Case: 11-31073     Document: 00512032444         Page: 1     Date Filed: 10/25/2012




            IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                     FOR THE FIFTH CIRCUIT  United States Court of Appeals
                                                     Fifth Circuit

                                                                            FILED
                                                                         October 25, 2012

                                       No. 11-31073                        Lyle W. Cayce
                                                                                Clerk

JULIE DEMAHY,

                                                  Plaintiff-Appellant
v.

SCHWARZ PHARMA, INCORPORATED; ACTAVIS, INCORPORATED,
Individually and as Successor in Interest of Purepac Pharmaceutical
Company; WYETH, Individually and as Successor-in-Interest of A.H. Robins
Company, Incorporated,



                                                  Defendants-Appellees



                   Appeal from the United States District Court
                      for the Eastern District of Louisiana
                             USDC No. 2:08-CV-3616


Before BENAVIDES, OWEN, and SOUTHWICK, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM:*
        In this case, Plaintiff-Appellant Julie Demahy (“Demahy”) appeals the
district court’s denial of two motions: a motion for relief from judgment as to
Defendants-Appellees Wyeth, Inc. (“Wyeth”) and Schwarz Pharma, Inc.


        *
         Pursuant to 5TH CIR. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not
be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5TH CIR.
R. 47.5.4.
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                                 No. 11-31073

(“Schwarz”), makers of the prescription drug metoclopramide under the brand
name Reglan, and a motion to set aside judgment as to Defendant-Appellee
Actavis, Inc. (“Actavis”), a manufacturer of a generic version of metoclopramide.
We find that the district court was correct in denying the motions and,
accordingly, we affirm.
                FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
      This case stems from Plaintiff-Appellant Demahy’s use of generic
metoclopramide. The Food and Drug Administration (“FDA”) approved Reglan
for use in 1980 and generic metoclopramide has been produced by a number of
generic manufacturers since 1985, including by Actavis. Wyeth acquired the
rights to name-brand Reglan in 1989 and it manufactured Reglan until 2001,
when it sold the rights to Schwarz. Schwarz manufactured name-brand Reglan
until 2008, when it sold the rights to Alaven Pharmaceutical LLC.
      In 1985, the FDA required that metoclopramide’s label be updated to
include a warning about the risk of tardive dyskinesia, an often irreversible
neurological disorder, and Actavis updated its label to include these warnings.
In 2004, the FDA approved the name-brand manufacturer’s requested change
to the Reglan label, adding a warning that Reglan should not be used for more
than twelve weeks. In 2009, the FDA issued a black-box warning—its strongest
warning—stating that treatment with metoclopramide can cause tardive
dyskinesia, and treatment “for longer than 12 weeks should be avoided in all but
rare cases.” Pliva, Inc. v. Mensing, 

, 2573 (2011) (quoting
Physician’s Desk Reference 2902 (65th ed. 2011)).
      On April 28, 2008, Demahy filed the current suit in state court for
damages against Wyeth, Schwarz, and Actavis. The complaint sought damages
that Demahy allegedly suffered due to her use of generic metoclopramide from
2002 to 2007, asserting a variety of tort claims under Louisiana law. Demahy
alleges that her use of metoclopramide manufactured by Actavis caused her to

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                                  No. 11-31073

develop tardive dyskinesia. On June 2, 2008, the Defendants-Appellees removed
the case to the Eastern District of Louisiana based on diversity of citizenship.
      On July 25, 2008, Demahy, Wyeth, and Schwarz jointly moved to dismiss
the claims against Wyeth and Schwarz without prejudice, and the district court
granted the motion on July 28, 2008. On July 29, 2008, Actavis filed a motion
to dismiss all of the claims against it under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure
12(b)(6), arguing that all of Demahy’s claims were preempted by federal law.
The district court denied the motion on October 28, 2008, and on interlocutory
appeal, this Court affirmed the district court’s decision on January 8, 2010.
Demahy v. Actavis, Inc., 

(5th Cir. 2010).
      On June 23, 2011, the Supreme Court reversed this Court’s decision,
holding that state laws that would require generic manufacturers to change a
drug’s label are preempted by federal law based on impossibility preemption,
which asks “whether the private party could independently do under federal law
what state law requires of it.” 

. Specifically, because
federal law requires generic drug labels to be the same as name-brand labels,
state laws requiring generic metoclopramide manufacturers to attach a safer
label to their product are preempted by the federal law. 

