Findings Of Fact Petitioner R. G. Furniture is in the business of manufacturing and selling extruded aluminum patio furniture. Petitioner is owned by Robert L. Gass, Jr., who was also the owner of the real estate which Petitioner occupies as a tenant. For purposes of this administrative proceeding and for purposes of relocation assistance benefits, the parties have stipulated that R. G. Furniture, Medallion Furniture, Mar-Tec Furniture, R. G. Cushion Co., Robert L. Gass, Jr., and all other related entities, corporations, or persons shall be treated as one party so that there will be no duplicity of claims made or of benefits paid. The patio furniture, umbrellas, and related items are both sold and manufactured by Petitioner on-site. Straight tubes of aluminum are cut to size, bent into shape, welded, finished, and electrostatically painted. Strapping is then applied, and the furniture is then fitted with custom-made cushions. After this process is completed, the furniture is shipped to the customer or sold on the showroom floor. The furniture moves through the system on an overhead conveyor through each stage of the fabrication process. The paint system is extremely complex and critical to the operation of the plant. As the furniture goes through the paint machine, a dry, powdered paint is applied through an electrostatic process which bonds positive and negative charges, after which the dry paint is melted in an oven and cured. Gass was the fee owner of the real property on which Petitioner, a company owned by him, operates. On September 3, 1987, the Department notified Gass that his real property was needed for a new highway, I-595 in Broward County, Florida. The project requiring acquisition of the real property and the relocation of Petitioner is a federally-funded highway construction project. The September 3, 1987, letter also notified Gass of a prenegotiation meeting. Pursuant to a contract with the Department, employees of Kaiser Engineers were responsible for both the acquisition of real property and relocation of personal property of businesses and persons being displaced by the I-595 project. Their duties included advising displacees regarding their rights, negotiating settlements, and approving payment of claims. Some of Kaiser's employees are involved with acquisition (acquiring ownership of real property) and different employees are responsible for relocation assistance (relocating personal property). An appraisal of the land and improvements at the manufacturing site was performed on behalf of the Department. The Department's real estate appraiser called in a machinery and equipment appraiser to estimate the then-current replacement cost new, market value in-place, and salvage value of certain "immovable business fixtures and special purpose process systems". That appraisal was performed by Gary Maehl as of December 19, 1987. The appraisal prepared by Maehl for Kaiser Engineers contained 20 categories/items, consisting primarily of the painting machinery and the assembly line. Although the cover sheet to Maehl's full report is entitled "Immoveable Business Fixtures and Special Purpose Process Systems," there is no evidence that Gass ever saw more of the report than the 3-page listing of the 20 items which was entitled "Inventory." The components of the 20 categories/items are all movable. They are either freestanding or are attached to the building by nuts and bolts. Seventeen of the 20 items are easily movable. The component parts of the painting system and assembly line are bolted together. Those parts are bought and sold new and used on the open market. Even the freight elevator is movable. At all times material hereto, Gass has intended to continue in the furniture manufacturing business at a replacement site. It is not disputed that the painting machinery and assembly line are necessary to the operation of the furniture factory. Gass began receiving correspondence and informational packets from Kaiser Engineers regarding various relocation benefits to which he and his businesses would be entitled as eligible displacees. By March 9, 1988, Gass had been notified of his company's eligibility for relocation benefits, and negotiations for the acquisition of his real property had begun. Using its standard form Right-Of-Way Purchase Agreement, the Department made a written offer to Gass to acquire his property, one of the largest properties involved in the I-595 project. Gass, through his attorney, rejected that offer. One of Gass' concerns involved the "down time" he would incur in his business if he were required to disassemble, move, reassemble and install his assembly line and painting system process. The disassembly, moving, reassembly, and installation would take from 3 to 6 months, or more, essentially putting him out of business for an extended period of time. One of the relocation benefits for which a displaced business may be eligible involves the concept of substitute personal property. Under that concept, a business may purchase new equipment and machinery, such as an assembly line or specialized process, and have it fully installed and operational before relocating the business. At that time, the old machinery and equipment is shut down, and the business moves to the relocation site ready to continue production with its operational replacement equipment. In that manner, a business suffers only the disruption involved in the physical move of its other personal property and its employees. It was important to Gass that he have a replacement assembly line and painting system process operational before moving to the relocation site. On August 22, 1988, Gass entered into a Right-Of-Way Purchase Agreement with the Department to which was attached an Addendum required by him. The Addendum was specifically incorporated by reference. The Agreement also required a higher purchase price than the Department's first offer to Gass. Although the Department contends that the Agreement is used only to purchase real property, paragraph III. (c) of the Department's standard form agreement contains the following language: "All personal property included in the purchase price shall be delivered to PURCHASER in the same condition existing as of the date of this agreement." The Addendum also contained, in part, the following language: Seller shall retain title to all movable items and all items of personal property not identified as fixtures in the attached Exhibit "A". Seller retains his right to relocation benefits under the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970, as amended, and PURCHASER agrees to pay said benefits upon receipts [sic] of appropriate application from Seller. Exhibit "A" was the listing of 20 items prepared by appraiser Gary Maehl. The total purchase price for the land, improvements thereon, and the 20 items on the Maehl inventory was $3,985,000. The parties to the Agreement added a footnote to specify that the total purchase price included all costs and attorneys fees in settlement in lieu of condemnation. Terry E. Morris, the land acquisition director of Kaiser Engineers, who personally handled the acquisition of the manufacturing site since the parcel was one of the largest properties involved in the project, designated $477,000 of the purchase price to be for the items listed on the Maehl inventory. This figure represents their depreciated value in-place. Gass netted $88,000 from the transaction. Although R. G. Furniture has not yet moved to its replacement site, Gass made application to the Department for relocation benefits to purchase replacement items for the items contained in the Maehl inventory, primarily those items needed to begin assembling and installing a new assembly line and painting system process. The Department's denial of that claim is the subject of this proceeding. Although relocation benefits are usually not payable prior to the relocation, except in cases of justified hardship, the concept of substitute personal property would embody payment prior to relocation, and the parties have stipulated that the issue of eligibility regarding the items listed in the Maehl inventory only is ripe for adjudication. The relocation benefit involving substitute personal property is computed using two different formulas. One of those formulas contemplates that the property being replaced will be sold, and the sales price will be deducted from the cost of purchasing and installing the replacement equipment. There is no prohibition against the Department being the purchaser of the property which is being replaced. Petitioner is an eligible displacee. It is an on-going business being displaced as a result of a federally-funded highway project. All of the items listed in Maehl's inventory are items of personal property. Petitioner is entitled to relocation benefits for substitute personal property for those items. At the time of the final hearing in this cause, the cost of substitute items including installation at the replacement site was $752,900. The estimated cost of moving and reinstalling the replaced items, with no allowance for storage, is $494,100.
