NANCY F. ATLAS, Senior District Judge.
This employment discrimination case is before the Court on Defendant University of Houston-Clear Lake's ("Defendant" or the "University") Motion to Dismiss ("Motion") [Doc. # 11], to which Plaintiff Joseph Chhim ("Plaintiff" or "Chhim"), proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis, filed a Response [Doc. # 14].
Plaintiff Chhim, a United States citizen of Cambodian descent and approximately 70 years old, alleges that he was hired by Defendant the University as a custodian on December 11, 2013. "Plaintiff Original Complaint" ("Complaint") [Doc. # 1], at 2-3, ¶¶ 3, 8. By letter dated April 11, 2014, the University terminated Chhim's employment due to "unsatisfactory probationary period." Exh. C to Complaint ("Termination Letter") [Doc. # 1], at ECF page 18.
Chhim timely filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC and received a notice of his right to sue. Exh. A to Complaint ("EEOC Charge") [Doc. # 1], at ECF pages 12-13; Exh. A to Complaint ("EEOC Dismissal & Notice of Rights") [Doc. # 1], at ECF page 11. Within ninety days of receiving the notice, Chhim filed this federal lawsuit on May 6, 2015, suing the University for discrimination, retaliation, and hostile work environment under the Age Discrimination and Employment Act ("ADEA") and Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as amended ("Title VII"). Chhim seeks prospective injunctive relief, money damages, court costs, and attorneys' fees. Complaint, at 8.
On July 20, 2015, the University filed the instant motion seeking dismissal of Chhim's claims under Rules 12(b)(1) and 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
The University argues Chhim's ADEA claims are barred by the Eleventh Amendment and moves to dismiss these claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. "`A case is properly dismissed for lack of subject matter jurisdiction when the court lacks the statutory or constitutional power to adjudicate the case.'" Smith v. Reg'l Transit Auth., 756 F.3d 340, 347 (5th Cir.2014) (quoting Krim v. pcOrder.com, Inc., 402 F.3d 489, 494 (5th Cir.2005)). When there is a challenge to the court's subject matter jurisdiction, the party asserting jurisdiction bears the burden of establishing jurisdiction exists. Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Tex. v. United States, 757 F.3d 484, 487 (5th Cir.2014); Gilbert v. Donahoe, 751 F.3d 303, 307 (5th Cir.2014).
As an agent of the state of Texas, the University is entitled to Eleventh Amendment immunity absent waiver or abrogation. See Johnson v. Prairie View A & M Univ., 587 Fed.Appx. 213, 214 (5th Cir.2014) (per curiam) (and cases cited therein); Lowery v. Univ. of Hous.-Clear Lake, 82 F.Supp.2d 689, 693 (S.D.Tex. 2000). It is well established that "Congress did not abrogate the states' sovereign immunity with respect to the ADEA," McGarry v. Univ. of Miss. Med. Ctr., 355 Fed.Appx. 853, 856 (5th Cir.2009) (per curiam) (citing Kimel v. Fla. Bd. of Regents, 528 U.S. 62, 91, 120 S.Ct. 631, 145 L.Ed.2d 522 (2000)), and there is no evidence that the University waived immunity in this case. Indeed, Chhim does not dispute that the University is generally immune from his ADEA claims.
Chhim contends only that his claim for prospective injunctive relief should not be dismissed because he has sued his supervisor in his official capacity. While an official capacity claim against a state official for prospective injunctive relief is not necessarily barred by the Eleventh Amendment, see Ex parte Young, 209 U.S. 123, 28 S.Ct. 441, 52 L.Ed. 714 (1908), Chhim only has named the University as Defendant and has not asserted any official capacity claims against an individual in this case. As the only Defendant named in this case is the University, an arm of the State of Texas, "the jurisdictional bar imposed by the Eleventh Amendment applies `regardless of the nature of the relief sought.'" McGarry, 355 Fed.Appx. at 856 (quoting Pennhurst State Sch. & Hosp. v. Halderman, 465 U.S. 89, 100, 104 S.Ct. 900, 79 L.Ed.2d 67 (1984)). Accordingly, all of Chhim's ADEA claims are barred by the Eleventh Amendment and are dismissed under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1).
The University moves to dismiss Plaintiff's Title VII claims under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(6) for failure to state a claim. A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure is viewed with disfavor and is rarely granted. Turner v. Pleasant, 663 F.3d 770, 775 (5th Cir.2011) (citing Harrington v. State Farm Fire & Cas. Co., 563 F.3d 141, 147 (5th Cir.2009)). The complaint must be liberally construed in favor of the plaintiff, and all facts pleaded in the complaint must be taken as true. Harrington, 563 F.3d at 147. The complaint must, however, contain sufficient factual allegations, as opposed to legal conclusions, to state a claim for relief that is "plausible on its face." See Ashcroft v. Iqbal, 556 U.S. 662, 678, 129 S.Ct. 1937, 173 L.Ed.2d 868 (2009); Patrick v. Wal-Mart, Inc., 681 F.3d 614, 617 (5th Cir. 2012). When there are well-pleaded factual allegations, a court should presume they are true, even if doubtful, and then determine whether they plausibly give rise to an entitlement to relief. Iqbal, 556 U.S. at 679, 129 S.Ct. 1937. Regardless of how well-pleaded the factual allegations may be, they must demonstrate that the plaintiff is entitled to relief under a valid legal theory. See Neitzke v. Williams, 490 U.S. 319, 327, 109 S.Ct. 1827, 104 L.Ed.2d 338 (1989); McCormick v. Stalder, 105 F.3d 1059, 1061 (5th Cir.1997). Pleadings filed by pro se litigants are entitled to a liberal construction that includes all reasonable inferences which can be drawn from them. See Haines v. Kerner, 404 U.S. 519, 92 S.Ct. 594, 30 L.Ed.2d 652 (1972); Pena v. U.S., 122 F.3d 3, 4 (5th Cir.1997) (citing Nerren v. Livingston Police Dep't, 86 F.3d 469, 473 & n. 16 (5th Cir.1996)).