Thomas, writing for the majority, recognized that the Court’s decision dealt the
plaintiffs an “unfortunate hand,” because if they had taken Reglan, “their
lawsuits would not be pre-empted. But because pharmacists, acting in full
accord with state law, substituted generic metoclopramide instead, federal law
pre-empts these lawsuits.” 

Supreme Court remanded the case
to this Court, and this Court remanded the case to the district court with
instructions to enter judgment in favor of Actavis. On August 30, 2011, the
district court entered judgment in favor of Actavis and dismissed Demahy’s suit
with prejudice.



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      After the entry of judgment, Demahy filed two motions before the district
court. First, on September 28, 2011, Demahy filed a motion under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 60(b)(5), requesting that the district court grant her relief
from its July 28, 2008 order dismissing Wyeth and Schwarz.             Second, on
September 29, 2011, Demahy filed a motion under Federal Rule of Civil
Procedure 59(e), or alternatively Rule 52(b) or 60(b)(6), asking the district court
to amend its judgment of dismissal as to Actavis. On October 14, 2011, the
district court denied both of these motions in a single order, stating that the
mandate of this Court instructed dismissal of all of Demahy’s claims and entry
of judgment in favor of Actavis, and that it was bound by these instructions
pursuant to the “mandate rule.” Demahy v. Wyeth Inc., No. 08-3616, 

, at *1 (E.D. La. Oct. 14, 2011). This timely appeal followed.
                          STANDARD OF REVIEW
      This Court reviews an order denying a motion for relief under Federal
Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b) for an abuse of discretion. Frazar v. Ladd, 

, 435 (5th Cir. 2006). We also review a denial of a Rule 59(e) motion
to amend a judgment for an abuse of discretion. Rosenblatt v. United Way of
Greater Hous., 

, 419 (5th Cir. 2010). We review de novo whether
a district court accurately interpreted and applied the directives of an
appellate court’s mandate. United States v. Lee, 

, 320 (5th Cir.
2004).
                                   ANALYSIS
      In her appeal of the district court’s denial of her Rule 60(b)(5) motion to
reinstate her claims against Wyeth and Schwarz, Demahy argues that she
should be granted relief because the Mensing decision significantly altered case
law providing that name-brand manufacturers could not be held liable for
damages suffered from using a generic manufacturer’s products. With respect
to her Rule 59(e) motion, Demahy argues that the district court incorrectly

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                                        No. 11-31073

interpreted this Court’s mandate directing dismissal of Demahy’s claims against
Actavis, and thus erred in denying Demahy’s motion to amend the court’s
judgment of dismissal. We consider Demahy’s arguments in turn.
1.      Claims Against Wyeth and Schwarz (Name-Brand Defendants)1
        Because it was filed within the relevant time period, we consider Demahy’s
Rule 60(b)(5) motion as a motion to amend the judgment under Federal Rule of
Civil Procedure 59(e).2 Under Rule 59(e), amending a judgment is appropriate
(1) where there has been an intervening change in the controlling law; (2) where
the movant presents newly discovered evidence that was previously unavailable;
or (3) to correct a manifest error of law or fact. Schiller v. Physicians Res. Grp.
Inc., 

, 567 (5th Cir. 2003).3 A motion under Rule 59 cannot be used


       1
          It is notable that, although Demahy’s claims against Wyeth and Schwarz were
dismissed without prejudice, thus giving the district court jurisdiction over and power to
modify its order of dismissal until a final judgment was issued, see Stoffels v. SBC Commc’ns,
Inc., 

, 726–728 (5th Cir. 2012), this Court has jurisdiction over the claims because
we find that they were subject to the final judgment issued by the district court on August 30,
2011 following remand from this Court. Wyeth and Schwarz are not specifically mentioned
in the actual entry of judgment, but in circumstances in which a court order is ambiguous as
to what parties and claims are being disposed of, and where “the district court clearly
intend[ed] to effect a final dismissal of a claim, we will construe its order accordingly, despite
ambiguous language that might indicate otherwise.” Picco v. Global Marine Drilling Co., 

, 849 n.4 (5th Cir. 1990).
       2
         A motion asking the court to reconsider a prior ruling is evaluated either as a motion
to “alter or amend a judgment” under Rule 59(e) or as a motion for “relief from a final
judgment, order, or proceeding” under Rule 60(b). The rule under which the motion is
considered is based on when the motion was filed. Texas A&M Research Found. v. Magna
Transp., Inc., 