Recommendation Based upon the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that a Final Order be entered finding Petitioner entitled to relocation benefits for substitute personal property and paying Petitioner the sum of $275,900 as partial payment of the relocation benefits to which Petitioner is entitled. DONE and ENTERED this 12th day of September, 1991, at Tallahassee, Florida. LINDA M. RIGOT Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 12th day of September, 1991. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER Petitioner's second through fourth, eleventh, and twelfth unnumbered paragraphs have been adopted either verbatim or in substance in this Recommended Order. Petitioner's first, fifth through tenth, and thirteenth through eighteenth unnumbered paragraphs have been rejected as not constituting findings of fact but rather as constituting conclusions of law, argument of counsel, or recitation of the testimony. Respondent's proposed findings of fact numbered 1, 2, 4-8, and 10-13 have been adopted either verbatim or in substance in this Recommended Order. Respondent's proposed findings of fact numbered 3, 9, 14, 15, 19, 20, 23, and 24 have been rejected as not constituting findings of fact but rather as constituting conclusions of law, argument of counsel, or recitation of the testimony. Respondent's proposed findings of fact numbered 17, 18, 21, and 22 have been rejected as not being supported by the weight of credible evidence in this cause. Respondent's proposed findings of fact numbered 16 and 25 have been rejected as being unnecessary for determination of the issues herein. COPIES FURNISHED: Ben G. Watts, Secretary Florida Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building 605 Suwannee Street, M.S. #58 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 Attn: Eleanor F. Turner Charles G. Gardner Assistant General Counsel Florida Department of Transportation 605 Suwannee Street, M.S. #58 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 J. Philip Landsman, Esquire Margaret Z. Villella, Esquire Platt, Haas & Landsman, P.A. Broward Financial Centre 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1850 Ft. Lauderdale, Florida 33394
Findings Of Fact Respondents are James Brown and Bianca Brown, his wife. At all times pertinent to these proceedings, Respondents were owners of the mobile home park known as "Carefree Cove Club" located in Hypoluxo, Florida. They have owned the park since 1957. On or about December 28, 1984, Respondents, as operators of the park, filed a prospectus with Petitioner as required by Section 723.011, Florida Statutes. Petitioner approved the prospectus on March 27, 1985. At that time, 195 lots were being offered in the park for lease or rent. The number of lots and approximate sizes were set forth in the prospectus. The prospectus was delivered by Respondents to tenants shortly after notice of approval was received from Petitioner. On or about June 5, 1986, Respondents, pursuant to Chapter 723, Florida Statutes, sent a notice of eviction to tenants residing in the park. The park took no new tenants and was virtually closed after January 1, 1987. Most of the tenants had voluntarily vacated the park with exception of four residents by December 1, 1987. On December 16, 1987, Respondents forwarded notices to the remaining four tenants of an intent to impose "pass through" charges resulting from the park's increased real property taxes. Provision for "pass through" of such charges is made in the prospectus. The taxes which were the subject of the "pass through" were levied on three parcels of property belonging to Respondents. All of the parcels are contiguous. Two of the parcels are divided into lots and are a part of the park as described in the prospectus. The record is unclear as to whether the third parcel was completely or partially platted into lots, but it is established that this property, while not explicitly described in the prospectus, was used for recreational purposes by tenants and parking of recreational vehicles. Further, the property was landscaped and is found to be a part of the park. Respondents' intention to pass the increase in property taxes on to the tenants was consistent with the prospectus and Respondents' previous practice in 1986, when a refund was given to park tenants as the result of a property tax reduction. Respondents' subsequently abandoned their intention, however, and no "pass through" charges were collected from the tenants. Currently, no mobile home tenants reside in the park. Items, including real estate taxes, normally considered as "pass through" charges were customarily included in rental charges to tenants prior to June 4, 1984, as "operating expenses" and not otherwise denominated on rental documents. After the legislative enactment creating Chapter 723, Florida Statutes, Respondent prepared the prospectus which sets forth separate "pass through" charges. Respondents experienced periodic episodes of vandalism of the facilities of the park as the number of residents decreased in 1987. The tenants maintained alternate residences in the northern part of the United States and none were in residence at the park in the summer of 1987, when Respondents locked the clubhouse to prevent vandalism of the facility. As the tenants returned, each of them were informed that a key and access to the clubhouse was available upon request. A written notice dated March 24, 1988, codifying this policy, was sent to club members by Respondents. Closure of the facility by Respondents was in accordance with the prospectus previously distributed to the tenants. The prospectus notes that the facility's hours are from 9:00 a.m. to 9:30 p.m., and that it may be closed earlier if there are no activities. Use of the facility for all activities and all meetings requires advance reservation and written approval of the club management. It is the position of Petitioner that Section 723.002, Florida Statutes, requires the application of the provisions of Chapter 723 to Respondents' park although less than 10 lots were rented or available for rent at the time of Respondents' alleged offenses. Petitioner's policy is that mobile home parks operating under provisions of Chapter 723, Florida Statutes, and having 10 or more lots offered for rent or lease when the tenancy is created, continue to be governed under those statutory provisions as to that tenancy even when the total number of tenants becomes less than the statute's threshold of 10 tenancies. Petitioner's policy also consistently holds that tenancies created prior to the enactment of Chapter 723 in June of 1984, and consequently prior to the requirement of an approved prospectus, continue to be governed for the remainder of the term of that tenancy by the previous understanding or custom established by the rental agreement between tenant and landlord and applicable provisions of law existing at the inception of the agreement.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing findings of fact and conclusions of law, it is RECOMMENDED that a final order be entered dismissing the charges set forth in the Notice To Show Cause. DONE AND ENTERED this 11th day of October, 1988, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. DON W. DAVIS Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The Oakland Building 2009 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 11th day of October, 1988. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER, CASE NO. 88-2549 The following constitutes my specific rulings, in accordance with section 120.59, Florida Statutes, on findings of fact submitted by the parties. PETITIONER'S PROPOSED FINDINGS 1.-3. Addressed with the exception of the last sentence of finding number three, which is unnecessary to conclusion reached. 4.-5. Addressed. Addressed in part, remainder unnecessary to result reached. Addressed. Addressed in part, remainder unnecessary to result. Addressed. 10 Addressed. RESPONDENTS' PROPOSED FINDINGS Respondents' findings consisted of five unnumbered paragraphs. Numbers 1 through 5 have been assigned to those paragraphs and they are treated as follows: 1.-2. Addressed. Addressed in part. Remainder unnecessary. Addressed. Addressed. COPIES FURNISHED: Debra Roberts, Esquire Department of Business Regulation 725 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1007 Alan S. Zangen, Esquire 1601 Belvedere Road, Suite 112 West Palm Beach, Florida 33406 Joseph A. Sole, Esquire General Counsel Department of Business Regulation The Johns Building 725 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1000 E. James Kearney Director Division of Florida Land Sales, Condominiums and Mobile Homes Department of Business Regulation The Johns Building 725 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1000 Van B. Poole Secretary Department of Business Regulation The Johns Building 725 South Bronough Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1000
The Issue Whether the Petitioner is eligible for relocation assistance benefits pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 4601 et seq. (P.L. 91-646) and the Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition Policies Act of 1970.
Recommendation Application for relocation assistance benefits by Mrs. Marie Lewis Mims be denied. DONE and ORDERED this 14th day of December, 1976 in Tallahassee, Florida. DELPHENE C. STRICKLAND Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 530, Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: William Guy Davis, Jr., Esquire 700 Brent Building Post Office Box 12950 Pensacola, Florida 32576 George L. Waas, Esquire Office of Legal Operations Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Joseph A. Alfes Chief of Right-of-Way Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304
The Issue Whether Petitioner is entitled to reimbursement for expenses incurred in relocating and reestablishment of his small business pursuant to section 421.55, Florida Statutes (2009),1/ as implemented by Florida Administrative Code Rule 14-66.007, which, in turn, incorporates by reference the provisions of 49 Code of Federal Regulations Part 24, Uniform Relocation Assistance and Real Property Acquisition for Federal and Federally-Assisted Programs (effective October 1, 2006),2/ and the Florida Department of Transportation Right of Way Manual 9.3.15, and, if Petitioner is entitled to reimbursement, the amount owed to him.
