TOWNES, District Judge:
Maria D'Agostino ("Plaintiff") brings this action against LA Fitness International, LLC. d/b/a a/k/a LA Fitness, Inc., LA Fitness, LA Fitness Sports Clubs, Michael Sharp, and Pro Results a/k/a Body of Change d/b/a LA Fitness (together "Defendants") alleging age and gender discrimination in violation of the New York State Human Rights Law ("NYSHRL"), N.Y. Exec. Law § 290 et seq., Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ("Title VII") and the Age Discrimination in Employment Act ("ADEA") as well as retaliation under the NYSHRL. Defendants have moved for summary judgment, alleging that they acted appropriately in demoting Plaintiff. For the reasons that follow, the court grants Defendants' motion in its entirety.
Summary judgment is appropriate only when "there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." FED. R. CIV. P. 56(a). "[G]enuineness runs to whether disputed factual issues can reasonably be resolved in favor of either party, [while] materiality runs to whether the dispute matters, i.e., whether it concerns facts that can affect the outcome under the applicable substantive law." Mitchell v. Washingtonville Cent. Sch. Dist., 190 F.3d 1, 5 (2d Cir.1999) (internal quotation marks omitted).
The moving party bears the burden of showing that no genuine issue of fact exists. See Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 256, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). The non-movant cannot avoid summary judgment "through mere speculation or conjecture" or "by vaguely asserting the existence of some
When evaluating a motion for summary judgment, "[t]he court must view the evidence in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment is sought and must draw all reasonable inferences in his favor." L.B. Foster Co. v. Am. Piles, Inc., 138 F.3d 81, 87 (2d Cir.1998). "No genuine issue exists if, on the basis of all the pleadings, affidavits and other papers on file, and after drawing all inferences and resolving all ambiguities in favor of the non-movant, it appears that the evidence supporting the non-movant's case is so scant that a rational jury could not find in its favor." Chertkova v. Conn. Gen. Life Ins. Co., 92 F.3d 81, 86 (2d Cir.1996). "If the evidence [presented by the non-moving party] is merely colorable, or is not significantly probative, summary judgment may be granted." Scotto v. Almenas, 143 F.3d 105, 114 (2d Cir.1998) (internal quotation marks omitted) (alteration in original).
The parties do not dispute the following facts which are construed in a light most favorable to Plaintiff, the non-moving party. On January 3, 2007, Plaintiff, forty-seven years old at the time, began her employment as a Training Assistant Manager ("TAM") at the Lake Success, New York facility for LA Fitness — a nationwide network of sports clubs. (Defendants' Statement of Facts ("Defs. SOF") ¶ 1.) TAMs are responsible for selling personal training sessions and are promoted in large part based on their ability to achieve sales goals. (Id. ¶ 2.) Michael Sharp, as District Vice President, was responsible for monitoring personal training sales. (Id. ¶ 3.) On or about August 9, 2007, Sharp promoted Plaintiff to Weekend General Manager ("WGM"), which was approved by Dorian Gallagher, Regional Vice President.
On Tuesday, November 18, 2008, Plaintiff received an email from Sharp seeking to discuss "the direction we are currently heading in Staten Island, and what gameplan [Plaintiff] had in mind to implement to turn it around." (Ex. I Attached to Defs. MSJ at 2.) Sharp included in the email sales data comparing LA Fitness' Staten Island facility to the national average for all its clubs. (Id.) Sharp admonished Plaintiff that he "need[ed] to see improvement ... Not only improvement in numbers, but improvement in manpower and staff quality." (Id.) In this regard, Sharp noted that he was currently interviewing TAMs to fill the WGM position to help alleviate some of Plaintiff's staffing concerns, but asked Plaintiff to send him "an email of your gameplan for turning [the facility's sale numbers] around and let [him] know what interviews [Plaintiff had] scheduled for the near future." (Id. at 3; Defs. SOF ¶ 33.) Plaintiff responded to Sharp's email, advising him that she was aware of her responsibilities and was "performing at 100% of [her] potential." (Ex. I Attached to Defs. MSJ at 2.) Plaintiff also indicated that she was "well aware of where [the Staten Island facility's] numbers are and where they need to be." (Id.) She did not send him a game plan. Following her response to Sharp's email, Plaintiff forwarded the conversation to Bessant for her "file with H[uman] R[esources]." (Id. at 1) Plaintiff indicated to Bessant that she found it "out of character" for Sharp to communicate via email, as in the past he would simply relentlessly call managers' cell phones. (Id.) Plaintiff made it clear that she was forwarding the email because she felt she had to protect herself. (Id.)
