ORME, Judge:
¶ 1 David and Rosemary Olsen, Dianne and William Newland, and Rick Margolis (collectively, Landowners) appeal from a district court order dismissing their complaint as untimely under section 10-9a-801 of the Utah Code. We reverse and remand for consideration of the merits of Landowners' complaint.
¶ 2 Landowners seek to challenge the adoption of Park City Ordinance 10-08 (the Ordinance). The Ordinance approved the creation of a subdivision and combined three separate properties into a single lot. Landowners claim that this combining of parcels adversely affects their property interests, and they have opposed the Ordinance since it was first proposed.
¶ 3 On February 25, 2010, the Park City Council passed the Ordinance after a public hearing. The Ordinance was subsequently signed by the mayor, attested by the city recorder, and approved as to form by the city attorney. The Ordinance stated that it "shall take effect upon publication," and it was published on March 3, 2010.
¶ 4 On March 31, 2010, Landowners filed a complaint in the district court challenging the Ordinance. However, Landowners did not serve the complaint on Park City Municipal Corporation (the City) until December 8, 2010. The district court dismissed Landowners' complaint without prejudice on July 12, 2011, for failure to timely serve process under rule 4 of the Utah Rules of Civil Procedure. See Utah R. Civ. P. 4(b). Pursuant to the Savings Statute, see Utah Code Ann. § 78B-2-111(1) (LexisNexis 2012),
¶ 5 The district court granted the City's motion to dismiss. It held that the Savings Statute only provides the right to commence a new action if the original action was "timely filed." See id. The court concluded that the Landowners' original complaint was not timely filed under the Municipal Land Use, Development, and Management Act (MLUDMA). See id. § 10-9a-801(5) ("[A] challenge to the enactment of a land use ordinance or general plan may not be filed with the district court more than 30 days after the enactment."). The district court held that the term "enactment" as it appears in subsection 801(5) of MLUDMA "is not ambiguous and refers to the date the Ordinance was passed and adopted by the City Council." Because Landowners filed their original complaint more than thirty days after the City Council's passage of the Ordinance, the district court dismissed their complaint as untimely filed. Landowners now appeal.
¶ 6 Landowners challenge the district court's interpretation of MLUDMA's filing requirements. "A challenge to statutory construction raises a question of law that we review for correctness," affording the district court no deference. See Stampin' Up, Inc. v. Labor Comm'n, 2011 UT App 147, ¶ 7, 256 P.3d 250.
¶ 7 MLUDMA establishes the time allowed to file challenges to local land use decisions in district court. See Utah Code Ann. § 10-9a-801 (LexisNexis 2012). Specifically, subsection 801(5) of MLUDMA indicates that "a challenge to the enactment of a land use ordinance or general plan may not be filed with the district court more than 30 days after the enactment." Id. § 10-9a-801(5) (emphasis added).
¶ 9 The definition of "enactment" is "the act or action of enacting: passing." Webster's Third New International Dictionary 745 (1993). Although "pass" can be regarded as a synonym of "enact," in actuality to "pass" means to "secure the allowance or approval of a legislature or other body that has power to sanction or reject a bill or proposal," id. at 1649, while to "enact" means "to establish by legal and authoritative act: make into law; [especially] to perform the last act of legislation upon (a bill) that gives the validity of law," id. at 745. Thus, while "passage" is an important step in "enactment," passage alone was not enough in this case to give the Ordinance "the validity of law." See id.
¶ 10 Based on a plain reading of the statute, in conjunction with a plain reading of the Ordinance, we conclude that in this case publication is the required final step in the enactment of the Ordinance. Indeed, the Ordinance expressly stated that it would "take effect upon publication." Thus, while passage by the city council was a necessary and pivotal step in the enactment of the Ordinance, it was not the final step that made the Ordinance effective and enforceable as law. After passage of the Ordinance by the City Council, there were still a number of necessary conditions before the Ordinance would become effective: signature by the mayor, attestation by the city recorder, approval as to form by the city attorney, and publication. In fact, had the Ordinance never been published, it would never have come into effect and never would have had the force of law. It is illogical to think of an ordinance that has been passed, but has never become enforceable, as having been enacted. Because Landowners filed their original complaint within thirty days of the March 3, 2010 publication of the Ordinance, the last step necessary for its enactment, we conclude that their complaint was timely filed.
¶ 11 The Utah Supreme Court recently reached an analogous conclusion in Perez v. South Jordan City, 2013 UT 1, 296 P.3d 715. In Perez, the petitioner sought to challenge a municipal appeal board's decision. Id. ¶ 1. The Utah Municipal Code required that a petition for review "be filed `within 30 days after the issuance of the final action or order of the appeal board.'" Id. ¶ 10 (emphasis added) (quoting Utah Code § 10-3-1106(6)(a),(b)). The key question in Perez, as here, was what action triggered the thirty-day limitations period. See id. On appeal, this court determined that the appeal board's order was "issued" as of the date "on its face." Perez v. South Jordan City, 2011 UT App 430, ¶ 4, 268 P.3d 877 (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). But the Utah Supreme Court reversed, concluding that "issuance" was not complete until the city recorder had certified the order as required by statute. Perez, 2013 UT 1, ¶¶ 8, 11, 296 P.3d 715 (noting that the municipal code required a decision of the municipal appeal board to be certified to the city recorder before it could be final).
¶ 12 In reaching that conclusion, the Supreme Court looked to "rules and cases governing
Id. Likewise, in construing the word "enactment" in terms of finality and notice to the public, we adhere to these core policies and emphasize the need for uniform, easy-to-follow guidelines in the context of limitations periods. Perez created a sound template for such uniform guidelines in holding that time standards for appeals must include both (1) "a clearly marked trigger date for the appeal period" and (2) "a mechanism for issuance of the decision to the public." Id. ¶ 26. Our holding today meets these guidelines in guaranteeing, through the Ordinance's publication, both a clearly marked trigger date and recognition of the importance of the City's own chosen mechanism for giving notice to the public.
¶ 13 The plain meaning of the term "enactment" encompasses all necessary steps to give an ordinance the validity of law, i.e., to enact it into law. The Ordinance was not enacted until, by the terms of the procedures adopted by the City, it was passed by the city council, signed by the mayor, attested by the city recorder, approved as to form by the city attorney, and published. Consequently, Landowners' original complaint filed in the district court was timely. Accordingly, we reverse the district court's ruling to the contrary and remand for consideration of the merits of Landowners' challenge to the Ordinance.