Findings Of Fact Based on the evidence and witnesses' testimony, the undersigned found the following facts: The Department is the state agency that has responsibility for paying certain relocation and reestablishment expenses of businesses that have been displaced because of a public transportation project. See § 421.55, Fla. Stat. Sometime in 1999 to 2000, Mr. Carey purchased eight rental units in Hillsborough County, Florida, as an investment property. Mr. Carey managed the rental property and testified that he would advertise vacancies through "word of mouth." The record shows that these rental units were rented weekly and included written and verbal leases. In 2005, the Department informed Mr. Carey that his rental property would be subject of an eminent domain taking and informed Mr. Carey about the law authorizing the Department to pay certain expenses in relocating and reestablishing a small business. On December 6, 2005, Mr. Carey filled out a Business Survey Questionnaire for the Department, stating his desire to relocate his rental business. The Department acquired Mr. Carey's property on April 18, 2009. By mid July 2009, Mr. Carey contacted Mr. Nappi to determine whether or not he was still eligible to receive relocation and reestablishment reimbursement for his small business. Mr. Nappi determined that Mr. Carey remained eligible to apply for reimbursement and informed him of that fact. On August 28, 2009, Mr. Carey purchased a replacement property located at 19002 Apian Way, Lutz, Florida, for $300,000.00. The replacement property contained a house that had been the homestead property of the prior owner. Mr. Carey credibly testified that the purpose of purchasing this replacement property was "to get back into the rental business" and that he advertised the replacement property for rent by "word of mouth." Receipts introduced into evidence show that Mr. Carey began making repairs and purchasing materials as early as the first week in September. Mr. Carey testified, on cross-examination, that he could not remember the exact date when he listed the replacement property for sale, or the exact date when he entered into a contract for the sale of the replacement property. Mr. Carey testified that he would speculate that the contract for sale of the replacement property occurred in early October 2009. On October 15, 2009, Mr. Nappi went to the replacement property with Mr. Carey to review the work that Mr. Carey had already begun on the replacement property and to discuss the expenses eligible for reimbursement. In reviewing Mr. Carey's claimed expenses, Mr. Nappi found that the following expenses would be eligible for reimbursement: (1) the drywall work detailed in Exhibit A; (2) $561.00 worth of the receipts of materials purchased from Home Depot; and (3) the painting expenses detailed in Exhibit C. Mr. Nappi also testified that in reviewing the claimed expenses that Mr. Carey would be eligible for reimbursement of a portion of the replacement property's ad valorem taxes. According to Mr. Nappi, Mr. Carey would have been eligible to receive the difference of the amount of the property taxes between the acquired property and the replacement property in the amount of $849.56. The only expenses that Mr. Nappi identified as not being reasonable were for hauling away yard waste contained in Exhibit D. According to Mr. Nappi, the Department questioned the amount of the charges and determined that an appropriate amount would be $1,200.00 as opposed to the $2,450.00 sought by Mr. Carey. Consequently, the majority of the expenses claimed by Mr. Carey were eligible items for reimbursement. On November 4, 2009, the Department sent Mr. Carey a letter denying his eligibility to receive reimbursement for expenses in relocating and reestablishing his small rental business. The Department denied Mr. Carey's eligibility because the updated TRIM notice for the property tax, that Mr. Carey provided the Department, showed the replacement property was homestead property. Because the replacement property was homestead, the Department reasoned that Mr. Carey had not reestablished a small business. Mr. Carey informed Mr. Nappi that the replacement property was not homestead property and that the TRIM notice was wrong. In response, on November 9, 2009, Mr. Nappi wrote the Hillsborough County Tax Collector to determine whether or not Mr. Carey's replacement property was homestead property. On November 23, 2009, while the Department waited for a response from the Hillsborough County Tax Collector, Mr. Carey closed on the sale of the replacement property for $332,500.00. Mr. Carey did not inform the Department that the replacement property had been sold. In February 2010, the Hillsborough County Tax Collector informed the Department that the replacement property was not homestead. Also, the Department learned for the first time that Mr. Carey had sold the replacement property. After learning that Mr. Carey had sold the replacement property, Mr. Nappi contacted his supervisor Elbert Johnson (Mr. Johnson). Mr. Nappi informed Mr. Johnson that "it did not appear that the reestablishment status of the landlord had been in fact established[,]" and the claim would be denied. Mr. Nappi testified the Department attempted to determine whether or not Mr. Carey had reestablished his rental business by examining Mr. Carey's efforts to rent the replacement property. Mr. Nappi directed a right-of-way specialist for the Department to contact realtors, who were associated with the property, to determine if Mr. Carey had listed the property for rent; to contact the local newspaper to learn if the property had been advertised for rent; and to conduct an internet search of the property. According to Mr. Nappi, the realtor indicated that she was not aware of whether or not Mr. Carey listed the property for rent and learned nothing from the newspaper or internet search. Mr. Nappi admitted that the Department did not contact Mr. Carey to ask him about his efforts to rent the property. The Department did not contact Mr. Carey or ask him to provide any information about his efforts to rent the property. Consequently, the Department did not have before it any information concerning Mr. Carey's efforts as to "word of mouth" advertising of the property. Mr. Knight, the state administrator of Relocation Assistance, testified that asking Mr. Carey about his efforts to rent the property would have been helpful information to have in considering the reimbursement. However, Mr. Knight acknowledged that Mr. Carey's selling of the home prior to determination of whether or not he was entitled to reimbursement made the issue moot. In the Department's estimation, Mr. Carey had simply "flipped a house" and had not reestablished his business. On March 25, 2010, the Department informed Mr. Carey that it was denying his application for reimbursement because he was not eligible because he had not reestablished his small rental business at the replacement property.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Transportation enter a final order affirming its denial of Mr. Carey's application for reimbursement of reestablishment expenses. DONE AND ENTERED this 28th day of February, 2011, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. S THOMAS P. CRAPPS Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 28th day of February, 2011.
The Issue The issue in these cases is whether a land development regulation adopted as City of Key West Ordinance 98-31, and approved by a Final Order of the Department of Community Affairs, DCA Docket No. DCA98-OR-237, is consistent with the Principles for Guiding Development for the City of Key West Area of Critical State Concern set forth in Rule 28-36.003(1), Florida Administrative Code.
Findings Of Fact The Parties. All of the Petitioners in Case No. 99-0666GM, except Neal Hirsh and Property Management of Key West, Inc. (hereinafter referred to as the "Abbe Petitioners"), are all involved in the rental of real property in Key West, Monroe County, Florida. No evidence was presented concerning the identity of Mr. Hirsh or Property Management of Key West, Inc. The Abbe Petitioners are involved in the rental of Key West real property as owners or as rental managers of residential properties which are rented to tourists for periods of less than 30 days or one calendar month (hereinafter referred to as "Transient Rentals). None of the properties used as Transient Rentals by the Abbe Petitioners constitute the Abbe Petitioners' primary residences. Petitioner in Case No. 99-0667GM, Jerry Coleman, owns residential property located in Key West. Mr. Coleman rents the residential property owned by him to tourists for periods of less than 30 days or one calendar month. Mr. Coleman also resides in Key West. Petitioner in Case No. 99-1081DRI, John F. Rooney, failed to present any evidence in support of his case or his standing. Respondent, the Department of Community Affairs (hereinafter referred to as the "Department"), is an agency of the State of Florida. The Department is charged with responsibility for, among other things, the approval or rejection of the comprehensive growth management plan, plan amendments, and land development regulations adopted by the City of Key West. Intervenor, the City of Key West (hereinafter referred to as the "City"), is a political subdivision of the State of Florida. Consistent with the requirements of Part II, Chapter 163, Florida Statutes, the City has adopted a comprehensive growth management plan, the City of Key West Comprehensive Plan (hereinafter referred to as the "City's Plan"). The City's Plan became effective in 1993. The City's Plan consists of twelve elements: (a) Land Use; (b) Historic Preservation; (c) Traffic Circulation; (d) Housing; (e) Public Facilities; (f) Coastal Management; (g) Port Facilities; (h) Conservation; (i) Open Space and Recreation; (j) Intergovernmental Coordination; (k) Capital Improvements; and (l) General Monitoring and Review. Data Inventory and Analysis in support of the City's Plan was compiled by the City. The City has been designated as an area of critical state concern (hereinafter referred to as the "City ACSC"), pursuant to Sections 380.05 and 380.0552, Florida Statutes, since 1974. Rule 28-36.001, et seq., Florida Administrative Code. As an area of critical state concern, all comprehensive plan amendments and land development regulations adopted by the City must be reviewed by the Department for consistency with the Principles for Guiding Development (hereinafter referred to as the "Principles"), set out in Rule 28-36.003(1), Florida Administrative Code. The Principles were adopted by the Governor and Cabinet, sitting as the Administration Commission, in February 1984. Intervenors, Henry and Martha duPont, reside at 326 Whitehead Street, Key West, Florida. The duPonts reside in an area known as the "Truman Annex." The properties on both sides of the duPonts' residence are used as Transient Rentals. Key West History and Tourism. The City is located primarily on the southern-most bridged island of the Florida Keys, a