ANNE Y. SHIELDS, Magistrate Judge.
Plaintiffs, Qian Xiong Lin and Hang Qi Lin ("Plaintiffs"), commenced this action, on behalf of themselves and others similarly situated, pursuant to the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 ("FLSA"), 29 U.S.C. §§ 206, 207, and 216(b), New York Labor Law ("NYLL") Article 19 §§ 633, 652, NYLL Article 6 §§ 190
Presently before the court is Plaintiffs' motion to have this matter proceed conditionally as a collective action pursuant to 29 U.S.C. § 216(b).
For the reasons set forth below, Plaintiffs' motion to proceed as a conditional collective action is granted in part and denied in part. The collective action shall consist of all non-exempt, non-managerial employees, whether tipped or non-tipped, who were employed by Defendants from August 21, 2014 to the present. With regard to the form of notice, this Court's "Notice Form" is attached, and is the presumptively correct form to be used in cases before this Court where a collective action is certified. Counsel are directed to confer regarding the language of this notice. Any proposed or agreed upon changes to this Court's form are to be submitted for review, along with an explanation as why the change is necessary. This Court will then rule on the appropriate form of notice.
The facts summarized below are drawn from the submissions of the parties as described below. Plaintiffs rely on the allegations set forth in their Amended Complaint ("Am. Compl."), (Docket Entry ("DE") [49]), as well as the affidavits of Plaintiffs Qian Xiong Lin ("Qian Lin"), (DE [57-4]), and Hang Qi Lin ("Hang Lin"), (DE [57-5]). In response, Defendants submit the factual declaration of Defendant Ding Chen ("Chen"), the owner of DJ's International, (DE [60]), as well as documentary evidence that Defendants assert contradict Plaintiffs' factual affidavits. (DE [60-2,] [60-3], [60-4].)
DJ's International is a domestic business corporation — namely, a restaurant — organized and existing under the laws of the State of New York, with gross sales in excess of five hundred thousand dollars per year. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 9-10.) Its principal address is located at 1100 Stewart Avenue, Garden City, New York. (
Plaintiff Qian Lin was employed as a sushi chef from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2017 at DJ's International. (
Plaintiff Hang Lin was employed as a waiter for DJ's International from January 1, 2011 to December 25, 2014. (
Both Plaintiffs allege that they were not paid any overtime compensation during their employment with Defendants. (
Plaintiffs' first cause of action in the Amended Complaint alleges violation of the FLSA for Defendants' failure to pay wages for time worked. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 79-82.) The second cause of action alleges a parallel unpaid wage claim pursuant to the New York Labor Law ("NYLL"). (
Plaintiffs seek to pursue this matter as an FLSA collective action that includes all current and former non-exempt, non-managerial employees, both tipped and non-tipped, employed by Defendants from August 24, 2014 to date. (Not. of Pl. Mot. for Conditional Collective Certification, DE [56], at 1.) Members of the proposed collective action are alleged to be subject to the same unlawful policy as Plaintiffs in that they, like Plaintiff, worked hours for which they were not compensated in violation of the FLSA's overtime provisions. Defendants' conduct with respect to the improper payment of wages is alleged to be willful. (Am. Compl. ¶¶ 82, 94.) In furtherance of their request to proceed as a collective action, Plaintiffs request courtauthorized notice be published to the putative collective action members to notify them of the pendency of this action, and of their rights under the FLSA. (DE [57-2].)
As noted, Plaintiffs seek conditional certification of this matter as an FLSA collective action, and to have notice of the pendency of this action (and the right to opt in), sent to all potential members of the proposed collective action. The individuals to whom notice is proposed to be sent are described as those current and former non-exempt, non-managerial employees who worked for Defendant "DJ's International Buffet Inc. located at 1100 Stewart Avenue, Garden City, NY 11530 between August 24, 2014 to the present." (DE [57-2].) In support of the motion, Plaintiffs submit, as noted, their affidavits.
