Opinions of the United
2005 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


4-18-2005

Awaadeh v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 04-1973




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                                              NOT PRECEDENTIAL

      UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
           FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
                ____________

                     No. 04-1973
                    ____________


     SAMIH THULER ABU AWAADEH,

                       Petitioner

                        v.

   *ALBERTO GONZALES, Attorney General
         of The United States,

                       Respondent


*(Amended pursuant to Rule 43(c), Fed. R. App. Pro.)

               ____________________

 ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF ORDER OF THE
     BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS
              (No. A79-164-246)
            ___________________

          Submitted pursuant to LAR 34.1(a)
                   March 31, 2005

 Before: ALITO, SMITH, and FISHER, Circuit Judges

             (Filed: April 18, 2005)

                ____________________

             OPINION OF THE COURT
              ____________________
PER CURIAM:

       Samih Thuler Abu Awaadeh (“Awaadeh”), a native and citizen of Brazil and a

practicing Muslim, seeks review of a decision by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“the

BIA”). The BIA affirmed the Immigration Judge’s denial of Awaadeh’s applications for

asylum, withholding of removal under the Immigration and Nationality Act (“INA”), and

protection under the Convention Against Torture (“the Torture Convention”). As we

write for the parties only, we do not set out the facts. We conclude that the BIA’s

decision was supported by substantial evidence, and we deny Awaadeh’s petition.

                                             I.

       Because Awaadeh does not raise any argument in his brief regarding the BIA’s

denial of protection under the Torture Convention beyond the conclusory statement that

the BIA erred in denying protection, he has not preserved the issue for review. Lie v.

Ashcroft, 

, 532, n.1 (3d Cir. 2005).

                                             II.

      This Court will affirm the BIA’s decision that Awaadeh was not eligible for asylum

if there is substantial evidence to support it. INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 

, 481

(1992). The administrative findings of fact supporting a final order of removal cannot be

reversed unless the administrative record is such that “a reasonable adjudicator would be

compelled to conclude to the contrary.” 8 U.S.C. §1252(b)(4)(A)-(B).

       An applicant for asylum bears the burden of establishing that he has suffered past

                                            -2-
persecution or has a well-founded fear of future persecution. See 8 C.F.R. § 1208.13(a)-

(b); Abdille v. Ashcroft, 

, 482 (3d Cir. 2001). If an applicant cannot meet

the standard for asylum, this Court may assume that the applicant cannot meet the higher

standard for withholding removal. Lukwago v. Ashcroft, 

, 182 (3d Cir.

2003).

                                            III.

         To qualify for withholding of removal, an alien must show that if he returned to his

country, it is more likely than not that his life or freedom would be threatened on account

of race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group, or political opinion.

Senathirajah v. INS, 

, 215 (3d Cir. 1998). If an alien is able to establish

past persecution, then it is presumed that his life or freedom would be threatened were he

to return to his country. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(b)(1)(i) (2004). “In order to establish

eligibility for asylum on the basis of past persecution, an applicant must show (1) an

incident, or incidents, that rise to the level of persecution; (2) that is on account of one of

the statutorily-protected grounds; and (3) is committed by the government or forces the

government is either unable or unwilling to control.” Adulrahman v. Ashcroft, 

, 592 (3d Cir. 2001) (quotations and citations omitted).

         “‘[P]ersecution’ is an extreme concept that does not include every sort of treatment

our society regards as offensive.” Fatin v. INS, 

, 1243 (3d Cir. 1993);

accord Fisher v. INS, 

, 961 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc) (“Persecution is an



                                              -3-
extreme concept, which ordinarily does not include ‘[d]iscrimination on the basis of race

or religion, as morally reprehensible as it may be.’” (alteration in original) (citation

omitted)); see also Nelson v. INS, 

, 263 (1st Cir. 2000) (“To qualify as

persecution, a person’s experience must rise above unpleasantness, harassment, and even

basic suffering.”).

       Awaadeh alleges that he suffered three incidents of street violence in his years in

Brazil — one involving non-Brazilian skinheads, one involving persons gathered outside

a church he was passing by, and one involving the friends of a loan shark seeking

repayment. The BIA’s conclusion that these attacks did not rise to the level of

persecution is supported by substantial evidence. Victims of discrimination and random

violence of the sort Awaadeh alleges are not victims of persecution as legally defined. In

particular, the alleged attack by the loan shark and his friends does not constitute

persecution because it was not on account of a protected ground. On Awaadeh’s own

telling, the loan shark was attempting to obtain Awaadeh’s money, not seeking to harm

Awaadeh on account of his race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social

group, or political opinion.

       Moreover, it is against the law in Brazil for individuals or groups to engage in

persecution, and, according to the State Department, the Brazilian government enforces




                                              -4-
the law. A.R. 310.1 Because the evidence indicates that the Brazilian government

attempts to combat such acts, and because Awaadeh never gave the Brazilian government

the opportunity to do so, he cannot show that the Brazilian government is unable or

unwilling to protect him. 

.

       Finally, Awaadeh admits that beyond the incidents he describes involving

discrimination against himself, his father, and his brother, he has no personal knowledge

of Muslims in Brazil being discriminated against based on their religion, much less

persecuted for it as that latter term is defined. The news articles he submitted do not

describe any instances of persecution either. Thus, there is insufficient evidence to

support, much less compel, the conclusion that there is a pattern or practice of persecuting

persons similarly situated to Awaadeh, and Awaadeh cannot be relieved of the duty to

demonstrate that he has been or would be individually targeted for persecution. 8 C.F.R.

§ 1208.13(b)(2)(i)(A)-(B); Abdille v. Ashcroft, 

, 483-84 (3d Cir. 2001).

                                            IV.

       As Awaadeh failed to establish his eligibility for asylum, he necessarily failed to

meet the higher standard of eligibility for withholding of removal. See 

.




1
       The abbreviation “A.R.” refers to the Certified Administrative Record on file with
       the Court.

                                             -5-
                                   V.

For the reasons given above, we deny Awaadeh’s petition.