chain of islands, or keys, which run in a generally southwesterly direction from the southeastern tip of the Florida peninsula. The City, like the Florida Keys, is bounded on the west by the Gulf of Mexico and on the east by the Atlantic Ocean. The City is connected to the Florida peninsula by a series of bridges which connect the keys. The road which runs the length of the Florida Keys is designated U. S. Highway 1. It is approximately 112 miles from the Florida mainland to the City. Prior to the early 1970s, the two most significant components of the City's economy were commercial fishing and the military. Tourism also played a role, but not to the extent that it does today. Toward the middle and end of the 1970s the military presence in the City was significantly reduced and the fishing industry was on the decline. To replace the fading fishing and the lost military components of the City's economy, the City turned to tourism. The City's efforts began in earnest during the 1980s and have continued through the present. The City is now a major tourist destination. The City's most attractive features include its historic character, especially the area of the City designated as "Old Town," its warm climate, its extensive shoreline, and its water resources, including coral reef systems. Approximately two-thirds of the City's economic base is now associated with tourism. While the City shares many of the characteristics of most tourist-resort destinations, it also features certain unique characteristics not found in other destinations. Those features include its geographic remoteness and its limited size. The island where the City is principally located is only approximately eight square miles. Currently, approximately 6.82 million tourists visit the City annually. Approximately 62 percent, or 4.25 million visitors, stay overnight in the City. Approximately 480,000 tourists, or about 11 percent of the overnight guests, stay in Transient Rentals. Tourism in the City represents, directly and indirectly, approximately 66 percent of the economic base of the City. The City's economy in turn represents approximately half of the economy of Monroe County. Approximately 15,000 of the 23,000 jobs in Monroe County and Key West are associated with the tourist industry. Of those jobs, 54 percent of all retail sales jobs are involved in the tourist industry. Approximately 50 percent of the estimated $187 million of Monroe County-wide personal income comes from the tourist industry. The tourist industry should continue to prosper in the City as long as the natural environmental characteristics of the City (the climate, surrounding waters, and tropical features of the Keys) and the unique historical and "community" character of the City remain vibrant. It is the natural environment, the climate, and local community character in combination with the historical and cultural attractions of the City that create a diverse mix of attractions which make the City a unique vacation destination. The City's mixture of attractions must be served by a mixture of tourist accommodation services, including hotels, motels, guest houses, and Transient Rentals. Those accommodations are currently available. There are approximately 3,768 hotel/motel rooms available in the City. There are also approximately 507 residential properties with 906 units which are licensed as Transient Rentals in the City and approximately 647 unlicensed residential properties used for Transient Rentals. The loss of the availability of unlicensed Transient Rentals will not have a lasting adverse impact on tourism in the City. The City's Plan recognizes the importance of tourism. Objective 1-1.3, "Planning for Industrial Development and Economic Base," of the land use element of the City's Plan provides, in pertinent part, the following: . . . . Tourism is the most significant component of the City of Key West economic base. The City of Key West is a major tourist destination. It's principal attributes are its historic character, warm climate, extensive shoreline, water resources, the coral reef system, abundant water related and water-dependent activities, and the ambiance of Old Town. The historic district contains many old structures which do not comply with the City's size and dimension regulations since many structures pre-date these local regulations. Realizing the significant contribution of Old Town, especially the unique character of its structures and their historic and architectural significance, and realizing the substantial impact of tourism to the economic base, the City shall direct considerable attention to its growth management decisions to maintaining the historic character of Old Town and preserving tourism as a major contributor to the City's economic base. Similarly, the City shall carefully consider supply and demand factors impacting tourism and the local economy to ensure the long term economic stability. The two policies adopted to implement Objective 1-1.3, Policies 1-1.3.1, "Mandatory Planning and Management Framework for Industrial Development," and Policy 1- 1.3.2, "Pursue Nuisance Abatement Standards and Criteria," provide for measures to deal with industrial development and not tourism. Reliance upon Objective 1-1.3 of the City's Plan by Petitioners' witnesses is misplaced. While the Objective does reflect the importance of tourism in the City, it does not provide any guidance concerning appropriate land uses which may be allowed throughout the City. There is no direction in the Objective concerning land uses which the City must maintain. Land uses are considered and dealt with in other provisions of the City's land use element. Additionally, the reliance upon Objective 1-1.3 of the City's Plan fails to give adequate weight to other provisions of the Plan. The Historic Significance of the City and "Old Town." The importance of the City's history is recognized throughout the Plan. Objective 1-1.3 of the City's Plan quoted, supra, points to the City's history and the role it plays in tourism. An area of the City has been designated as the Key West Historic District. The area is described in the Data Inventory and Analysis as the "physical manifestation of the 170 year existence of [the City]." Page 1A-11 of the Data Inventory and Analysis. Objective 1-2.3 of the Future Land Use Map Goal of the City's Plan deals with the importance of the Key West Historic District and an area which is largely located within the historic district known as "Old Town": OBJECTIVE 1-2.3: MANAGING OLD TOWN REDEVELOPMENT AND PRESERVATION OF HISTORIC RESOURCES. Areas delineated on the Future Land Use Map for historic preservation shall be planned and managed using a regulatory framework designed to preserve the form, function, image, and ambiance of the historic Old Town. The City's Historic Architectural Review Commission (HARC), in addition to the Planning Board, shall review all development proposals within the historic area designated by the National Register of Historic Places. The land development regulations shall be amended upon plan adoption to incorporate design guideline standards recently adopted by HARC. Development in any area of Old Town within and outside the HARC review area may impact the historic significance of Old Town. Any development plans for these areas shall be subjected to site plan review and shall be designed in a manner compatible with historic structures within the vicinity. While Objective 1-2.3 makes reference to the preservation of the "function" of Old Town, the Objective does not require that any particular "land use" which may exist in Old Town be preserved in perpetuity. The Objective and other provisions of the City's Plan addressing the historic significance of the City evidence a concern for the overall character of the area, not particular land uses. That character is described in, and adopted as part of, the Future Land Use Map of the City's Plan. See Policy 1-3.4.1 and Objective 1-3.4 of the City's Plan. Objective 1-1.5 of the Land Use element emphasizes the importance of maintaining and enhancing the appearance of gateway corridors into the City and the "major activiy centers such as Old Town." The Historic Preservation Element of the City's Plan, Chapter 1A, deals with historic resources, structures, and sites. No particular land use of these resources, structures, and sites, other than "housing," is mentioned. Throughout the history of the City, residents have to varying degrees rented their residences or parts of their residences on a short-term basis to tourists and other guests to the City. Most of the rentals involved the rental of portions of a residence while the owner of the property continued to reside in the rest of the property. Monroe County Commissioner Wilhelmina Harvey, Joe Crusoe, Robert Lastres, Vincent Catala, and Olivia Rowe, all long-term residents of the City, all testified about such rentals. The evidence failed to prove, however, that the types of rentals historically undertaken in the City constitute a part of the significant "history" of the City, at least not in the context of the historical significance of the City addressed in the City's Plan. Nor were the historical rentals testified to during hearing of the scale and scope of the rentals that now exist in the City. Additionally, to the extent that Transient Rentals are considered to be part of the significant "history" of the City, nothing in the land development regulation which is the subject of this proceeding absolutely prohibits such rentals. In fact, Transient Rentals of property for which a transient rental license has been obtained are not impacted by the land development regulation. Transient Rentals will, therefore, continue in the City. Nothing in the City's Plan dealing with the historical significance of the City requires that the City allow Transient Rentals of residential property to continue unregulated in the City. Regulation of the extent and location of Transient Rentals in the City does nothing to harm the historical significance of the City. In suggesting that Transient Rentals constitute part of the "history" of the City, and in particular, a part of the history of Old Town, the Abbe Petitioners have relied upon Policy 1-2.3.9, which provides, in part, the following: Policy 1-2.3.9: Retention of Historic Character and All Permanent Single Family Housing Units. The City desires to retain in perpetuity the existing character, density, and intensity of all historic sites and contributing sites within the historic district; and shall protect all the City's permanent single family housing stock citywide which was legally established prior to the adoption of the plan or a legal single family lot of record. Therefore, the City shall protect and preserve these resources against natural disaster, including fire, hurricane, or other natural or man-made disaster, by allowing any permanent single family units within the City, or other structures located on historic sites or contributing sites, which are so damaged to be rebuilt as they previously existed. . . . The reliance upon Policy 