OPINION

NOEL L. HILLMAN, District Judge.

Before the Court is a motion to dismiss filed by defendants Rowan University, Rowan University Police Dept., Rowan University Public Safety Dept., Michael Kantner, Rowan Security Dept., Rowan Police Lieutenant John Malinski, Rowan Police Officer Siobhan McClintok, Rowan Police Officer Ryan Brennan, Rowan Police Officer Carrie Rathof, and Rowan Police Sergeant Frank Davey (collectively "Rowan defendants").1 For the reasons explained below, the Rowan defendants' motion to dismiss will be granted.

I. FACTUAL BACKGROUND

According to plaintiffs' second amended complaint, plaintiff Cottrell is a mother of a severely disabled daughter, and plaintiffs are legally permitted to park their car in a handicap accessible parking space reserved for disabled individuals while transporting Cottrell's daughter. Plaintiffs are self-described longtime "advocates for the disabled" and often challenge perceived parking violations of individuals who illegally park in handicap parking spaces. They regularly file complaints with the U.S. Department of Justice, and in this Court.

On April 1, 2010, plaintiffs drove Cottrell's daughter, Brittany Sloope, to Rowan University to attend a "Get Fit" class. After class ended, plaintiffs were returning to their car when they noticed a car parked in a handicap parking space. Plaintiffs state that the temporary handicap placard had expired. Plaintiffs and the driver of the vehicle, defendant Keyshonna Norman, got into a verbal altercation.

About an hour after the incident, Norman filed an incident report with Rowan University against Cottrell for harassment and for theft of her temporary handicap placard. Based on the statements given by Norman, Rowan University police officers filed burglary charges against Cottrell for entering Norman's vehicle and removing the handicap placard.

On April 2, 2010, a Glassboro police officer, and four Rowan University police officers came to plaintiffs' residence and arrested Cottrell and charged her with theft, disorderly conduct and harassment. Plaintiffs were also given a trespass notice banning them from Rowan's campus. Cottrell filed a citizens' handicap parking complaint and harassment charge against Norman. On February 28, 2011, the charges against Cottrell were dismissed.

II. PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

On April 2, 2012, plaintiffs filed a complaint against the Rowan defendants and defendant Keyshonna Norman. On October 15, 2012, the Rowan defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' complaint. Plaintiffs filed an opposition brief to the motion and then subsequently filed a motion for leave to amend their complaint on January 29, 2013. On May 3, 2013, plaintiffs' motion for leave to amend was granted.

The Rowan defendants then filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' first amended complaint on May 17, 2013. Plaintiffs again filed a motion on September 6, 2013 for leave to amend their complaint a second time. On December 4, 2013, the Court granted in part and denied in part plaintiffs' motion. The Court granted plaintiffs leave to add additional claims for violations of the Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment, but denied plaintiffs' leave to add claims under the Fifth Amendment and claims for malicious use of process against the Rowan defendants. The Court also granted plaintiffs leave to assert a malicious use of process claim against Norman.

Plaintiffs' second amended complaint alleges their ban from Rowan's campus violated their First and Fourteenth Amendment rights and the New Jersey Civil Rights Act. They also bring discrimination and retaliation claims pursuant to the ADA and NJDLAD. Plaintiffs further allege false arrest in violation of the Fourth Amendment. Plaintiffs seek to enforce the ADA requirements, to enjoin Rowan from banning them from campus, and to recover monetary damages and attorney's fees.

The Rowan defendants filed a motion to dismiss plaintiffs' second amended complaint which is now before the Court. For the reasons explained below, the Rowan defendants' motion to dismiss will be granted.

III. JURISDICTION

Plaintiffs have alleged federal rights violations and therefore this Court exercises subject matter jurisdiction pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1331. The Court exercises supplemental jurisdiction over plaintiffs' related state law claims pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1367.

IV. STANDARDS FOR MOTION TO DISMISS

A. FED. R. CIV. P. 12(b)(1)

The Rowan defendants argue that plaintiffs lack standing to bring discrimination claims under the ADA and the NJLAD. Lack of standing is a challenge to this Court's subject matter jurisdiction and, therefore, is determined pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(1). In re Schering Plough Corp. Intron/Temodar Consumer Class Action, 678 F.3d 235, 243 (3d Cir. 2012) (citing Ballentine v. United States, 486 F.3d 806, 810 (3d Cir. 2007)).

