Filed: Sep. 01, 2015
Latest Update: Mar. 02, 2020
Summary: 14-2678-cr United States v. Gonzalez UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY O
Summary: 14-2678-cr United States v. Gonzalez UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT SUMMARY ORDER RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY OR..
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14‐2678‐cr
United States v. Gonzalez
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT
SUMMARY ORDER
RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL
EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER
JANUARY 1, 2007 IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE
OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE
32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED
WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL
APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION
“SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING TO A SUMMARY ORDER MUST
SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.
1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second
2 Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley
3 Square, in the City of New York, on the 1st day of September, two thousand
4 fifteen.
5
6 PRESENT: PIERRE N. LEVAL,
7 RAYMOND J. LOHIER, JR.,
8 CHRISTOPHER F. DRONEY,
9 Circuit Judges.
10 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
11 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
12
13 Appellee,
14
15 v. No. 14‐2678‐cr
16
17 JULIO CESAR GONZALEZ,
18
19 Defendant‐Appellant.*
20 ‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐‐
21
22 FOR APPELLANT: James M. Roth, Stampur & Roth, New York, NY.
The Clerk of the Court is directed to amend the caption of this case as set forth
*
above.
1
2 FOR APPELLEE: Andrea Surratt, Margaret Garnett, Assistant
3 United States Attorneys, for Preet Bharara, United
4 States Attorney for the Southern District of New
5 York, New York, NY.
6
7 Appeal from a judgment of the United States District Court for the
8 Southern District of New York (Victor Marrero, Judge).
9 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED,
10 AND DECREED that the judgment of the District Court is AFFIRMED.
11 Defendant‐appellant Julio Cesar Gonzalez appeals from a judgment of
12 conviction entered on June 30, 2014, following a jury trial. Gonzalez was
13 convicted of one count of conspiracy to distribute and possess with intent to
14 distribute cocaine and one count of distribution of and possession with intent to
15 distribute cocaine. On appeal, he argues principally that there was insufficient
16 evidence to support a finding that he knowingly participated in the conspiracy,
17 and that the District Court abused its discretion by limiting cross‐examination
18 and instructing the jury that a portion of defense counsel’s summation was
19 inaccurate. Following this Court’s request for supplemental briefing regarding
20 the District Court’s instructions on the manner in which the jury may consider
21 closing arguments, Gonzalez argued principally that those instructions
22 constituted plain error. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and
23 record of the prior proceedings, to which we refer only as necessary to explain
24 our decision to affirm.
25 At trial, Gonzalez’s co‐defendant, Jose Benedy Escano Jimenez, testified
26 that he repeatedly delivered cocaine to Gonzalez, who then re‐sold the cocaine to
27 his own customers. Escano further testified that Gonzalez initiated the
28 transactions. Ramon Feliz, a cooperating witness, testified that in mid‐October
2
1 2012 Gonzalez brokered an agreement to sell a kilogram of cocaine, which Feliz
2 agreed to purchase for his customer. Having reviewed that and other testimony
3 of Feliz and Escano, which we assume the jury credited, we conclude that there
4 was sufficient evidence from which a reasonable juror could have found that
5 Gonzalez knew of the existence of the cocaine distribution scheme and
6 knowingly joined and participated in it. See United States v. Anderson, 747 F.3d
7 51, 60 (2d Cir. 2014).
8 We also reject Gonzalez’s arguments regarding the District Court’s
9 limitations on cross‐examination and curative instruction. In particular,
10 Gonzalez argues that the District Court erred by arbitrarily limiting the length of
11 defense counsel’s cross‐examinations, and that the error was not harmless.
12 Assuming that harmless‐error rather than plain‐error analysis applies, we
13 conclude that the error was harmless. See United States v. Treacy, 639 F.3d 32, 45
14 (2d Cir. 2011). Defense counsel was able to question Feliz and Escano
15 extensively on matters related to their credibility, and nothing in the record
16 suggests that counsel was precluded from exploring avenues of inquiry that
17 might have affected the jury’s deliberations. As for the curative instruction,
18 given the lack of evidentiary support for defense counsel’s statement during
19 summation that Feliz “knows he’s never going to face another day in jail,” the
20 District Court did not err in instructing the jury that Feliz had not yet been
21 sentenced and that defense counsel’s statement was therefore inaccurate.
22 Finally, we conclude that although the District Court committed serious
23 error by twice instructing the jury not to consider counsels’ summations,1 the
1
The two erroneous instructions are as follows. First, as part of its admonition
concerning defense counsel’s summation, the District Court instructed the jury,
“Anything that you hear from the attorneys or anything that you may hear from
3
1 instructions did not constitute plain error. Under the circumstances of this case,
2 where the District Court correctly instructed the jury five times about the proper
3 consideration to give summations, the erroneous instructions, “when taken in
4 context, did not eviscerate the rest of the instruction.” United States v. McGinn,
5 787 F.3d 116, 127 (2d Cir. 2015). Nor did the District Court commit a structural
6 error that “categorically vitiate[s] . . . the jury’s findings” or “implicate[s] the
7 overall fundamental fairness of” Gonzalez’s case. United States v. Moran‐Toala,
8 726 F.3d 334, 344 (2d Cir. 2013) (quotation marks omitted). In arriving at this
9 conclusion we do not mean to minimize the seriousness of the District Court’s
10 misstatement of the law. Far from being unworthy of consideration, a party’s
11 summation functions “to explain to the jury how that party views the evidence
12 the jury has seen and heard and to suggest to that body what significance or
13 inference it should attach to or draw from the evidence under the relevant law
14 charged by the trial court.” United States v. Arboleda, 20 F.3d 58, 61 (2d Cir.
15 1994). Furthermore, although we hold that the District Court’s errors were
16 neither plain nor structural, we emphasize that district courts should exercise
17 great care in formulating individual corrective jury instructions. Cf. Brown v.
18 Greene, 577 F.3d 107, 113 (2d Cir. 2009). When a district court gives such an
19 individual curative instruction, it would also be helpful to remind the jury to
the outside should not be given any consideration by you.” Second, during
deliberations, in connection with giving a curative instruction that counsel had
agreed upon, the District Court instructed, “As I reminded you on numerous
occasions, what attorneys say during closing arguments is not evidence and
should not be considered by you in determining the facts of this case nor are any
statements made by attorneys about the applicable law to be considered by you
in this connection.”
4
1 consider the individual instruction together with all of the other instructions
2 given by the court.
3 We have considered Gonzalez’s remaining arguments and conclude that
4 they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the District
5 Court is AFFIRMED.
6 FOR THE COURT:
7 Catherine O’Hagan Wolfe, Clerk of Court
5