Filed: Jul. 02, 2012
Latest Update: Jul. 02, 2012
Summary: THOMPSON, Justice. We granted a writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals in Glass v. Gates, 311 Ga.App. 563 , 716 S.E.2d 611 (2011), and posed this question: Whether the definition of "any motor vehicle" in OCGA 33-24-51(a) continues to be the broader definition of the term provided for in prior case law, 1 notwithstanding the 2002 passage of OCGA 36-92-1. We answer in the affirmative. Having been assigned to road detail, Jonathan Glass and Tony Smith, inmates at the Troup Count
Summary: THOMPSON, Justice. We granted a writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals in Glass v. Gates, 311 Ga.App. 563 , 716 S.E.2d 611 (2011), and posed this question: Whether the definition of "any motor vehicle" in OCGA 33-24-51(a) continues to be the broader definition of the term provided for in prior case law, 1 notwithstanding the 2002 passage of OCGA 36-92-1. We answer in the affirmative. Having been assigned to road detail, Jonathan Glass and Tony Smith, inmates at the Troup County..
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THOMPSON, Justice.
We granted a writ of certiorari to the Court of Appeals in Glass v. Gates, 311 Ga.App. 563, 716 S.E.2d 611 (2011), and posed this question: Whether the definition of "any motor vehicle" in OCGA § 33-24-51(a) continues to be the broader definition of the term provided for in prior case law,1 notwithstanding the 2002 passage of OCGA § 36-92-1. We answer in the affirmative.
Having been assigned to road detail, Jonathan Glass and Tony Smith, inmates at the Troup County Correctional Institution, were operating tractors with attached bush hogs when Smith's tractor got stuck in a ditch. Donrell Gates, Glass' detail supervisor, instructed the men to attach a chain to the tractors so Glass could use his tractor to pull Smith's tractor from the ditch. As Glass did so, Smith engaged his tractor's bush hog, causing a rock to take flight and pierce Glass' throat. Glass bled profusely and died later that day.
Plaintiffs, Glass' minor son and the executor of his estate, brought this wrongful death and survivor action against Troup County and Gates. The county sought summary judgment, claiming plaintiffs' claims were barred by sovereign immunity.2 Plaintiffs argued the county waived sovereign immunity under OCGA § 33-24-51(a)3 and (b)4 by purchasing two liability insurance policies, a general liability policy and an automobile liability policy, both of which were in place at the time of Glass' death and provided coverage of up to $1,000,000. The county asserted that by revising OCGA § 33-24-51(b) in 2002, effective January 1, 2005, the legislature demonstrated its intent to apply the more narrow definition of "motor vehicle" found in OCGA § 36-92-1(6)5 in determining whether a local government waived sovereign immunity by purchasing liability insurance on a motor vehicle. The trial court agreed and granted summary judgment in favor of the county, concluding that the county did not waive sovereign immunity because neither a tractor nor a bush hog can be deemed a "motor vehicle" under OCGA § 36-92-1. In a well-reasoned opinion, the Court of Appeals reversed, holding that the previously used, broader definition of "motor vehicle" should be applied under OCGA § 33-24-51 and that, therefore, the county waived sovereign immunity as long as it purchased insurance policies providing coverage for the tractor and bush hog used by Smith.6 We agree with the reasoning of the Court of Appeals and affirm its judgment.
An examination of OCGA § 36-92-1 et seq., as well as the earlier and revised versions of OCGA § 33-24-51(a) and (b), demonstrates an intent on the part of the legislature to create a two-tier scheme within which local governments are deemed to have waived sovereign immunity with regard to accidents arising from the operation of their motor vehicles. The first tier, established under OCGA § 36-92-1 et seq., requires local entities to waive sovereign immunity — up to certain prescribed limits — for incidents involving motor vehicles regardless of whether they procure automobile liability insurance.7 The second tier, enacted by OCGA § 33-24-51(b), and as revised in 2002, provides for the waiver of sovereign immunity to the extent a local entity purchases liability insurance in an amount exceeding the limits prescribed in OCGA § 36-92-2. It follows that, where, as here, a local entity purchases automobile liability insurance in an amount greater than the prescribed limits set forth for a waiver of sovereign immunity under OCGA § 36-92-1 et seq., the entity waives sovereign immunity to the extent of its insurance coverage as required by OCGA § 33-24-51(b) — and the broad definition of "any motor vehicle" set forth in OCGA § 33-24-51 applies. That is because, as the Court of Appeals observed,8 in enacting OCGA § 36-92-1 et seq., the legislature expressly defined terms, including the definition of "motor vehicle," which were to be "used in this chapter"9 and specified that "[t]his chapter shall not be construed to affect any claim or cause of action otherwise permitted by law and for which the defense of sovereign immunity is not available."10 If the legislature intended to do otherwise, i.e., to apply a narrow definition of "motor vehicle" to situations in which local governments purchased automobile liability insurance coverage for amounts over and above the prescribed sovereign immunity limits, "it would have done so explicitly." Georgia Dept. of Revenue v. Owens Corning, 283 Ga. 489, 490, 660 S.E.2d 719 (2008).
Judgment affirmed.
All the Justices concur.