Rule 12(b)(1) motions are either facial or factual challenges. CNA v. United States, 535 F.3d 132, 140 (3d Cir. 2008). A facial attack concerns the sufficiency of the pleadings, whereas a factual attack is a dispute over the existence of certain jurisdictional facts alleged by the plaintiff. Id. (citing United States ex rel. Atkinson v. Pa. Shipbuilding Co., 473 F.3d 506, 514 (3d Cir. 2007)).

In deciding a motion that attacks the complaint on its face, the court must accept the allegations in the complaint as true. Mortensen v. First Federal Sav. and Loan Ass'n, 549 F.2d 884, 891 (3d Cir. 1977); Gould Elecs., 220 F.3d at 176 ("In reviewing a facial attack, the court must only consider the allegations of the complaint and documents referenced therein and attached thereto, in the light most favorable to the plaintiff.").

If the motion attacks the facts supporting jurisdiction, "no presumptive truthfulness attaches to plaintiff's allegations, and the existence of disputed material facts will not preclude the trial court from evaluating for itself the merits of jurisdictional claims." Mortensen, 549 F.2d at 891. The plaintiff has the burden to prove that jurisdiction does in fact exist. Id.

Here, the Rowan defendants are making a facial attack that plaintiffs lack standing to bring discrimination claims pursuant to the ADA and NJLAD. See In Re Schering Plough, 678 F.3d at 243. As such, the Court "must accept as true all material allegations set forth in the complaint, and must construe those facts in favor of the nonmoving party" as it would in reviewing a complaint pursuant to a Rule 12(b)(6) motion. Id. ("In evaluating whether a complaint adequately pleads the elements of standing, courts apply the standard of reviewing a complaint pursuant to a Rule 12(b)(6) motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim."). The three-step approach is used to evaluate whether a complaint satisfies this standard:

Id. (internal quotations omitted).

Thus, although lack of standing is a subject matter jurisdiction challenge under Rule 12(b)(1), the standard applied is the same applied under Rule 12(b)(6).

B. FED. R. CIV. P. 12(b)(6)

When considering a motion to dismiss a complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be granted pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. 12(b)(6), a court must accept all well-pleaded allegations in the complaint as true and view them in the light most favorable to the plaintiff. Evancho v. Fisher, 423 F.3d 347, 351 (3d Cir. 2005). It is well settled that a pleading is sufficient if it contains "a short and plain statement of the claim showing that the pleader is entitled to relief." Fed. R. Civ. P. 8(a)(2). Under the liberal federal pleading rules, it is not necessary to plead evidence, and it is not necessary to plead all the facts that serve as a basis for the claim. Bogosian v. Gulf Oil Corp., 562 F.2d 434, 446 (3d Cir. 1977). However, "[a]lthough the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure do not require a claimant to set forth an intricately detailed description of the asserted basis for relief, they do require that the pleadings give defendant fair notice of what the plaintiff's claim is and the grounds upon which it rests." Baldwin County Welcome Ctr. v. Brown, 466 U.S. 147, 149-50 n.3 (1984) (quotation and citation omitted).

A district court, in weighing a motion to dismiss, asks "`not whether a plaintiff will ultimately prevail but whether the claimant is entitled to offer evidence to support the claim.'" Bell Atlantic v. Twombly, 127 S.Ct. 1955, 1969 n.8 (2007) (quoting Scheuer v. Rhoades, 416 U.S. 232, 236 (1974)); see also Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009) ("Our decision in Twombly expounded the pleading standard for `all civil actions' . . . ."); Fowler v. UPMC Shadyside, 578 F.3d 203, 210 (3d Cir. 2009) ("Iqbal . . . provides the final nail-in-the-coffin for the `no set of facts' standard that applied to federal complaints before Twombly.").

