March 29, 1995
[NOT FOR PUBLICATION]
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT
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No. 94-1908
WILLIAM C. DUFFY,
Plaintiff, Appellant,
v.
AT&T NETWORK SYSTEMS, INC.,
Defendant, Appellee.
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APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
[Hon. Edward F. Harrington, U.S. District Judge] ___________________
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Before
Torruella, Chief Judge, ___________
Selya and Cyr, Circuit Judges. ______________
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William C. Duffy on brief pro se. ________________
Lynn Toney Collins, Thomas E. Shirley and Choate, Hall & Stewart, __________________ _________________ ______________________
on brief for appellee.
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Per Curiam. Plaintiff-appellant William C. Duffy __________
at one time was employed as an engineer by defendant AT&T
Network Systems, Inc. ("AT&T"). Almost six years after he
was allegedly pressured by AT&T personnel to resign from his
employment, he brought this pro se diversity action alleging ___ __
various tort and contract claims arising from his employment
and resignation. At the close of discovery, the district
court granted AT&T's motion for summary judgment on all
claims.
On appeal Duffy challenges the judgment only with
respect to the claims in counts one and three of the
complaint. Applying a plenary standard of review, as we must
on appeal from a summary judgment, we perceive no genuine
issue as to any material fact, and agree with the district
court that AT&T is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.
See Griggs-Ryan v. Smith, 904 F.2d 112, 115 (1st Cir. 1990) ___ ___________ _____
(standard of review); see also Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). ________
In count one, Duffy pleaded a claim for breach of
an employment contract based on AT&T's personnel manuals. He
conceded in his deposition, however, that AT&T had retained
the unilateral right to modify each of the manuals given to
him during the course of his employment, did not negotiate
with him concerning the terms of the manuals, did not ask for
his assent to the terms, and that the manuals did not specify
any term of employment. We agree with the district court
that these concessions fatally undermine Duffy's theory that
the manuals embodied an enforceable contract between the
parties. See Pearson v. John Hancock Mut. Life Ins. Co., 979 ___ _______ _______________________________
F.2d 254, 256 (1st Cir. 1992), (citing Jackson v. Action for _______ __________
Boston Community Dev., Inc., 525 N.E.2d 411 (Mass. 1988)). ____________________________
Although Duffy argues that his contract claim was not limited
to the personnel manuals, because he had pleaded "an
employment contract . . . which included . . . the terms of
the AT&T personnel manual," he offered the district court no
facts from which a reasonable trier might infer the elements
essential to formation of a contract under any theory.
As did the district court, we decline to entertain
Duffy's argument that count one should be construed to
include a claim for breach of an alleged contract to provide
unemployment benefits. This argument was offered for the __
first time at the summary judgment hearing. The district
court did not abuse its discretion in rejecting it as an
untimely attempt to amend the pleadings. Arguments not fully
developed in the lower court are deemed waived on appeal.
Ryan v. Royal Ins. Co., 916 F.2d 731, 734 (1st Cir. 1990). ____ ______________
Lastly, we see no error in the dismissal of count
three of the complaint, which attempted to assert a civil
claim for violation of the state's personnel records statute,
Mass. Gen. L. ch. 149, 52C. The statute does not expressly
provide a civil remedy for the specific violation alleged --
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denial of access to personnel records -- and Duffy offered no
reasoned support below for judicial creation of the suggested
remedy. He now attempts to expand count three to include
other alleged wrongdoing of an uncertain nature which he
construes as coming within the statute's express civil remedy
provision. Again, however, as this argument was not fully
developed below, it is deemed waived on appeal. Id. ___
Affirmed. ________
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