On Thursday, November 20, 2008, Sharp emailed Bessant regarding "a complaint that was made against [him] by [Plaintiff]." (Defs. SOF ¶ 31.) Sharp indicated that Gallagher and Mark Gralnick, LA Fitness' Executive Vice President, brought the complaint to his attention and that they both "instructed [him] what to do moving forward." (Defs. SOF ¶ 32.) Sharp stated that he was aware that the complaint accused
On November 24, 2008, Plaintiff again emailed Bessant "just for [her] records," complaining that Sharp had commented to two other employees that she was "probably on [her] way out." (Defs. SOF ¶ 20; Ex. J Attached to Plaintiff's Opposition ("Pl. Opp.").) Plaintiff also complained that she still had no WGM at her facility and that she believed Sharp was "setting [her] up for failure." (Ex. J Attached to Pl. Opp.) On or around that same day, Plaintiff also testified that she called Bessant and had a call with her, Michu Welch, and a third party whose name Plaintiff could not recall.
On November 27, Gallagher emailed Plaintiff, explaining to her that he had tried to reach her the night before, but was informed that she had left for lunch and had not returned. (Ex. O Attached to Defs. MSJ.) Gallagher insisted that Plaintiff call him that day. (Id.) Plaintiff responded via email later that day that she was no longer comfortable speaking to anyone other than Bessant, noting that it has become "quite apparent" to her that "LA Fitness condones [Sharp's] behavior but promising to "be in the club doing [her] job." (Id.) Ostensibly unappeased, on November 28, 2008, Gallagher drove to the Staten Island facility to meet with Plaintiff to discuss her failure to meet her responsibilities, but he discovered that she was not at work. (Gallagher Deposition ("Gallagher Dep.") at 49.) At that point, Gallagher later testified that he said to himself, "enough is enough, we have to secure this club and move on." (Id.) When Plaintiff arrived at the facility some time later that day, Gallagher approached her with two options for moving forward; Plaintiff could either accept a demotion to WGM at Lake Success or resign. (Id. at 49-50.) According to Plaintiff, Gallagher stated that he was giving her the option to transfer because it was clear that she did not enjoy working under Sharp's jurisdiction, but Plaintiff also acknowledged that they had a discussion about her sales and the fact that they "ha[dn't] been spectacular." (Pl. Dep. at 20, 51-52.) At the time, Plaintiff believed that Gallagher's stated reasons for demoting her were true, (id. at
Following her resignation, Plaintiff sent an email to Bessant on November 28, 2008, noting that she was "unaware" that her TGM position was in jeopardy. (Ex. K Attached to Pl. Opp.) And, although Plaintiff did not offer any specifics, she expressed her belief that she had been "treated unfairly," noted her "pending situation" with Human Resources, and stated that "LA Fitness does not want to deal with the issue first at hand." (Id.) On November 30, 2008 Plaintiff emailed Welch regarding her resignation. Plaintiff iterated many of the facts outlined above. (Id.) Plaintiff indicated in this email that she believed she had been treated the way she was because of her gender. (Id.) She also indicated that following her resignation, it was announced that the Staten Island facility would be hiring a WGM, which Plaintiff said would have alleviated her staffing issues. (Id.) Plaintiff received a response from Welch, who indicated that her office would investigate the matter. (Id.) There is no indication in the record as to whether an investigation occurred or what the outcome of any investigation might have been. Plaintiff testified at her deposition that although she always found Sharp's behavior discriminating and harassing, her November 30, 2008 email is the only email in which she specifically linked Sharp's treatment of her to discrimination. (Pl. Dep. at 89-90, 97, 100, 105-06, 113-14.)
