SARAH S. VANCE, District Judge.
Defendant Fab-Con, Inc. moves the Court for summary judgment pursuant to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 56.
Plaintiff Michael Martin began working as a cook for Fab-Con, a company that
On December 4, 2012, plaintiff began a seven-day hitch working as a galley hand on board the quarterbarge UNITY at Grand Bay Receiving Station, where Fab-Con was performing work for Apache Corporation.
On December 9, 2012, one day before his hitch on the UNITY was to conclude, plaintiff allegedly slipped and fell in a puddle of diesel oil in the barge's laundry room and sustained a herniated lumbar disc and a lumbar strain.
Fab-Con now moves for summary judgment on the ground that plaintiff is not a Jones Act seaman as a matter of law because he spent less than five percent of his employment time on board a vessel.
Summary judgment is warranted when "the movant shows that there is no genuine
If the dispositive issue is one on which the moving party will bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party "must come forward with evidence which would `entitle it to a directed verdict if the evidence went uncontroverted at trial.'" Int'l Shortstop, Inc. v. Rally's, Inc., 939 F.2d 1257, 1264-65 (5th Cir.1991). The nonmoving party can then defeat the motion by either countering with evidence sufficient to demonstrate the existence of a genuine dispute of material fact, or "showing that the moving party's evidence is so sheer that it may not persuade the reasonable fact-finder to return a verdict in favor of the moving party." Id. at 1265.
If the dispositive issue is one on which the nonmoving party will bear the burden of proof at trial, the moving party may satisfy its burden by merely pointing out that the evidence in the record is insufficient with respect to an essential element of the nonmoving party's claim. See Celotex, 477 U.S. at 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548. The burden then shifts to the nonmoving party, who must, by submitting or referring to evidence, set out specific facts showing that a genuine issue exists. See id. at 324, 106 S.Ct. 2548. The nonmovant may not rest upon the pleadings, but must identify specific facts that establish a genuine issue for trial. See, e.g., id.; Little, 37 F.3d at 1075 ("Rule 56 `mandates the entry of summary judgment, after adequate time for discovery and upon motion, against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party's case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.'" (quoting Celotex, 477 U.S. at 322, 106 S.Ct. 2548)).
"The Jones Act provides a cause of action in negligence for `any seaman' injured `in the course of his employment.'" Chandris, Inc. v. Latsis, 515 U.S. 347, 354, 115 S.Ct. 2172, 132 L.Ed.2d 314 (1995) (citing 46 App.U.S.C. § 688); see also Becker v. Tidewater, 335 F.3d 376, 386 (5th Cir.2003). The term "seaman" is not defined in the Jones Act. Chandris, 515 U.S. at 355, 115 S.Ct. 2172. The Supreme Court has instructed that not every "maritime worker on a ship at sea as part of his employment is automatically a member of the crew of the vessel within the meaning of the statutory terms." Id. at 363, 115 S.Ct. 2172. Instead, to achieve status as a seaman, an employee must show (1) that his duties contributed to the function of a navigable vessel or the accomplishment of its mission; and (2) that he had a connection to a vessel in navigation (or to an identifiable group of vessels) that was substantial in terms of both its duration and its nature. Id. at 368, 115 S.Ct. 2172; Becker, 335 F.3d at 387. The purpose of this test is to "separate the sea-based maritime employees who are entitled to Jones
Whether a person is a seaman is ordinarily a question of fact for the jury. Becker, 335 F.3d at 386; Ellender v. Kiva Const. & Eng'g, Inc., 909 F.2d 803, 805 (5th Cir.1990). But "summary judgment is appropriate where `the facts establish [the lack of seaman status] beyond a question as a matter of law' and no reasonable evidentiary basis exists to support a jury finding that the injured person is a seaman." Ellender, 909 F.2d at 805-06 (alteration in original) (quoting Barrett v. Chevron U.S.A., Inc., 781 F.2d 1067, 1074 (5th Cir.1986)); accord Becker, 335 F.3d at 386.