, 400 (5th Cir. 2003). If the motion was filed within twenty-eight
days after the entry of the judgment, the motion is treated as though it was filed under Rule
59, and if it was filed outside of that time, it is analyzed under Rule 60. 

motion was filed within the applicable twenty-eight day time frame, and we thus consider it
as a motion to amend the judgment under Rule 59(e).
        3
          Because the district court, in denying Demahy’s 60(b)(5) motion, relied on the
mandate from this Court, it would also be possible to review the district court’s dismissal
under the mandate rule, as discussed below with respect to the claims against Actavis. This
distinction is inconsequential, however, since the test for deciding whether a court may deviate
from a mandate is the same as the test for amending a judgment under Rule 59(e). See United
States v. Matthews, 

, 657 (5th Cir. 2002) (describing same three scenarios under

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                                       No. 11-31073

to raise arguments or claims “that could, and should, have been made before the
judgment issued.” Marseilles Homeowners Condo. Ass’n v. Fidelity Nat. Ins. Co.,

, 1058 (5th Cir. 2008).
       The only ground for amending the judgment under Rule 59(e) that
potentially applies in this case is an intervening change in the controlling law.
The Louisiana Products Liability Act (“LPLA”) provides that it is the exclusive
remedy for products liability suits, stating that “[a] claimant may not recover
from a manufacturer for damage caused by a product on the basis of any theory
of liability that is not set forth in this Chapter.” La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 9:2800.52.
Under the LPLA, recovery is not available against a manufacturer if the
manufacturer did not produce the offending product. Stahl v. Novartis Pharms.
Corp., 

, 260–61 (5th Cir. 2002) (stating that an element of an LPLA
claim is “that the defendant is a manufacturer of the product”). Thus, according
to pre-Mensing Louisiana caselaw, Demahy’s claims against Wyeth and Schwarz
fail because they did not manufacture the medication she actually consumed.
See also Washington v. Wyeth, Inc., No. 3:09-CV-01343, 

, at *2
(W.D. La. Feb. 8, 2010) (finding that similar claims fail under LPLA because
defendant did not manufacture products); Possa v. Eli Lilly & Co., No. 05-1307-
JJB-SCR, 

, at *1 (M.D. La. May 10, 2006) (same).4


which departure from mandate is permissible).
       4
         Demahy argues that the LPLA, which provides that a manufacturer is “a person or
entity who is in the business of manufacturing a product for placement into trade or
commerce,” La. Rev. Stat. Ann. § 9:2800.53, does not apply to her claims because Wyeth and
Schwarz are not “manufacturers,” given that they have no connection to the product she
actually consumed. This argument is unavailing. The vast majority of decisions have held
that the LPLA broadly applies to all suits involving injuries from products, and these decisions
rejected the argument that common law tort claims can still be brought for injuries stemming
from products under facts nearly identical to those in the current case. See Cooper v. Wyeth,
No. 09-CV-929, 

, at *2 (M.D. La. Oct. 26, 2010); Johnson v. TEVA Pharma.
USA, Inc., No. 2:10-CV-404, 

, at *1–3 (W.D. La. Aug. 16, 2010); Craig v.
Pfizer, No. 3:10-00227, 

, at *2–4 (W.D. La. May 26, 2010); Washington v.
Wyeth, Inc., No. 3:09-CV-01343, 

, at *2 (W.D. La. Feb. 8, 2010); Morris v.

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        In deciding whether an amendment to the judgment is warranted, we
must therefore determine whether the decision in Mensing altered Louisiana
tort law as it applies to the claims against Wyeth and Schwarz. Demahy argues
that Louisiana cases holding that her claims against name-brand manufacturers
cannot be brought have been overruled by the Supreme Court’s decision in
Mensing. According to Demahy, Mensing undermined the logic of the Fourth
Circuit’s decision in Foster v. American Home Products Corp., 

(4th
Cir. 1994), which she argues is a foundation of the Louisiana decisions ruling
that a party cannot be liable for damages resulting from use or consumption of
a product they did not manufacture. See, e.g., Stanley v. Wyeth, Inc., 