Title VII discrimination claims are analyzed under the burden-shifting framework set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green, 411 U.S. 792, 802-03, 93 S.Ct. 1817, 36 L.Ed.2d 668 (1973). See Brown v. City of Syracuse, 673 F.3d 141, 150 (2d Cir. 2012). This same framework also applies to claims of age discrimination under the ADEA, see Bucalo v. Shelter Island Union Free School Dist., 691 F.3d 119, 129-30 (2d Cir.2012), and to discrimination and retaliation claims under the NYSHRL. See Spiegel v. Schulmann, 604 F.3d 72, 80 (2d Cir.2010) (citing Dawson v. Bumble & Bumble, 398 F.3d 211, 216-17 (2d Cir. 2005)) (discrimination); Mayers v. Emigrant Bancorp, Inc., 796 F.Supp.2d 434, 445 (S.D.N.Y.2011) (citing Borski v. Staten Island Rapid Transit, 413 Fed.Appx. 409, 410-11 (2d Cir.2011)). Under the McDonnell Douglas burden-shifting framework:
Heyman v. Queens Village Committee for Mental Health for Jamaica Community Adolescent Program, Inc., 198 F.3d 68, 72 (2d Cir.1999) (internal quotations and citations omitted).
Under Title VII, the ADEA and the NYSHRL, a plaintiff establishes a prima facie case of intentional discrimination by showing that (1) she is a member of a protected class; (2) she was qualified for the position she held; (3) she suffered an adverse employment action; and (4) the adverse action took place under circumstances giving rise to [an] inference of discrimination. See Reynolds v. Barrett, 685 F.3d 193, 202 (2d Cir.2012) (Title VII); Gorzynski v. JetBlue Airways Corp., 596 F.3d 93, 107, 110 (2d Cir.2010) (ADEA); Spiegel, 604 F.3d at 80 (NYSHRL). Although the evidence necessary to establish plaintiff's initial burden has been characterized by the Second Circuit as "minimal" and "de minimis," see Zimmermann v. Associates First Capital Corp., 251 F.3d 376, 381 (2d Cir.2001) (citing cases), it "is not non-existent." Almond v. Westchester County Dept. of Corrections, 425 F.Supp.2d 394, 399 (S.D.N.Y.2006). "[S]ummary judgment must be granted whenever the undisputed facts, viewed most favorably to the non-moving plaintiff, do not make out a prima facie case." Id. In addition, summary judgment is appropriate where the only evidence offered to prove the prima facie case is conclusory and insufficiently particular to permit a defendant to respond, since "[t]o allow a party to defeat a motion for summary judgment by offering purely conclusory allegations of discrimination, absent any concrete particulars, would necessitate a trial in all ... cases." Meiri v. Dacon, 759 F.2d 989, 998 (2d Cir.1985).
Defendants do not appear to contest that Plaintiff is a member of a protected class, has suffered an adverse employment action, or that the adverse action took place under circumstances that give rise to an inference of discrimination. Rather, they argue only that Plaintiff has not established a prima facie because she did not possess the basic skills necessary to perform as a TGM and has therefore failed to demonstrate that she was qualified for the position. In support, Defendants point to sales statistics from Plaintiff's tenure as TGM, indicating that she had among the lowest, or in some cases the lowest, sales out of all of the facilities in her district. However, as the Second Circuit has "long emphasized," "the qualification prong must not be interpreted in such a way as to shift into the plaintiff's prima facie case an obligation to anticipate and disprove the employer's proffer of a legitimate nondiscriminatory basis for its decision." Gregory v. Daly, 243 F.3d 687, 696 (2d Cir.2001). Thus, a plaintiff "need not show perfect performance or even average performance." Id. (quoting Powell v. Syracuse Univ., 580 F.2d 1150, 1155 (2d Cir.1978)). Instead, a plaintiff "need only make the `minimal showing' that `she possesses the basic skills necessary for performance of [the] job.'" Id. (quoting Owens v. New York City of Housing Auth., 934 F.2d 405, 409 (2d Cir.1991)) (emphasis in original). The court finds that Plaintiff has met her burden.
Assuming then, that Plaintiff has established her prima facie case, the burden shifts to Defendants to articulate a legitimate non-discriminatory reason for their actions. See Heyman, 198 F.3d at 72. Meeting that challenge, Defendants have asserted, based on sales data from Plaintiff's tenure as TGM, that Plaintiff was demoted for not achieving sales goals, and because the facility she managed was often ranked at or near the bottom in sales when compared to other facilities in her district. (Ex. N Attached to Defs. MSJ; Pl. Dep. at 103 (testifying that under Plaintiff's management, the Staten Island facility was only meeting 25 percent of its sales goals while the national average was 50 percent).) In addition, Defendants assert that Plaintiff was demoted for failing to maintain staffing levels and not properly handling her day-to-day responsibilities. (See Gallagher Dep. at 49-50 (noting that "it was obvious that [Plaintiff] was spinning out of control and ... wasn't able to handle the responsibilities.").) Plaintiff does not dispute the accuracy of this information, noting at her deposition that she only met her daily sales goals approximately "65 percent" of the time, and acknowledging to Gallagher that her sales numbers "were not spectacular" when she was notified of her demotion. (Pl. Dep. at 48, 52, 103.) Given Defendants' facially non-discriminatory justifications for Plaintiff's termination, the burden again falls to Plaintiff to demonstrate the existence of a material fact as to whether the reasons proffered by Defendants are mere pretexts for a discriminatory motive.