As noted above in the discussion of the standard for a Rule 12(b)(1) motion mounting a facial attack based on standing, the Third Circuit has outlined a three step approach in reviewing a complaint under Rule 12(b)(6). Santiago v. Warminster Tp., 629 F.3d 121, 130 (3d Cir. 2010). "First, the court must `tak[e] note of the elements a plaintiff must plead to state a claim.'" Id. (citing Iqbal, 129 S.Ct. at 1947). Second, the factual and legal elements of a claim should be separated; a district court must accept all of the complaint's well-pleaded facts as true, but may disregard any legal conclusions. Id.; Fowler, 578 F.3d at 210 (citing Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1950). Finally, a district court must then determine whether the facts alleged in the complaint are sufficient to show that the plaintiff has a "`plausible claim for relief.'" Id. (quoting Iqbal, 129 S. Ct. at 1950). A complaint must do more than allege the plaintiff's entitlement to relief. Id.; see also Phillips v. County of Allegheny, 515 F.3d 224, 234 (3d Cir. 2008) (stating that the "Supreme Court's Twombly formulation of the pleading standard can be summed up thus: `stating . . . a claim requires a complaint with enough factual matter (taken as true) to suggest' the required element. This `does not impose a probability requirement at the pleading stage,' but instead `simply calls for enough facts to raise a reasonable expectation that discovery will reveal evidence of' the necessary element"). A court need not credit either "bald assertions" or "legal conclusions" in a complaint when deciding a motion to dismiss. In re Burlington Coat Factory Sec. Litig., 114 F.3d 1410, 1429-30 (3d Cir. 1997). The defendant bears the burden of showing that no claim has been presented. Hedges v. U.S., 404 F.3d 744, 750 (3d Cir. 2005) (citing Kehr Packages, Inc. v. Fidelcor, Inc., 926 F.2d 1406, 1409 (3d Cir. 1991)).

Finally, a court in reviewing a Rule 12(b)(6) motion must only consider the facts alleged in the pleadings, the documents attached thereto as exhibits, and matters of judicial notice. Southern Cross Overseas Agencies, Inc. v. Kwong Shipping Group Ltd., 181 F.3d 410, 426 (3d Cir. 1999). A court may consider, however, "an undisputedly authentic document that a defendant attaches as an exhibit to a motion to dismiss if the plaintiff's claims are based on the document." Pension Benefit Guar. Corp. v. White Consol. Indus., Inc., 998 F.2d 1192, 1196 (3d Cir. 1993).

The Rowan defendants' argument that some of plaintiffs' claims are barred by the doctrine of qualified immunity shall be reviewed under Rule 12(b)(6). See Leveto v. Lapina, 258 F.3d 156, 161 (3d Cir. 2001) (finding that "qualified immunity `will be upheld on a 12(b)(6) motion only when the immunity is established on the face of the complaint.'") (citations omitted); Peteete v. Asbury Park Police Dept., 09-1220, 2010 WL 5151238, at *3 (D.N.J. Dec. 13, 2010) ("a defendant's claim that he is entitled to qualified immunity is properly evaluated under Rule 12(b)(6) rather than Rule 12(b)(1)."). Additionally, their argument that plaintiffs fail to state a claim upon which relief can be granted will be analyzed under Rule 12(b)(6).

V. DISCUSSION

The Rowan defendants argue that plaintiffs are not disabled and therefore lack standing to bring discrimination claims under the ADA and NJLAD. They also argue that plaintiffs' retaliation claims under the ADA and NJLAD should be dismissed because there is no causal connection between their 2010 ban from campus and their alleged protected activity. They further argue that plaintiffs' claims under § 1983 and the New Jersey Civil Rights Act alleging that defendants violated their First, Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment Rights are barred by qualified immunity.

Plaintiffs do not respond directly to the Rowan defendants' motion to dismiss. Rather, they filed a one paragraph statement that they oppose the motion and rely upon their previous responses, particularly documents 19 and attachment 1, document 30 and attachments 1 and 2,2 document 40 and attachments, and document 50 and attachments. This "response" is woefully inadequate. See Albrechtsen v. Board of Regents of University of Wisconsin System, 309 F.3d 433, 436 (7th Cir. 2002) (stating "`Judges are not like pigs, hunting for truffles buried in' the record.") (quoting United States v. Dunkel, 927 F.2d 955, 956 (7th Cir. 1991)); see also, Doeblers' Pennsylvania Hybrids, Inc. v. Doebler, 442 F.3d 812 (3d Cir. 2006) (finding appellant failed to properly cite to the appendix); Doe v. Sizewise Rentals, LLC, No. 09-3409, 2010 WL 3614200, at *3 (D.N.J. Sept. 8, 2010) (stating that "[n]either the Court nor Defendants should be required to sift through a tome of allegations to piece together [] claims" and dismissing claim without prejudice on motion to dismiss).