Plaintiff Qian Lin's affidavit states that he was employed by Defendants as a sushi chef from July 1, 2011 to June 18, 2017, during which he was paid a flat monthly compensation, regardless of the number of hours worked, and was not paid at all during a one-month long training period. (Qian Lin Aff. ¶¶ 3-26.) Qian Lin further states that throughout his employment, he worked a number of hours each week in excess of forty and was not paid overtime compensation for those hours. (
Plaintiff Hang Lin's Affidavit corroborates Qian Lin's. Hang Lin states in his affidavit that he was compensated only in tips and was not paid any base wage. (Hang Lin Aff. ¶¶ 3-10.) Hang Lin further states that throughout his employment, he worked a number of hours each week in excess of forty and was not paid overtime compensation for those hours. (
Defendants oppose Plaintiffs' motion, arguing that: (1) there is no common unlawful compensation policy; and, (2) Plaintiffs and members of the putative FLSA collective action are not "similarly situated." (Def. Mem. of Law in Opp'n to Pl. Mot for Conditional Certification, DE [60-1], at 2-11.) Defendants also oppose Plaintiffs' request to equitably toll the statute of limitations, Plaintiffs' proposed notice of pendency, Plaintiffs' request for an order allowing them to publish the proposed notice of pendency on social media, at Defendants' expense, if more than twenty percent of the notices sent are returned as undeliverable, and Plaintiffs' request to permit putative plaintiffs to opt in to the action via Plaintiffs' counsel's website. (
Having set forth the parties' positions and supporting documentation, the Court turns to the merits of the motion.
The FLSA imposes liability upon employers that violate the statute's minimum wage and overtime compensation provisions.
Courts within the Second Circuit apply a two-step analysis to determine whether an action should be certified as an FLSA collective.
The instant motion concerns only the first step,
Importantly, the issue of "similarly situated" refers not to similarity of job duties, but to similarity in pay structure. Thus, courts in this district and elsewhere routinely reject attempts to limit certification based on alleged dissimilarity of job function.
Defendants oppose the motion on the ground that Plaintiffs' submission fails to sustain even the limited burden of proof necessary for notice of a collective action to be sent, arguing that Plaintiffs are not similarly situated to other putative FLSA collective members and that Plaintiffs have not demonstrated a common unlawful compensation policy. The Court disagrees. Plaintiffs have set forth sufficient facts to support the modest factual showing that Defendants' employees were subject to a policy of not being compensated for hours worked in excess of forty per week.
Defendants' opposition is premised on the argument that Plaintiff Qian Lin's Affidavit contains materially false statements that are contradicted by his responses to Defendants' request for interrogatories. According to Defendants, such contradictions indicate that Qian Lin is not credible and as such, his affidavit should be disregarded. (Def. Mem. of Law in Opp'n 6.) However, this is not the inquiry at this stage of the litigation. "The relevant issue here . . . is not whether Plaintiffs and potential opt-in plaintiffs were identical in all respects, but rather whether they were subjected to a common policy to deprive them of overtime pay when they worked more than 40 hours per week."
Deposition testimony corroborating Plaintiffs' affidavits will be more availing at the next stage of this litigation, which will take place at the close of factual discovery. At that time, if requested, the Court will make renewed factual findings to determine whether the Plaintiffs are actually similarly situated to other employees. At this stage however, Defendants' opposition papers serve only to create a question of fact; they do not, as a matter of law, defeat the motion for conditional certification.
Accordingly, Plaintiffs' motion for conditional certification of a collective action is granted. The collective action shall consist of those current and former non-exempt, non-managerial employees, both tipped and non-tipped, employed by Defendant DJ's International Buffet, Inc. from August 24, 2014 to date, who were not paid minimum wage or overtime compensation for hours worked in excess of forty per week.
