Opinions of the United
2008 Decisions                                                                                                             States Court of Appeals
                                                                                                                              for the Third Circuit


2-15-2008

Sambuaga v. Atty Gen USA
Precedential or Non-Precedential: Non-Precedential

Docket No. 06-4283




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NOT PRECEDENTIAL

                        UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
                             FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

                                  Case No: 06-4283

                        CHRISTOPPEL EDUARD SAMBUAGA,

                                                 Petitioner

                                           v.

                ATTORNEY GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES,

                                                 Respondent


            On Petition for Review from the Board of Immigration Appeals,
                                BIA No. A96-204-529
                Immigration Judge: The Honorable Charles Honeyman


                  Submitted Pursuant to Third Circuit L.A.R. 34.1(a)
                                 February 14, 2008

                   Before: SLOVITER, and SMITH, Circuit Judges,
                             DIAMOND, District Judge *

                              (Filed: February 15, 2008)




                                      OPINION


SMITH, Circuit Judge:



   *
   The Honorable Gustave Diamond, Senior District Judge for the United States District
Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, sitting by designation.
       Petitioner Christoppel Eduard Sambuaga (“Sambuaga”), an Indonesian national,

seeks review of an order issued by the Board of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”) on August

30, 2006, which adopted and affirmed the decision of the Immigration Judge (“IJ”)

denying Sambuaga’s applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection

under the Convention Against Torture (“CAT”).1 Sambuaga was admitted to the United

States in July of 1994 as a nonimmigrant student in order to attend the International

Theological Seminary, and his wife and three children joined him three months later.

After two years, Sambuaga discontinued his studies at the Seminary, but nevertheless

remained in the United States. On May 5, 2003, Sambuaga was charged with

removability under 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(1)(C)(i) for failing to comply with the conditions

required while holding nonimmigrant status. On October 22, 2003 he submitted a

defensive application for relief in the form of asylum, withholding of removal, and

protection under the CAT on the basis of his Christian religion. In his application,

Sambuaga asserted that he feared future persecution from Muslims in Indonesia because

of his religious practices.

       On April 18, 2005, following a hearing on the merits of Sambuaga’s asylum

application, the IJ issued a thorough and well-reasoned opinion denying Sambuaga’s

applications for asylum, withholding, and protection under CAT. The IJ found Sambuaga



   1
      The IJ had jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 208.2(b). The BIA had appellate
jurisdiction pursuant to 8 C.F.R. § 3.1(b). This Court has jurisdiction to review the BIA’s
order pursuant to 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b).

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credible, but because the Petitioner filed his asylum application well-after the asylum

filing deadline of one year,2 the IJ determined that Sambuaga’s application was

pretermitted. The IJ determined that Sambuaga was not eligible for withholding of

removal because he had failed to prove, other than through his testimony, that he would

endure persecution because of his faith. Furthermore, the IJ found that Sambuaga had

failed to demonstrate that he warranted protection under the CAT because he provided no

evidence that he would be detained or tortured by the Indonesian government or with the

agreement or encouragement of the Indonesian government. On August 30, 2006 the

BIA dismissed Sambuaga’s appeal and this timely petition for review followed.

       As a preliminary matter, we lack jurisdiction to review the denial of Sambuaga’s

asylum application. Having been filed beyond the one-year deadline, it was untimely.

See Sukwanputra v. Gonzales, 

, 634 (3d Cir. 2006).

       An application for withholding of removal precludes the removal of an alien “if

the Attorney General decides that the alien’s life or freedom would be threatened in that

country because of the alien’s . . . religion.” 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(A). To obtain relief

under this provision, an alien must establish by a “clear probability” that his life or

freedom would be threatened in the proposed country of deportation. I.N.S. v. Stevic, 

, 413 (1984). This “requires that an application [for withholding of deportation]

   2
     An alien may apply for asylum if he or she “demonstrates by clear and convincing
evidence that the application has been filed within 1 year after the date of the alien’s
arrival in the United States.” 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B).


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be supported by evidence establishing that it is more likely than not that the alien would

be subject to persecution on one of the specified grounds.” 

In Fatin v. I.N.S.,

(3d Cir. 1993), we acknowledged that the BIA had interpreted the term

“persecution” “to include threats to life, confinement, torture, and economic restrictions

so severe that they constitute a threat to life or freedom.” 

(citing Matter of

Acosta, 19 I. & N. Dec. 211, 229 (BIA 1985)). We also noted that the “BIA suggested

that ‘[g]enerally harsh conditions shared by many other persons’ do not amount to

persecution.” 

that the BIA’s “concept of persecution does not

encompass all treatment that our society regards as unfair, unjust, or even unlawful or

unconstitutional” and found the BIA’s interpretation was permissible. 

has demonstrated a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of his

religion “is a factual determination reviewed under the substantial evidence standard.”

Gao v. Ashcroft, 

, 272 (3d Cir. 2002).

       The IJ issued a lengthy and thorough opinion where his findings that Sambuaga

had not demonstrated a reasonable fear of future persecution were supported by

substantial evidence. We decline to find Sambuaga eligible for withholding or protection

under the CAT in light of our holding in Lie v. Ashcroft, 

, 537 (3d Cir. 2005)

(finding that there is insufficient evidence to establish that there is “an individualized risk

of persecution . . .[of] Chinese Christians in Indonesia.”).

       For the reasons stated above, we will deny Sambuaga’s petition for review.


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