Here, Fab-Con has established as a matter of law that plaintiff lacked a substantial connection to the UNITY in terms of duration. To assess the temporal element of the seaman status test, the Supreme Court has adopted a rule of thumb: "A worker who spends less than about 30 percent of his time in the service of a vessel in navigation should not qualify as a seaman under the Jones Act." Chandris, 515 U.S. at 371, 115 S.Ct. 2172. According to Nguyen, Martin's supervisor, plaintiff spent only six days of his employment with Fab-Con engaged in seaman's work on board the UNITY; the other 195 days were spent working on fixed platforms. Plaintiff has presented no evidence tending to contradict this account. Thus, assuming without deciding that the UNITY is a "vessel," plaintiff spent less than three percent of his time working for Fab-Con on board a vessel. True, plaintiff's testimony suggests that he spent time on vessels sleeping and traveling to platforms. But that time does not figure into the analysis because it was not spent "in the service of a vessel in navigation." See, e.g., Hufnagel v. Omega Serv. Indus., Inc., 182 F.3d 340, 347 (5th Cir.1999) (holding that the time plaintiff "ate, slept, and spent time" on vessel could not be considered in the substantial connection analysis); Williams v. Danos & Curole Mar. Contractors, LLC, 797 F.Supp.2d 712, 717 (E.D.La.2011) (same).
Plaintiff argues that a departure from the thirty percent test is warranted here because Martin's seaman status changed when he was reassigned to the UNITY to work as a galley hand. In support of this argument, plaintiff cites Chandris for the proposition that "[w]hen a maritime worker's basic assignment changes, his seaman status may change as well."
The Court is not persuaded. The Fifth Circuit has held that, in order for this exception to the thirty percent test to apply, the reassignment must be permanent. Becker, 335 F.3d at 390. In Becker, the Fifth Circuit considered whether an engineering intern who had been assigned to work a temporary hitch as a member of the crew of the technological vessel REPUBLIC TIDE was a Jones Act seaman.
The same conclusion is appropriate here. There is no evidence that the nature of Martin's employment was "permanently changed or that his that his essential duties ... had been altered by his assignment to the [UNITY]." Id. Instead, the evidence indicates that "plaintiff's position on the [UNITY] arose by happenstance," id., when plaintiff was unable to obtain sufficient hours working on fixed platforms and asked Nguyen for extra work.
It is true that plaintiff testified that, when Nguyen reassigned him, Nguyen told him that it could be for the duration of the Apache job if Martin wanted it.
The Court's finding that plaintiff is not a Jones Act seaman also means that plaintiff's unseaworthiness claim against Fab-Con must fail. See Stumbaugh v. Am. Commercial Lines LLC, Civil Action No. 08-1669, 2009 WL 1458037, at *1 (E.D.La. May 26, 2009); 1 Thomas J. Schoenbaum, Admiralty and Maritime Law § 6-27 (5th ed. 2013) ("The warranty of seaworthiness ... is a duty owed only to a narrow class of maritime workers — those who can claim `seaman' status under the law."). Because plaintiff is not a seaman, he is limited to a cause of action pursuant to the Longshore and Harbor Workers' Compensation Act, which applies "to maritime workers "injured upon navigable waters while in the course of [their] employment." Bienvenu v. Texaco, Inc., 164 F.3d 901, 907 (5th Cir.1999); Becker, 335 F.3d at 386 (because "the Jones Act and the LHWCA are `mutually exclusive compensation regimes,'" if a plaintiff is not a Jones Act seaman, "he is protected only by the LHWCA"). Workers covered by the LHWCA do not have a cause of action for unseaworthiness. See 33 U.S.C. § 905(b); Becker, 335 F.3d at 387; Aparicio v. Swan Lake, 643 F.2d 1109, 1116 n. 11 (5th Cir.1981) (noting that section 905(b) "abrogat[ed] the unseaworthiness remedy" for employees covered by the LHWCA).
For the foregoing reasons, the Court concludes that plaintiff is not a Jones Act seaman. Thus, plaintiff's claims against Fab-Con for negligence, unseaworthiness, and maintenance and cure cannot succeed. Plaintiff has asserted no other claims against Fab-Con. Accordingly the Court GRANTS Fab-Con's motion for summary judgment and dismisses it from this case.
The Court's holding that plaintiff is not a seaman also means that his claims for unseaworthiness against Equipment Co., LLC, Barges Unlimited, Inc., and CCR,