As part of their motion, Plaintiffs' request that the Court equitably toll the FLSA's limitations period during the time putative class members will have to opt in to the collective action. (Pl. Mem. of Law 23.) However, as Defendants point out, Plaintiffs offer no basis for equitably tolling the statute of limitations, which is typically only permitted when there has been fraud or other conduct by defendant designed to conceal the existence of a claim from plaintiff.
Next, Plaintiffs request that the notice of pendency be "disseminated in any relevant language, via mail, email, text message, or social media group and individual chat and posts, to all potential members of the collective." (Pl. Mem. of Law 18.) Along with this, Plaintiffs also request that putative class members be able to opt in to the collective action via Plaintiffs' counsel's website by electronically submitting a Consent to Join form. (Pl. Mem. of Law 19.) Defendants object to both requests.
The typical methods for disseminating notice to putative collective action members are through the United States mail and by posting hard copies at Defendants' place of business.
Finally, Plaintiffs request that if Defendants fail to provide them with a complete list of current and former employees for the relevant time period, and their contact information, or if more than twenty percent of the mailings are returned as undeliverable, Plaintiffs should be permitted to post an abbreviated form of notice on social media or in newspapers at Defendants' expense. (Pl. Not. of Mot. ¶ 8; Pl. Reply Mem. of Law 7.) Plaintiffs provide no basis in law for this request and the Court finds none applicable. Moreover, the Court finds Plaintiffs' request patently unreasonable. As such the request is denied.
The parties also disagree about the form the notice of pendency should take and the length of the opt-in period. Since the parties cannot agree on a proposed notice, they are referred to this Court's pre-approved form of notice to be used in FLSA conditionally certified collective actions, which is annexed to the Court's Individual Rules at Appendix C and attached hereto. Such form is presumptively approved and reflects the holdings of this Court (and the majority view in this District) as to issues of notice that are continually subject to litigation. To the extent that counsel wish to raise individually, or agree upon, any changes to that form, they are directed to submit any such changes to this Court for review along with an explanation as to why the proposed change is necessary. Counsel's joint statement regarding their agreement or proposed changes as to the form of notice are to be filed in a joint status letter by November 21, 2019.
With respect to the length of the opt-in period set forth in the notice of pendency, Plaintiffs request that the Court permit a ninety-day opt-in period to allow the greatest number of potential plaintiffs to participate in this action. (Pl. Mem. of Law 20.) Defendants object, arguing that a ninety-day period is excessive. (Def. Mem. of Law in Opp'n 14-15.) The Court agrees with Defendants. "[C]ourts in this district have coalesced around a standard 60-day notice period." Mark, 2014 WL 5557489, at *1 (collecting cases). The Court finds no basis for deviating from this standard. Accordingly, the notice of pendency shall provide for a sixty-day opt-in period.
For the foregoing reasons, Plaintiff's motion for conditional certification as an FLSA collective action pursuant to Section 216(b) of the FLSA is granted in part and denied in part. The collective action shall consist of all non-exempt, non-managerial employees, both tipped and non-tipped, who were employed by Defendants from August 24, 2014 to date. Defendants are directed to provide Plaintiffs with the names and contact information of all employees who may be potential plaintiffs herein within ten (10) days of the date of this Order. Counsel for the parties are directed to confer regarding the use of the attached notice, and any changes to this form are to be submitted for Court review, along with an explanation as to why the proposed change is necessary, by November 21, 2019. In all other respects, the motion is denied.
If you worked at [DEFENDANTS' BUSINESS] between [NUMBER
• Plaintiff, [Plaintiff's name] is a former employee of [Defendants' business], where he worked as a [job description].
Defendants deny any wrongdoing and/or liability and maintain that all of their employees are paid in compliance with [TYPE OF]
• THIS NOTICE AND ITS CONTENTS HAVE BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT, EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK. THE COURT HAS TAKEN NO POSITION IN THIS CASE REGARDING THE MERITS OF THE PLAINTIFFS CLAIMS OR OF THE DEFENDANTS' DEFENSES. UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT EASTERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK.
