ROBERT S. BARNEY, Judge.
Todd Kirkpatrick, d/b/a A-1 Home Inspection ("Appellant"), appeals from the trial court's judgment granting Ben Pierson ("Mr. Pierson") and Tracy Pierson (collectively "Respondents") $5,875.00 on their "PETITION FOR DAMAGES" relating to an inspection performed by Appellant on a home ultimately purchased by Respondents.
Viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to the trial court's judgment, GMAC v. Crawford, 58 S.W.3d 529, 532 (Mo.App.2001), the record reveals that in the spring of 2005 Respondents and the Walkers entered into a residential home sales contract whereby Respondents agreed to purchase and the Walkers agreed to sell a residential home located in Springfield, Missouri. As part of that transaction, Respondents hired Appellant to perform a home inspection in exchange for $265.00, and Appellant's agent, Tommy Crain ("Mr. Crain"), performed the home inspection on or about March 20, 2005. Mr. Crain prepared and presented an inspection report to Respondents. As best we discern, Respondents relied on this report in making their decision to purchase the home. It was not until after the transaction was closed that fire-related roof and attic issues were discovered with the house during a remodeling project by Respondents.
On October 31, 2006, Respondents filed suit against Appellant alleging one count of negligence for Appellant's failure to "properly access and inspect the attic of the residence to the extent necessary to see the extensive amount of charred support structure and other fire damage to the attic;" to "properly access and inspect the attic of the residence to the extent necessary to see the defective and unprofessional attempts to `patch' areas of the roof;" and to alert Respondent to the damage and potential cost of repair. Respondents also brought a second count against Appellant for breach of contract in that the contract with Appellant included an agreement
While denying the majority of the claims set out in Respondents' petition, Appellant asserted several "AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSES" in his Answer to Respondents' claims. First, Appellant pled that Respondents had "already settled and been paid by [the Walkers]" such that "[a]ny and all sums should be directly credited against any judgment rendered against [Appellant] and reduce the amount of any judgment that might be entered. . . ." He further averred that Respondents "are contributorily negligent by failing to see defects in the house, have waived any right to recover due to the delay on their part and should be estopped from proceeding against [Appellant] after they have fully settled this lawsuit and collected . . . 100 [percent] of their damages from the [Walkers]."
A trial on this matter was held on November 18, 2010. At trial, Mr. Pierson testified he entered into a contract with Appellant to perform the home inspection and that the report provided after the inspection indicated the attic was "serviceable." He also testified he did not sign a written contract with Appellant. When fire damage was later discovered in the attic area, he contacted Appellant and Appellant re-inspected the attic area. Mr. Pierson testified there was damage to "[e]verything" in the attic including "the ceiling joists, the roof joists, the decking." In his discussions with Appellant after the discovery of the damage, he related Appellant told him that he "was going to have his workers inspect the house and do the demolition and the framing and that he was going to have somebody come and roof it." This solution was not acceptable to Mr. Pierson who wanted a licensed contractor to make these structural repairs to his newly purchased home. He related that he did not feel that allowing "the guy that inspected [his] house" to perform structural repairs to the joists and beams was the appropriate resolution. Mr. Pierson related that he felt the damage caused a dangerous condition in his home and affected his ability to potentially sell it in the future. He admitted he had taken no steps to fix the problems himself, but that while he was "worried about it . . . [he believed] it will hold till [it] can get . . . repaired." He stated he did receive $8,000.00 from the Walkers and intended on fixing the problems once "the entire case" was resolved.
Jeremiah Lee ("Mr. Lee"), an estimator for Rock Solid Construction, testified that he looked at the damage to Respondents' home and prepared a proposal for them. He related that he proposed a "two to three-week project" that included "removing the gable roof over their living room area and reframing that;" taking off the roof decking "and shingles and rafters;" "replac[ing] the ceiling joists;" and removing the ceiling to access the joists and then
In the presentation of his evidence, Appellant testified that the inspection report prepared by Mr. Crain was a standard form utilized by his company for a number of years. He stated that when he reinspected the home at Respondents' request, he discovered Mr. Crain's report was "[n]ot totally" correct; that Mr. Crain had missed an area of "some fire damage" in a portion of the attic; and that there was "some" "deterioration of the joists" in that area. He stated that after re-inspection, he offered to "go ahead and fix it for them." He related that he had no obligation to do so, but he called to give his opinion of the cost to repair the fire damage to Respondents' attic. He related that he and an area roofer, Kenny Teague ("Mr. Teague"), got on the roof, observed that it appeared to be structurally "strong," and discussed the options to repair it. Appellant testified that he could do the necessary framing involving the rafters and ceiling joists himself although he had never truly seen the extent of the damage. He opined that his plan was "to sister the ceiling joists right next to the old ones without tearing out the ceiling." He stated Mr. Teague believed he could "tear off the [roof] deck and put new decking" for around $3,300.00. Appellant also stated no repairs were ever completed as he was instructed by Respondents to deal with their legal counsel in proceeding with the repairs and Appellant reported there were difficulties with that as counsel "wanted a licensed framer" to do the repairs. Appellant testified there is no such thing as a "licensed framer" in this State and that he and Mr. Teague had ample expertise to make these repairs themselves.