Plaintiff's evidence of pretext essentially falls into two categories: Sharp's discriminatory remarks directed at Plaintiff and incidents where Plaintiff observed that younger males received preferential treatment. The court will address each category separately.
To establish discriminatory intent, Plaintiff relies on a series of comments
Notwithstanding Sharp's inappropriate comments, Plaintiff does not appear to dispute that he played no role in the decision to demote her and points to no evidence that would indicate otherwise. To the contrary, both Plaintiff and Gallagher's testimonies suggest that the decision to demote Plaintiff was made by Gallagher alone. (Pl. Dep. at 87; Gallagher Dep. at 49.) Plaintiff indicated that no one else was present when Gallagher informed her of her demotion and Gallagher's testimony indicates that her demotion was borne from his frustration with Plaintiff's failure to meet her responsibilities and her accompanying inaccessibility. (See Pl. Dep. at 19-20, 53, 87; Gallagher Dep. at 49 (stating that after having been unable to reach Plaintiff by phone, Gallagher drove to Staten Island to meet with Plaintiff only to find that she wasn't there, at which point he decided that "enough is enough," and told Plaintiff of her options to either accept a demotion or resign when "she showed up a couple of hours later.").) Nor does Plaintiff allege that Gallagher in any way discriminated against her. (See Pl. Dep. at 79-80 (Plaintiff testifying that Gallagher never made a comment to her regarding her age or gender and that, in fact, she did not believe that any one at LA Fitness other than Sharp had ever discriminated against her.) Finally, Plaintiff acknowledged that the justifications Gallagher provided to her for her demotion and transfer were both correct; she had, in fact, not been meeting sales expectations and did not enjoy working with Sharp. (Pl. Dep. at 52.) Under these circumstances, Plaintiff cannot establish, via Sharp's comments, that Gallagher's justifications for Plaintiff's demotion masked a discriminatory purpose.
Plaintiff also claims that the justifications for her demotion are mere pretext as demonstrated by the preferential treatment provided to younger male managers. More to the point, Plaintiff asserts that these managers — who Plaintiff named at her deposition — were promoted when asked, moved to different clubs at their request, came in late, disappeared for days, and took drugs and were arrested in the club, all without reprimand or repercussion. (Pl. Dep. at 21.) Plaintiff further asserted that many of these managers had previously served time in prison. (Id. at 28.)
As a preliminary issue, Defendants argue that Plaintiff has not demonstrated that these individuals are similarly situated to her. Plaintiff was allegedly demoted for poor sales, but she has not demonstrated that any of these individuals had similar sales numbers and yet were treated differently. In fact, Plaintiff has provided no evidence as to what these younger male managers' sales numbers actually were or for how long their sales numbers suffered, and even admitted at her deposition that she "didn't watch the [sales] numbers [of other clubs], to be quite honest." (Id. at 50.) Given the lack of any sales data regarding these younger male managers, the court agrees with Defendants that, on the record before it, Plaintiff has failed to establish that these younger male managers were in the same position as she — someone who was demoted based on poor sales performance.