Plaintiffs have filed a complaint in this Court and are responsible for the prosecution of their case. It is incumbent upon plaintiffs to properly respond to motions filed, particularly here where the motions to amend the complaint were granted and the motions to dismiss along with the attendant briefing were rendered moot. The defendants would not be permitted to rely on a previously filed, and mooted, motion to dismiss and, therefore, plaintiffs should not be permitted to rely on previously filed responses. Although pro se, plaintiffs are seasoned litigants. If they choose to file a complaint in this Court, they are required to properly follow its rules and properly respond to all motions filed.

Thus, the Court must decide whether to treat the Rowan defendants' motion to dismiss as unopposed, or permit them to rely on their previous briefs. See Estate of Casella v. Hartford Life Ins. Co., No. 09-2306, 2009 WL 2488054, at *2 (D.N.J. Aug. 11, 2009) (even if unopposed, a motion to dismiss must be addressed on the merits) (citing Stackhouse v. Mazurkiewicz, 951 F.2d 29, 30 (3d Cir. 1991)). Here as a matter of prudence, the Court will review the previous submissions and collectively treat them as one response to the motion presently before the Court.

A. Standing to Bring ADA and NJLAD Claims

Plaintiffs' claims for discrimination in violation of the ADA and NJLAD will be dismissed on grounds that they lack standing to bring such claims. To present a prima facie case for discrimination claims arising under the ADA and NJLAD, the plaintiff must be disabled. See 42 U.S.C. § 12182; N.J.S.A. 10:5-12(f).

As the Court stated previously in Cottrell v. Rowan University, 786 F.Supp.2d 851, 858 (D.N.J. 2011):

Plaintiffs have not alleged in their second amended complaint that they are disabled. Thus, they have not alleged the requisite elements for a discrimination claim. Accordingly, plaintiffs lack standing and their claims for discrimination in violation of the ADA and NJLAD will be dismissed.

B. Retaliation under the ADA and NJLAD

Plaintiffs' claims for retaliation will be dismissed. In contrast to a discrimination claim, a claim for retaliation under the ADA and NJLAD does not require a plaintiff to demonstrate that he is disabled.3 Krouse v. American Sterilizer Co., 126 F.3d 494, 502 (3d Cir. 1997) ("Unlike a plaintiff in an ADA discrimination case, a plaintiff in an ADA retaliation case need not establish that he is a `qualified individual with a disability.'"). The ADA and NJLAD make it unlawful to retaliate against or intimidate any individual because he or she has opposed any act or practice made unlawful by the ADA or NLJAD. See 42 U.S.C. § 12203; N.J.S.A. 10:5-12(d), (e).

"To establish a prima facie case of retaliation under the ADA [and NJLAD], Cottrell and Holland [a]re required to show: (1) they engaged in a statutorily protected expression; (2) they suffered an adverse action; and (3) the adverse reaction was causally related to the protected expression."4 Cottrell v. Zagami, LLC, 537 Fed.Appx. 46, 47 (3d Cir. 2013) (citing Higdon v. Jackson, 393 F.3d 1211, 1219 (11th Cir. 2004); Fogleman v. Mercy Hosp., Inc., 283 F.3d 561, 567-68 (3d Cir. 2002)).

The Court finds that at the prima facie stage, the plaintiffs have met the first two elements of their retaliation claim, but not the third. The Court will assume at this stage that the plaintiffs' handicap parking space activism on Rowan's campus was a protected activity. The plaintiffs have also stated that they were adversely affected by the ban from Rowan's campus. Plaintiffs have not, however, alleged facts that could show a causal relation.

The history between the plaintiffs and Rowan University is well known to the parties and to this Court. See, e.g., Cottrell v. Rowan University, 786 F.Supp.2d 851, 859 (D.N.J. 2011). Rowan University has banned plaintiffs previously for harassing and disruptive behavior on its campus.5 Id. Although plaintiffs had brought a retaliation claim pursuant to the ADA and NJLAD against Rowan University, the Court found that "it was their harassing and volatile behavior — and not their documentation of parking violations — that was the basis for their ban" and denied the claim.

