PER CURIAM.
Section 54.012(3) of the Texas Local Government Code authorizes a municipality to pursue a civil action against a property owner to enforce an ordinance "for zoning that provides for the use of land or classifies a parcel of land according to the municipality's district classification scheme." TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 54.012(3). Despite section 54.012(3)'s clear and unambiguous
The City of Dallas contends that TCI West End, Inc. (TCI) demolished a building located in a historic overlay district in violation of a city ordinance. See Dallas City Ordinance No. 21391, as amended by Ordinance No. 22158, § 7.1 (requiring building owner, prior to demolishing or altering building located in historic overlay district, to apply for determination as to whether structure is "contributing structure" subject to strict demolition requirements); see also id. at § 4 (incorporating chapter 51A of the Dallas City Code); Dallas, Tex. City Code § 51A-4.501(a)-(p) (regulating historic overlay districts).
The court of appeals reversed, holding that sections 54.012 and 54.017 apply only to health and safety ordinances, not "general zoning ordinances regulating the use of land." 407 S.W.3d at 301. In the alternative, the court held that the City presented no evidence that TCI was informed about the relevant ordinance provision before demolishing the building, as required to obtain civil penalties under section 54.017. Id. at 301. On rehearing, one justice dissented on both counts, explaining that (1) sections 54.012 and 54.017 do not contain the health-and-safety limitation imposed by the court and (2) sufficient evidence supported the jury's finding that TCI had actual notice of the ordinance provision before demolishing the building. Id. at 302-05.
Although other issues have been raised on appeal, the threshold issues are (1) whether sections 54.012(3) and 54.017 are limited to enforcement of "health and safety" zoning ordinances; and (2) whether section 54.017 requires that actual notice be effected before violation of the applicable ordinance.
Our primary objective in construing a statute is to give effect to the Legislature's intent as expressed in the statute's plain language. TGS-NOPEC Geophysical Co. v. Combs, 340 S.W.3d 432, 439 (Tex.2011). We consider the statute as a whole, rather then viewing individual provisions in isolation, and presume the Legislature selected the statute's language with care, choosing each word for a purpose and purposefully omitting words not chosen. Id. We must avoid adopting an interpretation that "renders any part of the statute meaningless." Crosstex Energy
Section 54.012, which is located in chapter 54, subchapter B of the local government code, authorizes a municipality to pursue a civil action against a property owner to enforce several categories of ordinances, including "an ordinance ... for zoning that provides for the use of land or classifies a parcel of land according to the municipality's district classification scheme." TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 54.012.
Id. § 54.017.
The court of appeals determined that all the provisions in subchapter B, including sections 54.012(3) and 54.017, "relate only" to health and safety matters and thus do not apply to general zoning ordinances regulating the use of land. 407 S.W.3d at 301. The court further held that the City's historic-district regulation does not qualify for enforcement as a health-and-safety ordinance under subchapter B because its stated purpose is to "protect buildings of historical, cultural, and architectural significance" in the historic overlay district. Id. (citing Dallas City Ordinance No. 21391, as amended by Ordinance No. 22158). As a result, the court concluded that the ordinance can only be enforced under chapter 211 of the local government code, id. which governs municipal zoning and has a stated purpose of "promoting the public health, safety, morals, or general welfare and protecting and preserving places and areas of historical, cultural, or architectural importance and significance," TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 211.001.
To support this construction of subchapter B, the court of appeals cited a Texas Attorney General opinion limiting the statute's application to health and safety matters because (1) it is entitled "Municipal Health and Safety Ordinances" and (2) section 54.012 specifically refers to those types of matters in some of its subsections. Id. (citing Tex. Att'y Gen. Op. No. GA-0267 (2004)). The court also cited Hollingsworth v. City of Dallas, 931 S.W.2d 699 (Tex.App.-Dallas 1996, writ denied), in which the court had previously resolved an apparent conflict between the injunctive-relief provisions in chapters 54 and 211 as they pertain to general zoning ordinances regulating the use of land. In Hollingsworth, a property owner had argued that the City of Dallas could not obtain injunctive relief for a zoning-ordinance violation without complying with section 54.106, which authorizes injunctive relief only on "a showing of substantial danger of injury or an adverse health impact to any person or to the property of any person other than the defendant." Id. at 702;TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 54.016. Section 211.012(c)'s injunctive-relief remedy includes no similar requirement.