On the issue of a purported contract between the parties, Appellant testified Respondents "tried to put in about half of [the] contract earlier" with the introduction of their Exhibit 7. He related the first page of the purported contract clearly says "[c]ontract continues on the back side of this page" and Respondents did not include the second page of the document containing a limitation on liability and providing that an unhappy homeowner was limited solely to the return of the $265.00 paid for the home inspection.
Mr. Teague testified that he inspected the damage to Respondents' roof along with Appellant. Mr. Teague stated there were no outward signs of roof damage and it appeared to him to be structurally sound. He admitted he had never been in the attic of Respondents' home and relied only on photographs in making his bid to repair the area in the attic beneath the roof. He related that although there was damage to the rafters, he opined that sister joists were not necessary in that the damaged rafters were made of oak and remained strong despite the charring. He felt that replacing the rafters would be a purely cosmetic decision. He related that he intended on having Appellant help him "put the framing in" and believed the project would take two days. He related that he thought he could repair damaged "rafters, decking, and shingles" for $3,300.00 and a copy of his proposal was introduced into evidence.
At the close of all the evidence the trial court took the matter under advisement. On February 18, 2011, the trial court issued its "JUDGMENT" in which it found "in favor of [Respondents] and against [Appellant] on the claim set forth in [Respondents'] Petition in the principal amount of $5,700.00. Said sum takes into account and applies all fees and setoffs found applicable by the [trial c]ourt." The trial court also assessed costs in the amount of $175.00 against Appellant. This appeal followed.
In this court-tried case, our review is governed by Rule 84.13(d).
For ease of analysis, we have chosen to address Appellant's points relied on
Here, in opening statement, counsel for Respondents stated:
Counsel for Appellant then stated as part of his opening statement:
After a discussion about various exhibits, the following then occurred:
Later, during the testimony of Appellant, Appellant himself admitted that the reasonable cost of repair was the sole issue
Appellant, therefore, admitted it was his obligation to "pay for the reasonable cost of the repairs of this damage."
While Respondent argues the aforementioned statements constituted judicial admissions which would be conclusive upon the party making them, see The Empire Dist. Elec. Co. v. Coverdell, 344 S.W.3d 842, 852 (Mo.App.2011), a more accurate description of what transpired is that in its opening remarks Appellant engaged in invited error. Appellant's counsel initially conceded that his inspection was improperly performed. Appellant's counsel then specifically limited the facts and law in issue at trial to a determination of the cost "to fix the fire damage in [Respondents'] attic." However, Appellant then complains on appeal that the trial court did not explore the notion of the contractual liability of the parties, the terms of a potential contract between the parties, issues relating to spoliation, and evidentiary concerns relating to the diminution in the fair market value of Respondent's home. "The general rule of law is that a party may not invite error and then complain on appeal that the error invited was in fact made.'" Lau v. Pugh, 299 S.W.3d 740, 757 (Mo.App.2009) (quoting Rosencrans v. Rosencrans, 87 S.W.3d 429, 432 (Mo.App.2002)). "It is axiomatic that a `party cannot lead a trial court into error and then' lodge a complaint about the action." In re Berg, 342 S.W.3d 374, 384 (Mo.App.2011) (quoting Schluemer v. Elrod, 916 S.W.2d 371, 378 (Mo.App.1996)). The trial court was entitled to rely on the statements by Appellant's counsel and to isolate the issues before it in accordance with those statements. Appellant cannot now complain that the trial court failed to consider certain issues when it clearly isolated the issues before the trial court in its opening statement. Accordingly, save for Appellant's first point relied on, Appellant's remaining points have been rendered irrelevant. Appellant's Points II, III, IV and V are denied.
Turning to Appellant's first point relied on, Appellant therein argues the trial court's judgment in favor of Respondents was not supported by substantial evidence, was against the weight of the evidence, and erroneously applied the law in that "the evidence overwhelmingly demonstrates Appellant was ready, willing, and able to perform his settlement agreement with Respondents, but Respondents refused and prevented Appellant's performance.. . ."
We find no merit in Appellant's first point. "In Missouri, the general rules of contract construction apply when interpreting settlement agreements." Park Lane Med. Ctr. of Kansas City, Inc. v. Blue Cross/Blue Shield of Kansas City, et al., 809 S.W.2d 721, 724 (Mo.App.1991). "A legal, valid settlement agreement must possess all the essential elements of any other contract." Tirmenstein v. Central States Basement and Foundation Repair, Inc., 148 S.W.3d 849, 851 (Mo.App.2004). "The essential elements of a contract are: (1) competency of the parties to contract;
The judgment of the trial court is affirmed.
SCOTT, and FRANCIS, JJ., concurs.