, 34 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2008) (favorably citing Foster and other cases).
       In Foster, the Fourth Circuit, construing Maryland law, rejected the
argument “that a name brand manufacturer’s statements regarding its drug can
serve as the basis for liability for injuries caused by another manufacturer’s

. The Foster court rejected claims nearly identical to those
brought in this suit, holding that the duty of care does not extend to third
parties. 

court also stated in dicta that plaintiffs could sue the
generic manufacturers who the court believed were “also permitted to add or
strengthen warnings and delete misleading statements on labels, even without


Wyeth, Inc., No. 09-0854, 

, at *2–5 (W.D. La. Nov. 23, 2009); Leblanc v.
Wyeth, Inc., No. Civ.A.04-0611, 

, at *3–6 (W.D. La. Oct. 5, 2006); Tarver v.
Wyeth, Inc., No. Civ.A.3-04-2036, 

, at *2–3 (W.D. La. Jan. 26, 2006).
        In one notable exception, a Louisiana Court of Appeals stated in a footnote that a
negligent misrepresentation claim brought against a non-manufacturing name brand is not
covered by the LPLA. Stanley v. Wyeth, Inc., 

, 33 n.2 (La. App. 1 Cir. 2008).
Nonetheless, the court rejected the claim under general tort law on the grounds that there is
no duty of care owed by name-brand manufacturers to consumers of generic products. 

we need not reach the issue, this case illustrates the fact that, under this
view, even if the LPLA did not apply, Demahy’s tort claims would fail since Wyeth and
Schwarz did not manufacture the generic product giving rise to Demahy’s claims, and thus
owed Demahy no duty of care. A number of federal district court decisions applying Louisiana
state law have held the same. See, e.g., Johnson, 

, at *1–3; Craig, 

, at *2–4; Tarver, 

, at *2–3.

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prior FDA approval.” 

Mensing, however, the Supreme Court held
that generic manufacturers could not alter the labeling on their own and that
failure-to-warn claims against generic manufacturers are preempted on
impossibility 

. According to Demahy, Foster’s
holding that plaintiffs cannot recover against name-brand manufacturers is no
longer valid because it was premised on the now-rejected notion that plaintiffs
could simply recover from generic manufacturers.
      We do not view Mensing as overruling Foster because the court in Foster
did not reach its holding by relying on the ability of a plaintiff to sue generic
manufacturers. Instead, the court’s holding was based on its interpretation of
Maryland law and the conclusion that a name-brand manufacturer has no duty
of care to consumers that are not using the manufacturer’s product. 

; see also Smith v. Wyeth, 

, 423–24 (6th Cir. 2011)
(following Foster’s conclusion that name-brand manufacturers have no duty to
generic-brand consumers). The Foster court’s opinion in dicta on the viability of
suits against generic manufacturers was proved wrong, but this fact does not
impose on name-brand manufacturers a duty of care to customers using generic
products.   Likewise, decisions that relied upon Foster to create a similar rule
in Louisiana remain valid.
      Moreover, even were we of the view that Mensing undermined Foster, the
implicit reversal of a Fourth Circuit decision about Maryland law would have no
effect on Louisiana law. See Morris, 

, at *1–3 (stating that
Foster’s continued validity has no effect on Louisiana law because “any finding
that Mensing upsets Foster would apply [only] to Maryland state law claims”).
This Court is bound by Louisiana law and we cannot create a new remedy.
Solomon v. Walgreen Co., 

, 1089 (5th Cir. 1992) (per curiam)
(stating that the court is bound to apply state law “as it currently exists[] and
may not change that law or adopt innovative theories of recovery”). Thus,

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                                   No. 11-31073

because the Supreme Court’s decision in Mensing had no effect on Louisiana
state law, the district court’s denial of Demahy’s motion to amend the judgment
under Rule 59(e) was not an abuse of discretion.
2.      Claims Against Actavis (Generic Defendant)
        Regarding the district court’s dismissal of her claims against Actavis and
its denial of her Rule 59(e) motion to alter or amend judgment on those claims,
Demahy argues that the district court failed to correctly interpret this Court’s
mandate directing dismissal of Demahy’s claims against Actavis. The law of the
case doctrine posits that ordinarily “an issue of fact or law decided on appeal
may not be reexamined either by the district court on remand or by the appellate
court on a subsequent appeal.” United States v. Matthews, 