1-2.3.9 is misplaced. First, this Policy deals with all permanent single-family housing stock of the City and not just housing used for Transient Rentals. Secondly, the Policy does not provide for the protection of any particular use of single-family housing stock; it provides for the protection of the structures used as single-family housing. It recognizes the unique, historical construction of homes in the City and provides for their continued protection. The Impact of the City's Limited Land Mass and the City's Effort to Control Transient Rentals. As a relatively small island, the City has a limited land area and little opportunity for expansion without significantly altering the traditional character of the City. Because of the limited land area, maintaining adequate housing, including affordable housing, is a significant concern in the City. Residential property in the City has been used by tourists for accommodations for many years, long before the tourist boom now being experienced in the City. Transient uses of residential property were less organized and were less available than they are today, however. Often times, transient uses of residential property consisted of people renting out rooms in their residences to tourists. While the extent to which residential property has been used historically for tourist accommodations was not accurately quantified by the evidence, the evidence did establish that the use of residential property for Transient Rentals has significantly increased since the 1980s. As tourism has increased since the 1980s, there has been an increasing demand for tourist accommodations of all types. This demand for tourist accommodations, especially the demand for Transient Rentals, has adversely impacted the need and demand for residential housing in the City. In an effort to address the problem the Key West City Commission (hereinafter referred to as the "City Commission"), adopted a Growth Management Ordinance in 1985 mandating a ratio of Transient Rentals to residential units for the City. The intent of the 1985 Growth Management Ordinance was to maintain a suitable balance between tourist accommodations and housing for permanent residents of the City. In 1993 the City Commission adopted a dwelling unit allocation ordinance, or the "rate of growth ordinance," which was designed, at least in part, to achieve a balance between the demand for tourist accommodations and the need for permanent housing, including affordable housing. The 1993 rate of growth ordinance was subsequently incorporated into the City's Plan as Objective 1-3.12. Pursuant to the City's Plan, Transient Rentals are not to exceed 25 percent of single family units permitted annually. Note 2 to Policy 1-3.12.3 of the Plan provides that "[t]he number of transient units reflect a preference for preserving housing opportunities for permanent residents as opposed to transient residents since historical trends indicate an erosion of the permanent housing stock which is largely attributed to conversion of permanent housing units to transient housing." The City's Failure to Control Transient Rentals; The "50% Rule." In 1989, the City required that an occupational license be obtained by property owners using their property for both long-term rentals and Transient Rentals. These occupational licenses were not subject to review by the Department for consistency with the City's Plan and land development regulations. Occupational licenses are essentially a revenue raising requirement. The issuance of an occupational license does not constitute a zoning decision or otherwise constitute the approval of a land use. By the time the City adopted the 1993 rate of growth ordinance and the City's Plan, the number of occupational licenses issued for Transient Rentals had already exceeded the allocation of Transient Rentals which are allowable in the City. As a consequence, owners of residential property who desired to use their property for Transient Rental purposes have been unable to obtain an occupational license for such use. The lack of allowable Transient Rentals under the City's Plan did not, however, actually stop individuals from using their property for Transient Rentals. In addition to licensed Transient Rentals, there are approximately 647 unlicensed Transient Rental properties in the City. Properties owned by the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman are among these unlicensed Transient Rentals. The Abbe Petitioners who own Transient Rentals rather than manage them have occupational licenses issued by the State of Florida and Monroe County, but not a Transient Rental occupational license issued by the City. Mr. Coleman has a "nontransient" license issued by the City and occupational licenses issued by the State and Monroe County, but not a Transient Rental occupational license from the City. The number of unlicensed Transient Rental properties in the City has been contributed to, in part, by an interpretation of a former definition of "tourist and transient living accommodations" found in the City's land development regulations. The definition was adopted in 1986. Accommodations meeting this definition were prohibited in a number of zoning districts in the City. Accommodations which did not come within the definition were not prohibited in those districts. The 1986 definition of "tourist and transient living accommodations" (hereinafter referred to as the "Former Transient Definition"), was as follows: Tourist and transient living accommodations. Commercially operated housing principally available to short-term visitors for less than twenty-eight (28) days. Pursuant to this definition, any property used "principally" for visitors for less than 28 days constituted a tourist or transient living accommodation. There were some who advocated that the term "principally" meant that a residence had to be used as a 28-day short-term visitor accommodation for at least 50 percent of the year. Pursuant to this definition, any residence used at least 50 percent of the year for 28-day or less rentals is considered to constitute a "tourist and transient living accommodation." Conversely, if a residence was used less than 50 percent of the year for 28-day or less rental the property is not considered to constitute a tourist or transient living accommodation. This interpretation of the Former Transient Definition has been referred to as the "50% Rule." Pursuant to the 50% Rule, the owner of residential property in the City could rent the property for periods of less than 28 days without obtaining an occupational license for the property as long as the property was not rented more than half of the year. This rationale was assumed to apply regardless of where the property was located; even in land use districts where Transient Rentals were prohibited. The developer of Truman Annex, an area formerly owned by the Navy located to the immediate south of Old Town, advocated the 50% Rule in his dealings with the City in the early 1990s. The City's licensing department also issued "non- transient" licenses for residences which met the 50% Rule. Code enforcement citations against owners of residences used as Transient Rentals for less than 50 percent of the year without an occupational license were withdrawn. Despite the foregoing, the evidence at hearing in these cases failed to prove that the 50% Rule became an official "policy" of the City Commission. What the evidence proved was that the City took no action to adopt or reject the 50% Rule as an official position. The City simply failed to take any action to reject the 50% Rule and interpret the definition of tourist and transient living accommodations in a more reasonable manner. Given the City's efforts to limit Transient Rentals through the adoption of the 1985 Growth Management Ordinance, the 1993 rate of growth ordinance, and the City's Plan, it is clear, however, that reliance upon the 50% Rule is not reasonable. See findings of fact 39 through 45 of the Department of Community Affairs and City of Key West's Joint Proposed Recommended Order, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference. Finally, even if the 50% Rule did constitute the legislative intent of the City Commission in adopting the Former Transient Definition, it was eliminated by the City Commission in 1997 by the adoption of City Ordinance 97-20. City Ordinance 97-20 was adopted September 16, 1997, and was approved by Final Order of the Department dated November 19, 1997. The new definition of transient living accommodations adopted by City Ordinance 97-20, and still in effect today, is as follows: SECTION 5-21.2: DEFINITION OF TERMS TRANSIENT LIVING ACCOMMODATIONS. Any unit, group of units, dwelling, building, or group of buildings within a single complex of buildings, which is 1) rented for periods of less than 30 days or 1 calendar month, whichever is less; or which is 2) advertised or held out to the public as a place regularly rented to transients. (Emphasis added). The current definition of transient living accommodations has eliminated the reference to properties "principally" used as a Transient Rental. The new definition includes any residence rented for any period of time, even once a year, as long as the rental is for a period of less than 30 days or one calendar month, whichever is less. The Former Transient Definition and, consequently, the 50% Rule, was also superceded by the adoption of the City's Plan. The City recognized the foregoing history in the ordinance which is the subject of this proceeding. In rejecting the notion that the City had adopted the 50% Rule as City policy, the City stated the following in the ordinance: . . . . In 1986, the City enacted former zoning code Section 35.24(44) which provided the following definition of a transient living accommodation "Commercially operated housing principally available to short-term visitors for less than twenty-eight (28) days." (This definition shall hereinafter be referred to as the "Former Transient Definition.") Some property owners and developers interpreted the Former Transient Definition to mean that an owner could rent his or her residential dwelling for less than half the year without the dwelling losing its residential status, and therefore without the need for City-issued transient license . . . . This interpretation went unchallenged by the City. . . . . . . . Therefore, the City of Key West intends by these regulations to establish a uniform definition of transient living accommodations, and to halt the use of residences for transient purposes in order to preserve the residential character of neighborhoods. . . . Based upon the foregoing, any reliance by Petitioners in these cases upon the 50% Rule as City policy is rejected. The City's Adoption of Ordinance No. 98-31. During 1997 and 1998 the City conducted workshops and held public meetings to consider and develop an ordinance regulating Transient Rentals. The workshops were conducted by City staff and were attended by representatives of essentially all those interested in the Transient Rental issue. An effort was made