Even assuming, however, that these managers were similarly situated to Plaintiff, Plaintiff's allegations fall far short of meeting her burden. First, despite Plaintiff's allegation that these managers' were abusing drugs in the clubs and had prison records, Plaintiff did not testify whether any of her superiors were aware of such conduct, did not say whether any of these individuals were ever disciplined, and admitted that she never reported any of this information to her superiors, either because she believed it to be "open knowledge" or because she "didn't want to get involved." (Id. at 24, 33.) Second, as to Plaintiff's claims that other managers were allowed to take vacation without prior notice or to come in late, Plaintiff testified that in the one instance where she personally observed a male co-worker coming in late and brought it to Sharp's attention, that Sharp eventually addressed the issue. (Id. at 23.) Third, although Plaintiff testified that she believed a former supervisor — not Sharp — excluded her from certain meetings, Plaintiff later admitted that the supervisor never directed her not to attend meetings. In fact, Plaintiff did attend
In sum, in the court's view, Plaintiff has offered little more than speculation and vague allegations of similarly-situated employees receiving more favorable treatment, many of which are controverted by Plaintiff's own testimony. Under such circumstances, Plaintiff's allegations are simply insufficient to satisfy her burden and demonstrate that the reasons proffered by Defendants for her demotion were mere pretext. See Alam v. HSBC Bank USA, N.A, 2009 WL 3096293, at *11 (S.D.N.Y. Sept. 28, 2009) ("While a court must interpret all evidence in favor of the plaintiff, it need not blindly accept the plaintiff's testimony where that testimony is largely unsubstantiated and is contradictory or incomplete.") (citing Jeffreys v. City of New York, 426 F.3d 549, 554 (2d Civ.2005)); Adams-Martin v. Connecticut Dep't of Dev. Servs., 2012 WL 878306, at *13 (D.Conn. Mar. 14, 2012) (finding plaintiff's speculative and unsubstantiated allegations of similarly-situated employees receiving favorable treatment insufficient to establish that defendant's non-discriminatory reason for her termination was a pretext). As the court finds that Plaintiff has not proffered sufficient evidence to raise a genuine issue of material fact as to whether her demotion was motivated by discriminatory animus, it grants Defendants' motion for summary judgment as to Counts I through IV.
As indicated, retaliation claims brought pursuant to NYSHRL are subject to the same burden-shifting framework set forth in McDonnell Douglas Corp. v. Green. Ballard v. Children's Aid Soc'y, 781 F.Supp.2d 198, 206 (S.D.N.Y.2011). "To establish a prima facie case of unlawful retaliation under the NYSHRL, a plaintiff must show that: (1) she engaged in a protected activity; (2) her employer was aware of this activity; (3) the employer took adverse employment action against her; and (4) a causal connection exists between the alleged adverse action and the protected activity." Vito v. Bausch & Lomb, Inc., 403 Fed.Appx. 593, 597 (2nd Cir.2010) (citing Schiano v. Quality Payroll Sys., Inc., 445 F.3d 597, 608 (2d Cir. 2006)).
The parties focus their attention on the fourth prong, i.e., whether Plaintiff has established a causal connection between her demotion and her complaint about discrimination. As an initial matter, the court notes the incredibly close proximity between Plaintiff's phone call to Human Resources on November 24 or 25 of 2008 and her subsequent demotion, which occurred only a few days later. Thus, were temporal proximity the sole criterion for establishing causation for a retaliation claim, Plaintiff would be successful. See Cifra v. G.E. Co., 252 F.3d 205, 217 (2d Cir.2001) (finding causal connection based on the fact that only twenty days had elapsed between protected activity and termination); Treglia v. Town of Manlius,
Unfortunately for Plaintiff, "other factors may be considered to establish causation or its lack." Summa v. Hofstra Univ., 2011 WL 1343058, at *22 (E.D.N.Y. Apr. 7, 2011). Indeed, "[w]hile general corporate knowledge of protected activity suffices to satisfy the second element of a retaliation claim, the extent of the actual decisionmaker's knowledge may be relevant to the causation prong." Id. As a result, the "lack knowledge on the part of a decision maker `is admissible as some evidence of lack of a causal connection, countering plaintiff's circumstantial evidence of proximity.'" Id. (quoting Gordon v. New York City Bd. of Educ., 232 F.3d 111, 117 (2d Cir.2000)); see also Sundaram v. Brookhaven Nat'l Lab., 424 F.Supp.2d 545, 584 (E.D.N.Y.2006) (stating that "there is no evidence that any of the decisionmakers [were] aware of the plaintiff's protected activity and thus no evidence of a causal connection between the protected activity and the defendant's hiring decision"). In addition, district courts have held that, "with regard to the causation prong of the prima facie standard, absent any evidence to support an inference that the decisionmakers knew of plaintiff's complaints, plaintiff cannot rely on circumstantial evidence of knowledge as evidence of causation." Id. (internal quotation omitted); see also Philippeaux v. Fashion Inst. of Tech., 1996 WL 164462, at *6 (S.D.N.Y. Apr. 9, 1996) (plaintiff must demonstrate "not only that [the school] as an entity knew of his engagement in the protected activity, but also that the actual decisionmakers knew about it as well").