, 657
(5th Cir. 2002) (quotation marks omitted). The “mandate rule” is a “specific
application of the general doctrine of law of the case.” 

a
lower court on remand must implement both the letter and the spirit of the
appellate court’s mandate and may not disregard the explicit directives of that
court.” 

see also LULAC v. City of Boerne, 

, 438 (5th Cir. 2012) (“It is well established that ‘an inferior court has
no power or authority to deviate from the mandate issued by an appellate
court.’” (quoting Briggs v. Penn. R.R., 

, 306 (1948))). The mandate
rule and the law of the case have the same exceptions: “(1) [t]he evidence at a
subsequent trial is substantially different; (2) there has been an intervening
change of law by a controlling authority; and (3) the earlier decision is clearly
erroneous and would work a manifest injustice.”           

these
circumstances, a court can revisit previously-decided matters, or a district court
can exceed a mandate on remand. See United States v. Lee, 

, 320
(5th Cir. 2004).
        Demahy argues that Actavis’s appeal of the district court’s denial of
Actavis’s July 29, 2008 motion to dismiss “was limited only to consideration of

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                                       No. 11-31073

failure to warn claims that required a manufacturer to provide a warning that
was different or in addition to the warnings appearing in the label for the brand-
name version of the drug.” Br. of Pl.-Appellant Julie Demahy at 16 (Feb. 6,
2012) [hereinafter Appellant Br.]. She therefore states that her other claims
“could not have been encompassed within this Court’s direction to the lower
court to enter judgment in favor of Actavis.” 

and quotation
marks omitted).5 Consequently, she argues that “the district court committed
reversible error when it dismissed all of plaintiff’s claims under its
interpretation of the mandate.” 

set out above in the factual history, Actavis’s July 29, 2008 motion to
dismiss sought “to dismiss all of Plaintiff’s claims asserted against it based on
federal conflict preemption principles.” Mot. to Dismiss of Def. Actavis Inc. at
1, Demahy v. Wyeth Inc., 

(E.D. La. Oct. 14, 2011) (No.
08-3616) (emphasis added). The district court granted Actavis’s motion as to
Demahy’s fraud-on-the-FDA claim, but denied it as to her failure-to-warn claims.
Demahy v. Wyeth Inc., 

, 662 (E.D. La. 2008). Therefore, it is
clear that the district court viewed Demahy as having asserted only two types
of claims. This Court affirmed the district court’s denial of Demahy’s motion to
dismiss the failure-to-warn claims, 

, but the Supreme
Court reversed, finding that state-law failure-to-warn claims against generic
drug manufacturers are preempted by federal law, 

.
This Court then vacated the district court’s order denying in part the motion to
dismiss, and it remanded for the entry of judgment in favor of Actavis. Demahy
v. Actavis, Inc., 

, 1046 (5th Cir. 2011). Accordingly, the district


       5
         According to Demahy, those “other claims” are “(1) failure to warn claims that did not
require the manufacturer to add to or differ its warnings from those appearing in the label of
its brand-name counterpart; (2) claims arising under the LPLA for manufacturing defect,
design defect, and breach of express warranties; (3) claims under the [Louisiana Unfair Trade
Practices Act]; and (4) other claims arising from traditional tort concepts[.]” 

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court granted “judgment in favor of Defendant, Actavis, Inc. and against
Plaintiff, Julie Demahy, dismissing the Plaintiff’s suit with prejudice[.]”
Demahy v. Wyeth, Inc., No. 08-3616, 

, at *1 (E.D. La. Aug. 30,
2011).
      Demahy argues that the mandate addressed only her failure-to-warn
claims, and states that “[n]o court has considered the arguments raised in
Plaintiff’s Rule 59 Motion[.]” Appellant Br. at 25 (emphasis omitted). While it
is true that the mandate addressed only her failure-to-warn claims, that is
simply because, at the time this Court issued the mandate, Demahy’s only
remaining claims had been characterized by the district court, this Court, and
the Supreme Court as failure-to-warn claims. The mandate plainly vacated the
district court’s order allowing Demahy’s failure-to-warn claims to go forward,
and directed the district court to grant judgment in favor of Actavis. Once the
district court had complied, and entered judgment in favor of Actavis on those
claims, Demahy had no claims remaining because the district court had
previously granted Actavis’s motion to dismiss her fraud-on-the-FDA claims.
With no claims remaining other than her failure-to-warn claims, the district
court could not grant Demahy’s motion to alter or amend its judgment without
being in derogation of the mandate rule. Thus, because it accurately interpreted
and applied the mandate, we find that the district court was correct in both
dismissing Demahy’s claims against Actavis and denying her Rule 59(e) motion.
      Since we hold that the mandate was not in error and the district court
correctly followed the mandate, we need not reach the merits of Demahy’s
allegedly non-failure-to-warn claims. Nonetheless, even if we were to find that
these claims survived the mandate, or if we were to accept Demahy’s assertion
that the mandate was “erroneous,” Mem. of Law in Supp. of Pl.’s Mot. to Amend
and/or Alter J. at 1, Demahy v. Wyeth Inc., 