to achieve consensus on the issue. During these workshops, the 50% Rule and the history of Transient Rentals in the City were fully considered. In addition to the workshops conducted by the City, the City hired Frank Pallini with PRG, Real Estate Research and Advisory Services, Clearwater, Florida, to conduct an analysis of the economic impact of an ordinance limiting Transient Rentals. The report prepared by Mr. Pallini (hereinafter referred to as the "Pallini Report"), was submitted to the City on August 28, 1998. The Pallini Report and, consequently, the negative economic impact of the ordinance at issue in this proceeding was fully considered by the City when it adopted the ordinance. On June 2, 1998, the City Commission adopted Ordinance 98-16, which amended the definition of "transient living accommodations" in the City's land development regulations. Unlicensed short-term Transient Rentals were expressly prohibited by Ordinance 98-16 with the exception of four specified City land use districts. Those districts, referred to during the hearing as "gated communities," are all single, contiguous zoning district areas of the City with controlled access and which are governed by homeowners' or condominium associations. Truman Annex was one of the four excluded gated communities. Ordinance 98-16 was found by the Department to be inconsistent with the Principles on July 29, 1998, by Final Order DCA98-OR-135. The Department concluded that Ordinance 98- 16 was inconsistent with the Principles because it allowed the use of residential property as Transient Rentals in areas where, according to the Department, such rentals were prohibited under the City's Plan. The City initially challenged the Department's decision, but subsequently withdrew its challenge. The City subsequently repealed Ordinance 98-16. On November 10, 1998, the City adopted Ordinance 98-31 (hereinafter referred to as the "Ordinance"), which is the subject of this proceeding. The Ordinance contains the same provisions, except the exception for gated communities, that had been contained in Ordinance 98-16. The Ordinance is a "land development regulation" as defined in Section 380.031(8), Florida Statutes. It is, therefore, subject to review for consistency with the Principles by the Department. During the process of adopting the Ordinance the City recognized the confusion that the 50% Rule had caused concerning the intent of the City's Plan with regard to Transient Rentals. The City expressly dealt with the 50% Rule and rejected it as policy of the City. In particular, the Ordinance provides that the City's purpose in enacting the Ordinance was to phase out unlicensed transient uses of residential properties in land use zoning districts in which they are not permitted. This goal is accomplished by further modifying the definition of "transient living accommodations" adopted in 1997 in Section 5-21.2 of the City's land development regulations: Sec. 5-21.2 Definition of terms. Transient Living Accommodations. Or Transient Lodging. Any unit, group of units, dwelling, building, or group of buildings within a single complex of buildings, which is 1) rented for a period or periods of less than 30 days or 1 calendar month, whichever is less; or which is 2) advertised or held out to the public as a place rented to regularly regularly rented to transients. , regardless of the occurrence of an actual rental. Such a short-term rental use of or within a single family dwelling, a two family dwelling or a multi-family dwelling (each also known as a "residential dwelling") shall be deemed a transient living accommodation. (Words struckstruck through were eliminated from the definition and underlined words were added). The Ordinance also adds Section 2-7.21 to the City's land development regulations explaining its action in modifying the definition of transient living accommodations and expressly prohibiting unlicensed Transient Rentals of less than 30 days or one calendar month, whichever is less. The Ordinance does not provide for a complete ban on Transient Rentals. On the contrary, Transient Rentals of properties for which transient occupational licenses have been issued by the City are expressly allowed by the Ordinance. The City estimated that 507 residential properties containing a total of 906 transient units hold such licenses. Under the Ordinance, these units may continue to be used as Transient Rentals. The Department's Review of the Ordinance. On November 24, 1998, the City transmitted a copy of the Ordinance to the Department for approval or rejection pursuant to Section 380.05(6), Florida Statutes. The Department conducted its review of the Ordinance following its customary procedures for review of land development regulations that impact an area of critical state concern. The review included a consideration of Chapter 28-36, Florida Administrative Code, including the Principles, the City's Plan, and the legislative intent of Chapter 380, Florida Statutes. The Ordinance was directed to Kenneth Metcalf, the person in the Department responsible for supervision of the City ACSC. Mr. Metcalf reviewed the ordinance and assigned it to the Department's Field Office with directions as to which issues the Field Office should address during its review. Following staff review, an evaluation was prepared addressing the Ordinance's consistency with the Principles. The evaluation was reviewed by Mr. Metcalf. After receipt and review of the evaluation, it was discussed at a meeting of Department staff. As a result of the meeting, it was recommended that the Secretary of the Department find the Ordinance consistent with the Principles. On January 5, 1999, the Department entered a Final Order, DCA98-OR-237, finding that the Ordinance was consistent with the Principles. The Department caused notice of the Final Order to published in the Florida Administrative Weekly. Petitioners' Challenge to the Ordinance. The Abbe Petitioners, Mr. Coleman and over 200 other owners of property in Truman Annex, and Mr. Rooney all timely filed petitions challenging the Department's Final Order pursuant to Sections 120.569 and 120.57, Florida Statutes, to the Department's Final Order approving the Ordinance. The petitions were filed with the Division of Administrative Hearings by the Department. The petitions were designated Case Nos. 99-0666GM, 99-0667GM and 99-1081DRI, respectively. Following dismissal of the petitions in all three cases, amended petitions were filed. Mr. Coleman's amended petition, filed on or about June 14, 1999, named Mr. Coleman as the only Petitioner remaining in that case. Standing. The parties stipulated to certain facts relating to the standing of the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman. In addition to stipulating to the facts found, supra, concerning the ownership and use of real property by the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman in the City, it was agreed that the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman have transient occupational licenses issued by the State of Florida and Monroe County for their City real property. The Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman suggested in their proposed orders that it had been stipulated during the hearing that they have standing to initiate, and participate in, this proceeding. A close reading of the stipulation of the parties, however, fails to support this contention. What the Department, City, and the duPonts stipulated to were certain underlying facts; they did not stipulate to the ultimate finding. The Department, City, and duPonts did not stipulate to whether the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman will suffer an immediate injury as a result of the Ordinance. The evidence proved that, the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman do not have the legal right to use their properties as Transient Rentals. Neither a reasonable interpretation of existing land development regulations nor the 50% Rule legalizes such use. As a consequence, the Ordinance cannot have the effect of preventing the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman from using their properties for Transient Rental purposes because that is not a purpose for which they are legally authorized to use the properties anyway. The evidence also proved, however, that the City has allowed the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman to continue to use their properties as Transient Rentals, legally or not, and that, without the City's taking some action, the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman would continue to do so. As a consequence, the Ordinance will have the practical and real effect of preventing the Abbe Petitioners and Mr. Coleman from continuing to use their properties as Transient Rentals, to their economic detriment. The Abbe Petitioners, other than Neal Hirsh and Property Management of Key West, Inc., and Mr. Coleman have proved that they have standing to institute and participate in this proceeding. The duPonts proved that they have standing to participate in this proceeding. The City proved that its substantial interests were determined by the Department's decision in this matter. The City has standing to participate in this proceeding. Mr. Hirsh, Property Management of Key West, Inc., and Mr. Rooney failed to prove that they have standing to institute or participate in this proceeding. The Principles. Rule 28-36.003, Florida Administrative Code, contains the Principles: Strengthen local government capabilities for managing land use and development; Protection of tidal mangroves and associated shoreline and marine resources and wildlife; Minimize the adverse impacts of development of the quality of water in and around the City of Key West and throughout the Florida Keys; Protection of scenic resources of the City of Key West and promotion of the management of unique, tropical vegetation; Protection of the historical heritage of Key West and the Key West Historical Preservation District; Protection of the value, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and amortized life of existing and proposed major public investments, including: The Florida Keys Aqueduct and water supply facilities, Sewage collection and disposal facilities, Solid waste collection and disposal facilities, Key West Naval Air Station, The maintenance and expansion of transportation facilities, and Other utilities, as appropriate; Minimize the adverse impacts of proposed public investments on the natural and environmental resources of the City of Key West; and Protection of the public health, safety, welfare and economy of the City of Key West, and the maintenance of Key West as a unique Florida resource. In determining whether the Ordinance is consistent with the Principles, the Principles should be considered as a whole. No specific provision should be construed or applied in isolation from the other provisions. The Ordinance has little or no impact on those Principles that relate to the natural resources of, and public facilities in, the City. Those Principles include Rule 