Here, Plaintiff presents no evidence that Gallagher was aware that she had placed a phone call to Human Resources complaining of discrimination just a few days before he discussed her demotion with her. To the contrary, Gallagher submitted a sworn affidavit to the court stating that "[a]t the time [he] informed [Plaintiff] of her demotion, [he] had no knowledge of any alleged complaints of age discrimination or sex discrimination that [Plaintiff] claims to have filed with LA Fitness." (Ex. P Attached to Defs. MSJ at 2.) Moreover, there is no evidence that Gallagher could have learned of the complaint from Sharp, who likewise testified that he had no knowledge that Plaintiff had ever made a complaint that she had been the victim of discrimination. (See Sharp Dep. at 64.) As Plaintiff offers nothing to refute these statements and the court is aware of no evidence from which to impute Gallagher's awareness of Plaintiff's protected activity, Defendants have successfully "counter[ed] [P]laintiff's circumstantial evidence of proximity." Summa, 2011 WL 1343058, at *22 (quoting Gordon, 232 F.3d at 117). Accordingly, the court finds that there is insufficient evidence to establish a causal connection between Plaintiff's protected activity and her subsequent demotion.
Persevering, Plaintiff argues that her November 11, 2008 complaint against Sharp, of which Gallagher was aware, should constitute protected activity sufficient to establish causation. That complaint, however, made no mention of any alleged age or gender discrimination. (See Ex. M Attached to Defs. MSJ.) Rather, as Plaintiff indicated at her deposition, at no time before her call to Human Resources on either November 25 or November 26 of 2008 had she stated that she felt she was being discriminated against.
Plaintiff also appears to allege that Sharp's remarks in the workplace subjected her to a hostile work environment. At the outset, however, the court notes that it is unclear under which specific cause of action in Plaintiff's complaint her hostile work environment claim arises. Regardless, as Plaintiff appears to have alleged that she was subjected to a hostile work environment, and as all parties addressed the issue in their motion papers, the court will do so as well.
The court begins with well-established principles. To demonstrate a hostile work environment, a plaintiff must show: (1) that the harassment was "sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment," and (2) that a specific basis exists for imputing the objectionable conduct to the employer. Alfano v. Costello, 294 F.3d 365, 373-74 (2d Cir.2002). The plaintiff must show that the workplace was so severely permeated with discriminatory intimidation, ridicule, and insult that the terms and conditions of her employment were thereby altered. Id. (citing Leibovitz v. N.Y. City Transit Auth., 252 F.3d 179, 188 (2d Cir.2001)). As a general rule, incidents must be more than "episodic; they must be sufficiently continuous and concerted in order to be deemed pervasive." Id. (quoting Perry v. Ethan Allen, Inc., 115 F.3d 143, 149 (2d Cir.1997)).
In determining whether a particular work environment is "hostile," the Supreme Court has advised courts to apply the following relevant factors: (1) the frequency of the discriminatory conduct; (2) its severity; (3) whether it is physically threatening or humiliating, or a mere offensive utterance; and (4) whether it unreasonably interferes with an employee's work performance". Harris v. Forklift Sys., Inc., 510 U.S. 17, 21, 23, 114 S.Ct. 367, 126 L.Ed.2d 295 (1993); see also Cruz v. Coach Stores, Inc., 202 F.3d 560, 570 (2d Cir.2000). "Finally, it is `axiomatic' that in order to establish a ... hostile work environment [based on your membership in a protected class] ... a plaintiff must demonstrate that the conduct occurred because of her [membership in that protected class]. Alfano, 294 F.3d at 374.
On balance the court finds that Plaintiff has failed to meet this threshold. First, the court finds that Sharp's comments were more in line with an "offensive utterance." It is clear that Sharp's comments were in no way physically threatening and, except for his comments regarding Plaintiff's ability to take credit cards and her ability to lift a large amount of weight because of her age, do not appear to have been directed at Plaintiff's own abilities. Second, Plaintiff herself testified that Sharp's comments in no way interfered with her job and she attributed none of the problems she experienced regarding
For the reasons set forth above, Defendants' motion for summary judgment (Document No. 21) is GRANTED. The Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment in accordance with this Memorandum and Order and close this case.
SO ORDERED.