The Motion to Modify clearly identifies the unexpected problem associated with the implementation of the Plan and attempts to remedy the defect.

Here, paragraph (2) of section 1229(a) applies. Because an unexpected problem has arisen, i.e., the confusion as to the extent of allowed fees and expenses, the implementation of the Plan through the Confirmation Order and the timing of a payment thereunder must be extended. While initially it appears that the Confirmation Order requires the Difference Payment to be made in October 2016, nothing else in the record before the court, including the pleadings submitted and the arguments of the parties, convinces the court that the alternative interpretation requiring distribution of the Difference Payment after allowance of all fees and expenses is wrong. No bad faith has been demonstrated. No compelling challenge has been made. In considering the evidence and the positions of the parties at the time the Confirmation Order was negotiated, the Debtor's interpretation makes sense and it is not unreasonable or irrational to conclude that this was or should have been envisioned.9 Unfortunately, poor draftsmanship that created alternative interpretations of the Confirmation Order has created an unexpected problem with implementation of the Plan and the timing of a payment thereunder. Because of this, the court must extend the time for the Debtor to make the contemplated distribution, if any, until after a determination of all allowed fees and expenses.10

CONCLUSION

The court finds Kasen & Kasen must file fee applications for compensation for post-confirmation services to be paid by the Debtor from the bankruptcy estate. After it files its last fee application, the Difference Payment shall be calculated and, if a positive amount, paid by the Debtor. It further finds the Debtor can modify its chapter 12 plan post-confirmation to permit retained professionals to seek compensation for post-confirmation services and to address the Difference Payment in this way.

An appropriate judgment has been entered consistent with this decision.

The court reserves the right to revise its findings of fact and conclusions of law.