We hold that the court of appeals' interpretation of section 54.012(3) as incorporating a health-and-safety limitation is contrary to the plain and unambiguous language in the statute and would render meaningless and redundant language in that section expressly circumscribing other categories of ordinances enforceable under subchapter B.
Section 54.012(3) expressly authorizes municipalities, such as the City, to enforce ordinances "for zoning that provides for the use of land or classifies a parcel of land according to the municipality's district classification scheme." TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 54.012(3). Section 54.012(3)'s language plainly encompasses the zoning ordinance at issue in this case, and neither the words "health" and "safety" nor analogous limitations are included anywhere therein. In comparison, at least three other subsections of section 54.012 expressly limit the types of ordinances that may be enforced to those involving health or safety matters or use comparable terminology. See id. § 54.012(1) (pertaining to ordinances "for the preservation of public safety, relating to [building construction]"), .012(2) (referring to ordinances "relating to the preservation of public health or to the fire safety of a building or other structure or improvement"), 012(6) (applying to ordinances "relating to dangerously damaged or deteriorated structures or improvements").
As a general principle, we eschew constructions of a statute that render any statutory language meaningless or superfluous. Crosstex, 430 S.W.3d at 390. By interposing a limitation into subsection (3) that the Legislature deliberately chose to include in some — but not all — of section 54.012's subparts, the court of appeals' construction of the statute defeats the purpose of the Legislature's carefully chosen words. This we cannot abide.
We likewise do not attribute decisive weight to subchapter B's title because "[t]he heading of a title, subtitle, chapter, or section does not limit or expand the meaning of a statute." See TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 311.024; see also Waffle House, Inc. v. Williams, 313 S.W.3d 796, 809 (Tex. 2010).
Nor do we perceive a fatal conflict between chapter 54, subchapter B and chapter 211 that would render the former wholly inapplicable to a general land-use ordinance despite its plain language. Chapter 54 provides municipalities with general authority to enforce ordinances whereas chapter 211 grants municipalities specific authority to pass substantive ordinances regulating zoning. Whatever conflict may exist between the injunctive relief available under each of these statutory schemes, we cannot say that the statutes
Applying section 54.012(3)'s plain language, we conclude that chapter 54, subchapter B authorizes a suit for civil penalties based on a violation of the land-use restrictions embodied in Dallas City Ordinance No. 21391, as amended by Ordinance No. 22158. The court of appeals' contrary holding is erroneous.
In an alternative holding, the court of appeals determined that the City's civil-penalty claim would fail on the merits due to legally insufficient evidence that TCI had received actual notice of the ordinance provision before it demolished the building in violation of the ordinance. Although acknowledging the existence of evidence that TCI had actual notice of some of the requirements for obtaining a demolition permit for buildings in the historic district, the court held that the City "presented no evidence that [TCI] was ever informed of the ordinance provisions themselves before the building was demolished." 407 S.W.3d at 301 (emphasis added).
Regardless of the validity of the court's assessment of the evidence, which we need not consider, the court's analysis fails because section 54.017 authorizes an award of civil penalties if the defendant violated an ordinance after receiving notice of its provisions or failed to take action necessary for compliance with the ordinance after receiving such notice. TEX. LOC. GOV'T CODE § 54.017(a). The statute's use of "or," a disjunctive, identifies two alternative bases for recovering civil penalties. See id.; see also City of Lorena v. BMTP Holdings, L.P., 409 S.W.3d 634, 642 (Tex. 2013). The City asserts that the court of appeals erred because there is some evidence that, even if TCI did not receive actual notice of the ordinance provisions until after it had already violated the ordinance by demolishing the building, TCI could have sought a post-demolition permit or taken other steps "necessary for compliance with the ordinance after receiving such notice." In response, TCI contends that it could not possibly have complied with the ordinance after it demolished the building, because "to bring itself into compliance with the ordinance after demolition, [TCI] would have to obtain approval from the Landmark Commission before the demolition."
The court of appeals did not address these arguments. Instead, it concluded that there was no evidence that TCI had actual notice before it "violated an ordinance" by demolishing the building, without considering whether TCI could have "take[n] action necessary for compliance with the ordinance after receiving such notice." Without addressing whether, in fact, TCI could have taken action to comply with the ordinance after receiving actual notice of the ordinance, we agree with the City that the court of appeals erred in failing to consider whether the civil-penalty award could be sustained under this alternative statutory ground.
Accordingly, without hearing oral argument, we reverse the portion of the court