Plaintiffs bring a similar claim in this case. They argue that they were banned from Rowan's campus for policing the handicapped parking spots. The facts show, however, that plaintiffs were banned based on their disruptive behavior toward Norman, a student at Rowan. As stated by plaintiffs in their second amended complaint, "twenty days prior to the incident [with Norman] Plaintiff Holland video documented a vehicle parked in a designated handicap space displaying a (sic) expired temporary handicap placard T307396 issued to Keyshonna Norman issued date May 21, 2009 on the dashboard. Ms. Norman was not present."

There is no allegation that the Rowan defendants banned plaintiffs based on the activity that occurred twenty days before the incident. It was only after the verbal confrontation with Norman on April 1, 2010, which prompted Norman to report the incident to the Rowan police, that defendants issued the ban. Thus, the facts as plead show that it was not plaintiffs' policing and videotaping of handicap parking spots that prompted the ban, but rather, the intentional confrontation of a Rowan student by plaintiffs. See Zagami, 537 Fed.Appx. at 48 (concluding that Cottrell and Holland did not establish a prima facie case of causation where the letter banning Cottrell from Landmark was based on her "prior actions . . . disruptive of the regular and essential operations" of the business).

As this Court has previously stated, "[e]ven if plaintiffs had come onto campus to protect disabled persons' parking rights, [it] does not mean they can conduct themselves in any manner without consequence. The cloak of the ADA does not extend its protections that far." Rowan, 786 F.Supp.2d at 859-60. Therefore, the ban issued by the Rowan defendants was based on plaintiffs' harassing and disruptive behavior and not because of any protected activity. Plaintiffs' retaliation claim will be dismissed.

C. Federal Constitutional Claims

Plaintiffs bring a 42 U.S.C. § 1983 claim on grounds that the Rowan defendants violated their First, Fourth and Fourteenth Amendment rights.6 Plaintiffs argue that their due process and equal protection rights under the Fourteenth Amendment were violated. The Rowan defendants respond that they are entitled to qualified immunity. Because plaintiffs fail to make out a constitutional violation, the Rowan defendants are entitled to qualified immunity.7

The doctrine of qualified immunity protects government officials "from liability for civil damages insofar as their conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable person would have known." Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982). "Qualified immunity balances two important interests — the need to hold public officials accountable when they exercise power irresponsibly and the need to shield officials from harassment, distraction, and liability when they perform their duties reasonably." Pearson v. Callahan, 129 S.Ct. 808, 815 (2009). The doctrine provides a government official immunity from suit rather than a mere defense from liability, and, thus, the issue of whether qualified immunity applies should be decided at the earliest possible stage in litigation. Id. "Qualified immunity. . . gives government officials breathing room to make reasonable but mistaken judgments, and protects all but the plainly incompetent or those who knowingly violate the law." Fiore v. City of Bethlehem, 510 F. App'x 215, 219-20 (3d Cir. 2013) (citing Messerschmidt v. Millender, 132 S.Ct. 1235, 1244 (2012)) (internal quotation marks and citations omitted).

Qualified immunity attaches if the official can demonstrate his or her conduct was "objectively reasonable." See Harlow, 457 U.S. at 818. "There are two prongs to the objective reasonableness inquiry: first, whether the plaintiff's constitutional or statutory rights were in fact violated; second, whether it would have been clear to a reasonable officer that the conduct was unlawful." Davis v. Malitzki, 451 F. App'x 228, 232 (3d Cir. 2011) (citing Saucier v. Katz, 533 U.S. 194, 200-01 (2001)). If the answer to either question is "no," the analysis may end there. See Pearson, 129 S. Ct. at 816; see also Bennett v. Murphy, 274 F.3d 133, 136 (3d Cir. 2002) ("If the plaintiff fails to make out a constitutional violation, the qualified immunity inquiry is at an end; the [official] is entitled to immunity.").

