WILLIAM ALSUP, District Judge.
1. This case shall go to a
2. Rulings on the motions in limine are summarized later in this order.
3. Except for good cause, each party is limited to the witnesses and exhibits disclosed in the pretrial filings less any excluded or limited by an order in limine. Materials or witnesses used solely for impeachment need not be disclosed and may be used, subject to the rules of evidence.
4. The stipulations set forth in the parties' joint pretrial stipulation are approved and binding on all parties.
A jury of
Government Exhibits 1 (map) and 27 (photo of house) shall be allowed in evidence, provided that the proper foundation is laid. Any other late disclosed discovery will be considered on an item-by-item basis.
The government shall be allowed to illicit from witnesses that defendant (1) was on parole at the time of the incidents in question and (2) had previous contacts with the police. The government shall not, however, illicit the details surrounding these facts, such as what caused defendant to be on parole or the details of his previous contacts with police. The government may only establish that these two facts existed at the time of the incidents in question.
For now, government Exhibits 18 and 36-39 shall not be allowed into evidence. These consist of the stencil of defendant's "Norte" tattoo, a letter found in the bedroom at issue with the word "Norte" on it, and photos of these items, including a photo of defendant's actual tattoo. These items are more prejudicial than they are probative of relevant evidence, as many jurors will understand that the term "Norte" is a gang-related term. Depending on how the trial proceeds, police witnesses may be allowed to testify about finding the stencil or "Norte" letter in the bedroom at issue. For the time being, however, these exhibits will not be allowed into evidence, and the government shall not mention anything gang-related without prior approval from the judge. Moreover, testifying police officers shall not state that their titles relate to "gang task force" or "violent fugitive task force" or similar titles. They can simply state that they are San Francisco police officers, their duties in that role, and how long they have been in law enforcement.
Defendant challenged the third and fourth issues Warren's expert summary addressed concerning touch DNA on firearms and whether it is "common" to match a touch DNA sample from a firearm. By
These experts, Sergeant Lyn O'Connor and Officer Patrice Scanlan, shall only be allowed to testify as to what was in the timely disclosed fingerprint report. They shall not be allowed to testify to the opinions in their expert summary, that it is rare to find latent fingerprints on firearms, because that expert summary was disclosed too late. If the defense opens the door to this testimony during the trial, however, the experts may be allowed to testify during the government's rebuttal regarding the frequency of finding latent fingerprints on guns.
Both sides agreed that the indictment will not be presented to the jury.
As the parties agreed at the hearing, before the government releases witnesses from their subpoenas, the defense shall have an opportunity to explain to the judge why the witness should not be released. This rule will apply to both sides.
Witnesses who have yet to testify will be excluded from the courtroom until their testimony, except for the government's designated case agent and defendant. This rule applies to both sides.
These disclosure requirements are self-executing. The Court takes the government at its word that it has complied with its disclosure obligations.
The government did not have specific items of extrinsic evidence in mind, other than possible citizen complaints against police officers. As stated at the hearing, this will be determined on an item-by-item basis at trial.
As stated at the hearing, this will be determined on an item-by-item basis at trial.
Defense counsel stated that they will not make speaking objections during trial.
This motion is similar to the defense's second motion in limine. The government may put on evidence that defendant was on parole at the time of the alleged incidents and had prior contacts with police witnesses. The government may not, however, illicit any details regarding why defendant was on parole or the details surrounding his prior contacts with police.
As stated at the hearing, this motion will be held in abeyance, and determined based on how the trial develops. For now, defendant's statements from the jail call will not be allowed into evidence.
This motion will also be held in abeyance, and will be determined based on what defendant says during his direct examination.
The defense may not reference punishment. The defense may, however, tell the jurors that their decision in this matter will be important to defendant.
As defense counsel stated that they do not intend to present any affirmative defenses, this motion is moot.
As stated at the hearing, defense counsel understand that the legal validity of the searches and seizures is not an issue for the jury in our case and they will not dispute the legality of them during trial.