(E.D. La. Oct. 14,



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                                       No. 11-31073

2011) (No. 08-3616),6 we would still affirm the district court insofar as the claims
are, at base, failure-to-warn claims, which would be preempted in light of
Mensing. Based on Demahy’s complaint, the only claims that are arguably not
failure-to-warn claims are those for breach of express warranty, R. at 524, and
for design defect, R. at 526. Since her express warranty claim names only
Wyeth, the only possible non-failure-to-warn claim Demahy has stated against
Actavis is for design defect. Post-Mensing, however, a seeming majority of
federal district courts to consider other state-law tort claims have found them
to be preempted based on the fact that the plaintiffs’ claims are failure-to-warn
claims under different names.7 In addition, other courts have specifically held
plaintiffs’ design defect claims against generic metoclopramide manufacturers
to be preempted based on Mensing.8 The result is that, with few exceptions, see,
e.g., Cooper v. Wyeth, Inc., No. 09-929-JJB, 

, at *1 (M.D. La.
Mar. 6, 2012), courts have held that state-law tort claims against generic drug


       6
         We may “recall or reform” a previous mandate “to prevent injustice.” Nat’l Sur. Corp.
v. Charles Carter & Co., 

, 741 (5th Cir. 1980); see also 5th Cir. R. 41.2, (“Once
issued a mandate will not be recalled except to prevent injustice.”). If the Court finds that
Demahy has viable claims that survive Mensing, and that it would work injustice to prevent
those claims from being heard, it could reform the previously-issued mandate to direct the
district court to hear those claims.
       7
        See, e.g., Strayhorn v. Wyeth Pharm., Inc., 

, at *14 (W.D. Tenn. Aug.
8, 2012); Metz v. Wyeth LLC, No. 8:10-CV-2658-T-27AEP, 

, at *2–7 (M.D.
Fla. Mar. 28, 2012); Moretti v. PLIVA, Inc., No. 2:08-CV-00396-JCM, 

, at *5–6
(D. Nev. Feb. 27, 2012); Morris v. Wyeth, Inc., No. 09-0854, 

, at *5 (W.D. La.
Feb. 23, 2012); Bartoli v. APP Pharms., Inc. (In re Pamidronate Prods. Liab. Litig.), 842 F.
Supp. 2d 479, 485 (E.D.N.Y. 2012); Gross v. Pfizer, Inc., 

, 658 (D. Md.
2012); Del Valle v. PLIVA, Inc., No. B:11-113, 

, at *5 (S.D. Tex. Dec. 21,
2011); Fullington v. PLIVA, Inc., No. 4:10-CV-00236-JLH, 

, at *5 (E.D. Ark.
Dec. 12, 2011).
       8
        See, e.g., Aucoin v. Amneal Pharma., LLC, No. 11–1275, 

, at *9 (E.D.
La. July 20, 2012); Johnson v. Teva Pharm. USA, Inc., No. 2:10-CV-404, 

,
at *4 (W.D. La. May 21, 2012); Eckhardt v. Qualitest Pharm. Inc., No. M-11-235, 

, at *7 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 30, 2012); Stevens v. Pliva, Inc., No. 6:10-0886, 

, at *2 (W.D. La. Nov. 15, 2011).

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                                No. 11-31073

manufacturers, including design defect claims, are preempted after Mensing.
Thus, although unnecessary for the disposition of this case, we are persuaded
that Demahy’s design defect claim would be preempted.
                              CONCLUSION
     For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s denial of
Demahy’s motion to set aside judgment as to Actavis and her motion for relief
from judgment as to Wyeth and Schwarz.
     AFFIRMED.




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