1. First Amendment

Plaintiffs' First Amendment retaliation claim will be dismissed for failure to allege facts that could show that the adverse action was prompted by plaintiffs' protected conduct. To establish a First Amendment retaliation claim, plaintiffs must prove the following elements: (1) they engaged in constitutionally protected conduct; (2) defendants took adverse action sufficient to deter a person of ordinary firmness from exercising his rights; and (3) the adverse action was prompted by plaintiffs' protected conduct. Mitchell v. Horn, 318 F.3d 523, 530 (3d Cir. 2003). Even if plaintiffs' actions were protected First Amendment activity, and their ban from campus sufficiently deterred them from continuing those activities, for the same reasons expressed above with regard to plaintiffs' ADA and NJLAD retaliation claims, plaintiffs have not alleged sufficient facts in support of a plausible claim that their ban from campus was motivated by their protected activities.8 Accordingly, plaintiffs' First Amendment claim fails.9

2. Fourth Amendment

Plaintiffs' Fourth Amendment claim will be dismissed because plaintiffs have failed to allege facts that could show the absence of probable cause. To state a Fourth Amendment claim for false arrest,10 a plaintiff must allege two elements: "(1) that there was an arrest; and (2) that the arrest was made without probable cause." James v. City of Wilkes-Barre, 700 F.3d 675, 680 (3d Cir. 2012) (citing Groman v. Twp. of Manalapan, 47 F.3d 628, 634 (3d Cir. 1995) and Dowling v. City of Philadelphia, 855 F.2d 136, 141 (3d Cir. 1988)). Probable cause exists "whenever reasonably trustworthy information or circumstances within a police officer's knowledge are sufficient to warrant a person of reasonable caution to conclude that an offense has been committed by the person being arrested." United States v. Myers, 308 F.3d 251, 255 (3d Cir. 2002) (citing Beck v. State of Ohio, 379 U.S. 89, 91 (1964)). "Probable cause. . . requires more than mere suspicion; however, it does not require that the officer have evidence to prove guilt beyond a reasonable doubt." Orsatti v. New Jersey State Police, 71 F.3d 480, 482-83 (3d Cir. 1995).

Here, Cottrell was charged with theft by unlawful taking and disorderly conduct in violation of N.J.S.A. 2C:20-3(a) N.J.S.A. 2C:33-4(c). The Rowan defendants arrested Cottrell on the basis of the sworn statements by Norman in a criminal complaint. Based on the allegations in plaintiffs' second amended complaint, Norman alleged that Cottrell: walked around her car several times staring at her and looking in her windshield at her handicap placards; pointed to her expired and unexpired placards in her vehicle; repeatedly asked her to show her the placard although it was visible through the windshield; went to the front of Norman's vehicle and took the handicap placard;11 denied to Norman that she was harassing her; and that Norman called Cottrell "a few `F' words" and a "thief." Norman also stated in her criminal complaint that it was not the first time Cottrell harassed her.12

The sworn statements made by Norman in a criminal complaint filed with the Rowan Police Department establish probable cause for the arrest. Plaintiffs have failed to allege facts that could demonstrate the absence of probable cause necessary to establish a § 1983 claim for false arrest and, therefore, this claim will be dismissed.

3. Fourteenth Amendment

a. Due Process

The Fourteenth Amendment provides that no "State [shall] deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law." U.S. Const. amend. XIV, § 1. In order to establish a violation of due process, plaintiffs must establish that "(1) [they were] deprived of an individual interest that is encompassed within the Fourteenth Amendment's protection of life, liberty and property, and (2) the procedures available to [them] did not provide him with due process of law." Hill v. Borough of Kutztown, 455 F.3d 225, 234 (3d Cir. 2006). Plaintiffs have not shown either.

First, plaintiffs have not articulated how they have a constitutionally protected, substantive right to come onto Rowan's campus. See Albright v. Oliver, 510 U.S. 266, 272 (1994) (explaining that substantive due process protection has "for the most part been accorded to matters relating to marriage, family, procreation, and the right to bodily integrity"); Adderley v. State of Florida, 385 U.S. 39, 47 (1966) ("The State, no less than a private owner of property, has power to preserve the property under its control for the use to which it is lawfully dedicated.").