Chhim first alleges under Title VII that the University discriminated against him on the basis of his race and national origin.
Chhim has not alleged facts that establish the elements of a prima facie discrimination claim. More specifically, Chhim has not alleged that he was qualified for his custodian position with the University. He also has not alleged facts showing that similarly situated individuals outside of his protected class were treated more favorably under nearly identical circumstances. His assertion that the University "singled [him] out" and "enforced policies against him that it did not enforce
Chhim appears to advance two legal theories under his Title VII retaliation claim. First, he alleges that the University retaliated against him when the University terminated his employment after learning that he had previously had sued the University of Houston for employment discrimination. "[A]n employee may not base a Title VII claim on an action that was not previously asserted in a formal charge of discrimination to the EEOC, or that could not `reasonably be expected to grow out of the charge of discrimination.'" Filer v. Donley, 690 F.3d 643, 647 (5th Cir.2012) (quoting Pacheco v. Mineta, 448 F.3d 783, 795 (5th Cir.2006)). Chhim timely filed a charge of discrimination with the EEOC within 300 days of his termination on April 11, 2014.
Chhim also alleges that the University terminated his employment "in retaliation
Chhim sues the University under Title VII for a hostile work environment. "[A] hostile work environment claim requires (1) membership in a protected group; (2) harassment (3) based on a factor rendered impermissible by Title VII; (4) the harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of employment; and (5) the employer knew or should have known of the harassment yet failed to address it promptly." Hernandez v. Yellow Transp., Inc., 670 F.3d 644, 654 (5th Cir.2012). "Harassment affects a `term, condition, or privilege of employment' if it is `sufficiently severe or pervasive to alter the conditions of the victim's employment and create an abusive working environment.'" Hernandez, 670 F.3d at 654 (quoting Ramsey v. Henderson, 286 F.3d 264, 268 (5th Cir.2002)). "To be actionable, the work environment must be `both objectively and subjectively offensive, one that a reasonable person would find hostile or abusive, and one that the victim in fact did perceive to be so.'" Id. (quoting Faragher v. City of Boca Raton, 524 U.S. 775, 787, 118 S.Ct. 2275, 141 L.Ed.2d 662 (1998)). The proper Title VII analysis "will filter out complaints attacking the ordinary tribulations of the workplace, such as the sporadic use of abusive language, gender-related jokes, and occasional teasing." Faragher, 524 U.S. at 788, 118 S.Ct. 2275 (internal quotation marks and citation omitted).
Chhim vaguely alleges that his "Latino female" coworkers "continued making racist statements after four to five time complaining to [his supervisor]." Complaint, at 5. He further alleges his "supervisor," Elsayed, "participated in the harassment with Latino female employees by laughing at the jokes activities," "did not take Plaintiff's complaints seriously and did not document the complaints or relay them to the Human Resources Department as required by law," and "began writing him up for minor infractions" after Chhim complained about his coworkers "discriminatory conduct." Id. Chhim does not allege any further details regarding the severity or pervasiveness of the alleged "harassment." Nor does he clarify how the putative harassment affected a term, condition, or privilege of employment. Instead, Chhim summarily recites the elements of a hostile work environment claim and asserts that "he received false denigrating and insulting verbal assignment and physical conduct toward him" and that he suffered "harassment [that] was sufficiently severe, persistent[,] and pervasive and affected a term or condition of his employment." Id. Chhim's vague
Chhim requests leave to amend his Complaint. Response, at 21. When a plaintiff's complaint fails to state a claim, the court should generally give the plaintiff at least one chance to amend under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 15(a) before dismissing the action with prejudice. See Great Plains Tr. Co. v. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter & Co., 313 F.3d 305, 329 (5th Cir.2002). "The court may deny leave to amend, however, if the defects are incurable or the plaintiffs have already alleged their best case." Pierce v. Hearne Indep. Sch. Dist., 600 Fed.Appx. 194, 200 (5th Cir.2015) (per curiam) (citing Great Plains Tr. Co., 313 F.3d at 329; Bazrowx v. Scott, 136 F.3d 1053, 1054 (5th Cir. 1998)). Leave to amend is unwarranted regarding Plaintiff's ADEA claims against the University, which are barred by the Eleventh Amendment, and Plaintiff's retaliation claim to the extent that he failed to administratively exhaust this claim. The Court otherwise grants Plaintiff Chhim leave to file an amended complaint by
Based on the foregoing, the Court concludes that all of Plaintiff's claims are subject to dismissal under either Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 12(b)(1) or Rule 12(b)(6). Because Plaintiff's ADEA claims against the University are barred by the Eleventh Amendment, the Court denies Plaintiff leave to amend these claims. The Court also denies Plaintiff leave to amend his retaliation claim to the extent that Plaintiff failed to administratively exhaust this claim. For Plaintiff's remaining claims, Plaintiff may file an amended complaint by