28- 36.003(1)(b), (c), (d), (f), and (g), Florida Administrative Code. Those Principles are considered neutral in the determination to be made in these cases. The determination of whether the Ordinance is consistent with the Principles is limited to a balancing of the Principles listed in Rule 28-36.003(1)(a), (e), and (h), Florida Administrative Code (hereinafter referred to as "Principles A, E, and H," respectively). Principle A: The Ordinance Strengthens the City's Capabilities for Managing Land Use and Development. In order for the Ordinance to be considered as strengthening the City's capabilities for managing land use and development, the Ordinance must be consistent with the City's Plan. The evidence proved that it is. The City's Plan contains various land use districts, all of which have certain allowable and prohibited uses. The districts established in the City's Plan and the relevant prohibition of transient lodgings are as follows: Coastal Low Density Residential Development district: prohibits "transient lodging and guest homes." Single Family Residential Development district: prohibits "transient accommodations" and "transient rental housing." Medium Density Residential Development district: prohibits "transient lodging and guest homes." Mixed Use Residential/Office: prohibits "transient lodging." Limited Commercial Development: Prohibits "transient residential land use activities." Historic High Density Residential Development and Historic Medium Density Residential Development districts: prohibit "transient residential uses, including guest homes, motels, or hotels." Historic Residential Commercial Core 2: prohibits "transient residential uses." Historic Residential/Office district: prohibits "transient lodging or guest houses" unless previously licensed. Conservation, Military, and Public Services districts: prohibit transient uses. The following districts established by the City Plan allow Transient Rentals: Salt Pond Commercial Tourist: allows "motels, [and] limited scale tourist facilities." General Commercial Development: allows "transient lodging including hotels and motels, timesharing or fractional fee residential complexes, and other transient quarters." Mixed Use Planned Redevelopment and Development districts: uses are determined, not by the City's Plan, but the land development regulations and development approvals for these large scale development districts. Historic Residential Commercial Core 1 and 3 districts: allow "transient residential accommodations" and "tourist accommodations." Historic Neighborhood Commercial: allows "transient rental accommodations" in HNC-1 and HNC-3 districts as long as they do not displace permanent resident housing and "transient accommodations" in HNC-2 districts. Historic Commercial Tourist: allows "hotels, motels, and/or transient lodging facilities." The most reasonable interpretation of the restricted and allowable land uses for the land use districts established under the City's Plan is that references to "transient rental accommodations," "transient residential uses," "transient rental housing," and "transient lodging facilities" are intended to include Transient Rentals. One other district is established by the City's Plan which is relevant to this matter: Historic Planned Redevelopment and Development districts (hereinafter referred to as "HPRD" districts). Land uses allowable in an HPRD district are to be established by land development regulations. The only HPRD district in the City is currently the Truman Annex. Truman Annex was being developed at the time the City's Plan was adopted. While the City's Plan provides that the specific requirements for any HPRD district is to be provided by land development regulations, Policy 1-2.3.4 of the City's Plan does provide, among other things, that the regulations are to "[a]void replacement of permanent housing stock with transient lodging." The Ordinance, and its application to Truman Annex, is consistent with this direction of the City's Plan. Truman Annex was developed as a development of regional impact, or "DRI." As a DRI and HPRD district, land uses in Truman Annex are subject to development agreements between the City and the developer of Truman Annex. Those agreements have been amended 12 times. The Truman Annex development agreements allow the development of "housing units," which included both transient and non-transient uses. "Housing units" were further broken down into the following types: "affordable," "hotel transient housing units," "time share transient housing units," and "other residential housing units." "Affordable" and "other residential housing units" are intended to be "residential" development in the context of the Truman Annex development agreements; "hotel transient housing units" and "time share transient housing units" are intended to be Transient Rentals in the context of the Truman Annex development agreements. Given the distinction between "transient" housing units and other uses in the Truman Annex development agreements, no approval of Transient Rentals of "affordable" or "other residential housing units" was contemplated or allowed by the City. The Truman Annex development agreements and the HPRD district land development regulations do not authorize the use of "affordable" or "other residential housing units" in Truman Annex as Transient Rentals. The Ordinance is, therefore, consistent with the Truman Annex development agreements and the HPRD district land development regulations. The Ordinance, if nothing else, clarifies the state of the law with regard to which Transient Rentals are allowed and which are prohibited in the City. The Ordinance eliminates any lingering confusion caused by the failure of the City to reject the 50% Rule in all circumstances and to properly interpret the Former Transient Definition. The suggestion of the Abbe Petitioners that the 50% Rule was adopted as a part of the City's Plan because it existed when the City's Plan was adopted is not supported by the evidence. Again, the 50% Rule was never adopted as the official policy of the City; it simply went unchallenged by the City. In fact, the 50% Rule was allowed to be advanced by some despite the adoption of the City's Plan and its prohibition against Transient Rentals in the land use districts described, supra. Nor does Objective 1-1.3 of the City's Plan support the Petitioners' position in these cases. That Objective does not require that any particular land use be continued in the City. Nor do those provisions of the City's Plan dealing with the historic significance of the City detract from the conclusion that the Ordinance is consistent with the City's Plan. The provisions dealing with the historic significance of the City are concerned with the significance of structures which have been a part of the history of the City's existence. The City's Plan also evidences a desire to preserve historically significant housing, not any particular use of those structures. Based upon a preponderance of the evidence, the Ordinance is consistent with Principal A. Principle E: Protection of the Historic Heritage of the City and the Key West Historical Preservation District. Principle E requires a consideration of significant events in the history of the City, famous visitors and residences of the City throughout its history, the architectural history of the City, and other aspects of the City's character. This conclusion is supported, in part, by Rule 28-36.003(2)(e), Florida Administrative Code: (e) Historic Resource Protection. A management and enforcement plan and ordinance shall be adopted by the City of Key West providing that designs and uses of development reconstruction within the Key West Historical Preservation District shall be compatible with the existing unique architectural styles and shall protect the historical values of the District. The City of Key shall maintain an architectural review board established pursuant to Section 266.207(2), Florida Statutes. . . . . The evidence in these cases proved that the Ordinance will preserve and ensure the preservation of the City's historical significance. It will do so by limiting the destruction of the character and community of the City, as discussed, infra. Principle E does not support a conclusion, as argued by Petitioners, that Transient Rentals have played such a large part in the history of the City that they should not be regulated in the manner the Ordinance provides for. Petitioners' argument also fails because the Ordinance only regulates Transient Rentals, it does not eliminate historical Transient Rental uses. The City's Plan also fails to support Petitioners' argument. The City's Plan does not address, or require, the continuation of "historical" land uses such as Transient Rentals. Based upon a preponderance of the evidence, it is concluded that the Ordinance is consistent with Principal E. Principle H: Public Health, Safety, and Welfare and the Economy of the City. Principal H requires a consideration of the public health, safety, and welfare, and the economic viability of the City. These factors are inextricably tied to the tourist industry of the City. Without the tourist industry, the City's economy would likely falter to the detriment of the public health, safety, and welfare. A large part of what makes the City attractive, to tourist and residents alike, is the unique community atmosphere and the historical character of the City. The health of the tourist industry in the City is, in part, caused by the City's vibrant and viable communities. An essential characteristic of that vibrancy is the fabric of the people that inhabit the City and the interactions of those inhabitants among themselves and with tourists. As long as tourists continue to enjoy the unique character of the City, they will continue to enjoy their experience and will continue to come back to the City. If that unique character is significantly diminished or lost, so too will be the tourist industry. A number of factors threaten the quality of the tourist experience in the City and, therefore, the continued viability of the tourist industry. Those factors include the shortage of available and affordable housing, a shortage of labor to serve the tourist industry, crowding, and conflicts between tourist and residents of the City. All of these factors are related and must be adequately addressed in order to protect the economic viability of the City. Left unchecked, tourism in the City will likely be seriously impacted. Tourism requires a large labor force to provide the services which tourist expect. The labor force must provide lodging, food, retail sales, amusements, and other services. Indirect services, such as fire protection, police, and others must be provided for also by the labor force. The labor force necessary to serve a tourist industry must be provided with adequate housing. The ability to meet this need must be balanced with the need to provide adequate accommodations to the tourists who visit a destination. The need to balance these competing interests is an even greater challenge in the City