Even if they did, plaintiffs have not shown how that right was taken from them without proper procedures. Plaintiffs were informed of, and provided, a hearing regarding their 2010 ban from campus, the opportunity to further appeal that hearing decision, and the ability to appeal that decision to the New Jersey courts. Plaintiffs appealed the ban and an administrative hearing was held. The appeal was denied and the ban was upheld to remain in effect until 2015. Plaintiffs did not appeal the administrative appeal to the New Jersey state court. See N.J. Ct. R. 2:2-3(a)(2)(The New Jersey Superior Court, Appellate Division, has appellate jurisdiction over appeals of final agency decisions). The numerous opportunities to challenge the validity of Rowan's decision to ban plaintiffs from campus more than satisfies the Fourteenth Amendment's due process requirement. See Cleveland Bd. of Ed. v. Loudermill, 470 U.S. 532, 542 (1985) ("The core of due process is the right to notice and a meaningful opportunity to be heard."). Simply because plaintiffs disagreed with the procedures or did not avail themselves of them does not mean those procedures were lacking in due process.

Therefore, their Fourteenth Amendment due process claim will be dismissed.

b. Equal Protection

Similarly, plaintiffs have not made out an equal protection claim. In order to prove a claim under the Equal Protection Clause, plaintiffs must show that absent a rational basis for doing otherwise, they were treated differently from similarly situated persons. Village of Willowbrook v. Olech, 528 U.S. 562, 564 (2000); see also Vacco v. Quill, 521 U.S. 793, 799 (1997) (explaining that the Equal Protection Clause, which "commands that no State shall `deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws,'" does not create any substantive rights, and "[i]nstead, . . . embodies a general rule that States must treat like cases alike but may treat unlike cases accordingly." . . . "If a legislative classification or distinction neither burdens a fundamental right nor targets a suspect class, we will uphold [it] so long as it bears a rational relation to some legitimate end") (citations omitted).

Plaintiffs have not alleged any facts that could make out a plausible claim that non-ADA-activists who have engaged in similar conduct have not been similarly banned from campus. Consequently, plaintiffs' equal protection claim also fails.

Because plaintiffs have failed to allege facts in support of their Constitutional claims, the Rowan defendants are entitled to qualified immunity.13 See Davis, 451 F. App'x at 232 (first prong of qualified immunity test is whether the plaintiff's constitutional or statutory rights were in fact violated). Accordingly, these claims will be dismissed.

D. New Jersey Civil Rights Act

In addition to their federal civil rights claims, plaintiffs assert a claim under the analogous New Jersey Civil Rights Act (NJCRA).14 See N.J.S.A. 10:6-1. Like Section 1983, NJCRA is a means of vindicating substantive rights and is not a source of rights itself. Gormley v. Wood-El, ___ A.3d ___, 2014 WL 2921824, at *9 (N.J. Jun. 30, 2014).

Plaintiffs seek redress pursuant to the NJCRA based on the same facts plead in support of their Federal civil rights claims. For the same reasons that their § 1983 claims will be dismissed, plaintiffs' state civil rights claims will be dismissed. Cluver v. Borough of Sayreville, 557 Fed.Appx. 180, 182 (3d Cir. 2014) (affirming dismissal of claims under New Jersey Civil Rights Act because claim was precluded due to finding that defendant was entitled to qualified immunity); Trafton v. City of Woodbury, 799 F.Supp.2d 417, 443-44 (D.N.J. 2011) ("This district has repeatedly interpreted NJCRA analogously to § 1983.")(citing Chapman v. New Jersey, No. 08-4130, 2009 WL 2634888, *3 (D.N.J. Aug. 25, 2009)); Armstrong v. Sherman, No. 09-716, 2010 WL 2483911, *5 (D.N.J. June 4, 2010) ("[T]he New Jersey Civil Rights Act is a kind of analog to section 1983. . . .").15

E. Malicious Use of Process

Defendants move for dismissal of plaintiffs' malicious use of process claim. However, as noted in the Court's Order entered December 4, 2013, plaintiffs' request for leave to assert a malicious use of process claim against the Rowan defendants was denied as futile. Thus, there is no malicious use of process or malicious prosecution claim16 against the Rowan defendants.17

VI. CONCLUSION

For the foregoing reasons, the Rowan defendants' motion to dismiss will be granted.18 Defendants Rowan University, Rowan University Police Dept., Rowan University Public Safety Dept., Michael Kantner, Rowan Security Dept., Rowan Police Lieutenant John Malinski, Rowan Police Officer Siobhan McClintok, Rowan Police Officer Ryan Brennan, Rowan Police Officer Carrie Rathof, and Rowan Police Sergeant Frank Davey will be dismissed.

An Order consistent with this Opinion will be entered.