1. Why did I get this notice?
You are getting this notice because Defendants' records show that you may have worked as a [JOB DESCRIPTION] in [DEFENDANTS' BUSINESS] from [NUMBER OF YEARS FROM DATE OF THE COMPLAINT] to the present. Plaintiff sued the Defendants claiming they violated various provisions of [TYPE OF] laws.
2. What is a collective action and who is involved?
In a collective action lawsuit, one or more persons can bring a lawsuit on behalf of others who have similar claims. The individual who brought this lawsuit is called the Plaintiff. The corporate entities and individuals that they have sued are called the Defendants. One Court resolves the issues for everyone who decides to join the case.
3. What is this collective action lawsuit about?
This collective action lawsuit is about whether Defendants' compensation practices violate [TYPE OF] law. The lawsuit alleges that Defendants violated [TYPE OF] law by not paying Plaintiff and other employees similarly situated [minimum wages and overtime owed to them]
Defendants deny any wrongdoing and/or liability and maintain that all of their employees were and continue to be paid in accordance with [TYPE OF] law.
4. How do I join this collective action lawsuit?
To participate in this lawsuit through the Plaintiff's attorney, you must fill out the enclosed form called "Consent to Join" and mail it in the enclosed, postage-paid envelope to Plaintiff's lawyers. Should the enclosed envelope be lost or misplaced, the "Consent to Join" Form must be sent to:
The signed "Consent to Join" form must be postmarked, faxed, or e-mailed by [60 days from mailing of notice]. If your signed "Consent to Join" form is not postmarked, faxed, or e-mailed by [60 days from mailing of notice], you may not be allowed to participate in the federal law portion of this lawsuit.
You have a right to be represented by your own attorney, but you will be responsible for making arrangements for payment of the fees of the attorney you select. The attorney you hire must file with the court a "Consent to Join" form by [60 days from mailing of notice] and must enter a formal appearance as attorney on your behalf
5. What happens if I join the collective action lawsuit?
You will be bound by any ruling, settlement, or judgment, whether favorable or unfavorable. If there is a favorable resolution, either by settlement or judgment, and you qualify under the law, you will be entitled to some portion of the recovery.
If you join this lawsuit and send your "Consent to Join" form to [Plaintiff's Attorney], you agree to have the Plaintiff and his counsel act as your representative and make decisions on your behalf concerning the case, including approving any settlement. Decisions made and agreements entered into by the Plaintiff and his counsel will be binding on you if you join this lawsuit, subject only to the Court's discretion. If you hire your own attorney, you will be bound by decisions and agreements that your attorney makes on behalf of this lawsuit.
If you join this lawsuit, you may be asked to give testimony and information about your work for [DEFENDANTS] to help the Court decide whether you are owed any money. Plaintiff's counsel will assist you with this process. For this reason, if you join this lawsuit, you should preserve all documents relating to your employment currently in your possession.
6. What happen if I do nothing at all?
You will not be included in this lawsuit for the purpose of asserting a [minimum wage or overtime claim under federal]
7. If I join, will there by any impact on my employment?
The law prohibits Defendants from discharging or retaliating against you because you join this case or have in any other way exercised your rights under the law.
8. Do I have a lawyer in this case?
Plaintiff is represented by [Plaintiff's Attorney's name]. If you join by sending your opt-in to the Plaintiff's attorney, [Plaintiff's Attorney's name] will represent you on a contingency fee basis, meaning you will not owe any attorneys' fees unless you are successful and win the case, or obtain a settlement.
9. Do the Defendants have a lawyer in this case?
The Defendants in this case are represented by [Defendants' Attorney's name and information].
IF YOU RECEIVED THIS FORM AND WANT TO JOIN THIS LAWSUIT, PLEASE COMPLETE THESE
I consent to join the collective action and authorize [Plaintiff's Attorney] to act on my behalf in all matters relating to this action, including any settlement of my claims.