because of the existing shortage of available residential property in the City and the lack of viable measures which can be taken to address the shortage. The City's shortage of residential property is caused by the fact that the supply of available land in the City is so restricted it simply cannot meet the demand. The problem caused by the lack of available land is exacerbated by restrictions on development, including those imposed by the rate of growth ordinance and the City's Historic Architectural Review Commission. Actions of the City's Historic Architectural Review Commission cause increases in the cost of redeveloping property and limits the types of redevelopment that may be pursed. Alternatives, like housing the labor force some distance from a tourist destination and providing transportation to bring the labor force into the destination, cannot be utilized in the City to meet the demand for housing for its labor force. The unavailability of adequate land is a problem throughout the length of the Florida Keys. Tourist are now demanding a variety of accommodations. The national trend has seen a increase in the demand for accommodations other than the traditional hotel or motel. Many tourists desire accommodations that include multiple rooms, including kitchen facilities. Transient Rentals have become increasingly available in order to meet part of this demand. Hotels and motels have also begun to offer efficiency- like units. Transient Rentals have also increased because of 1986 changes in federal income tax laws. Those changes have resulted in more owners of vacation housing turning their properties into Transient Rentals in order to offset the cost of the properties. The availability of Transient Rentals has significantly increased in scope and magnitude over what was historically experienced in the City. In addition to the impact on the types of accommodations desired by tourist and the tax benefits of converting property to Transient Rental use, tourism itself has increased dramatically during the past 30 years, further increasing the demand for tourist accommodations. According to a report on housing in the City known as the "Shimberg Report," from 1990 to 1995 the number of housing units decreased from 12,221 to 11,733, a decrease of 488 units. Despite this decrease, the number of households in the City during the same period increased from 10,424 to 11,298, an increase of 874. Economically, a commercial-type use, such as Transient Rentals, will usually be more profitable than a residential use of the same property. The City has experienced this economic impact. As a result of the higher economic value of using a residence as a Transient Rental, tourist use of residential property have in many cases displaced the residential use of property. The demand for Transient Rentals and the need to provide for housing for the labor force necessary to serve the City's tourist industry involve competing and inconsistent goals. In order to meet the need for Transient Rentals in the City, it has been necessary to convert housing formerly used to house the City's residents, including those who make up the labor force. The resulting decrease in residential housing and the increase in Transient Rentals also result in crowding, with members of the labor force in the City being required to share available space with tourists. Crowding results in unacceptable densities of use and increased user conflict. The resulting decrease in residential housing caused by the increase in Transient Rental use in the City has not only resulted in permanent residents leaving the City's communities, but in their departure from the City and the Florida Keys altogether. In addition to the negative impacts on housing, a tourist destination can become so popular that the very quality of the location is negatively impacted or even destroyed. John Pennekamp State Park, located in the northern part of the Florida Keys, has been so successful at attracting visitors that it has been negatively impacted. Although tourism has not reached a point where it is destroying the unique character of the City, the very thing that attracts many visitors to the City, it has the potential of reaching that stage without adequate planning by the City. Shopping by residents in the "downtown" area of the City has already been displaced by shopping areas located away from Old Town. Dr. Virginia Cronk testified during the hearing of these cases concerning what can happen to a community's identity if tourism becomes too dominate. The City is already showing some signs of the negative impact tourism can have on a community. As more stress from overcrowding is placed on the City's communities, the very base of the City's tourist industry is impacted. Not only will the labor force be moved out, the community atmosphere of communities that is so attractive in the City may be diminished or even destroyed. As in many other tourist destinations, the activities of tourists and permanent residents the City are often incompatible. This is especially true in the City because much of what attracts tourists to the City is associated with the City's residential neighborhoods. Part of the tourist destination of the City is its neighborhoods. The type of visitors attracted to the City over the last decade has changed significantly. Many tourists now come to "party" on Duval Street, often late into the night and the early morning hours. The partying often continues back to, and at, the accommodations that the tourists utilize. Many tourists make every effort to maximize their "fun time" by staying up late and playing hard. Because tourists are on vacation, they are not as concerned about when they go to sleep and when they enjoy the City. They are not required to keep any particular schedule, so they are more at liberty to stay up into the early morning hours. Because tourists are only in the City for a short time, they are also less concerned with getting along with their neighbors. They want to have a good time and assume that everyone around them is there for the same reason. Permanent residents of the City are much like permanent residents everywhere. The adults are employed during the day and their children attend school. They go to bed and rise earlier than tourists generally do. Because of the differences in the goals of tourists and permanent residents, inevitable conflicts arise when tourists and residents mix. Unless those conflicts are controlled in the City, permanent residents will be forced out, threatening to end one of the very features that has made the City so attractive to tourists: the unique community atmosphere and historical character of the City. Dr. Cronk explained the different social forces which impact the behavior of tourists and residents. Tourists are simply not subject to the same informal social controls that residents are. As a result, the behavior of tourists often comes into conflict with the behavior normally associated with a true community neighborhood. Because the behavior of tourists is not subject to the same informal social controls as residents, residents must turn increasingly to more formal social controls such as the police and private security forces. These controls often do not work and are more expensive than the informal social controls normally associated with neighborhoods. Witnesses during the hearing of these cases gave examples of clashes between permanent residents and tourists. Those incidents are fully reported in the transcript of the hearing of this matter and are summarized in the proposed orders filed by the Department and City, and the duPonts. The need to resort to more formal social controls, such as the police and private security was also explained by these witnesses. The credible testimony of Ms. Rowe, Margaret Domanski, and Martha duPont accurately describe the types of conflicts the Ordinance is intended to reduce. The impact which the conversion of residential properties to Transient Rentals has on affordable housing in the City is difficult to measure. The Department has suggested that it is significant. Petitioners argue that there is no impact and that, even if there were some impact, affordable housing is not one of the Principles and, therefore, should play no part in the review of the Ordinance. The principles which apply to Monroe County require that Monroe County "make available adequate affordable housing for all sectors of the population of the Florida Keys." Section 380.0552(7)(j), Florida Statutes. This principle is consistent with the legislative intent set out in Section 380.0552(2)(d), Florida Statutes, that a local government provide affordable housing in close proximity to places of employment in the Florida Keys. The Principles applicable to the City ACSC do not contain a principle specifically requiring that affordable housing be maintained. The lack of a specific requirement concerning affordable housing does not, however, support a conclusion that affordable housing should be ignored when applying the Principles to land development regulations adopted by the City. On the contrary, Principle H is broad enough to require a consideration of affordable housing. After all, any consideration of the "public health . . . welfare, and economy" of the City, necessarily must include a consideration of affordable housing. Without adequate housing for all sectors of the City's population, the public health and welfare of the City cannot be maintained. Nor can the economy of the City survive without adequate housing for all segments of the work force. "Affordable housing" does not mean housing for the poor. "Affordable housing" is defined in terms of the percentage of a household's income spent on housing which is considered "affordable" by very-low income, low-income, and moderate-income persons. What is considered affordable is based upon the median household income of a community's very-low income, low-income, and moderate-income population. The approximate median household income of City residents is $49,000.00. In order for the City to be considered to have adequate "affordable housing," persons making between 80 and 120 percent of the median household income, or $39,000 to $59,000, should be able to afford a house. The average value of a single-family house in the City, however, is $300,000, well above the price affordable to persons with a household income of between $39,000 and $59,000. Because of the disparity between the average price of homes and the low median household income of City residents, an enormous burden is placed on residents to fund any type of housing. As much as 30 percent of residents' income must be spent on housing. The number of residents spending at least 30 percent of their income on housing increased significantly between 1990 and 1995. That number is likely to continue to increase. As the cost of residential property increases, the economic burden on residents for housing continues to increase. The cost of residential property is increasing, and will continue to increase, because of the conversion of residential property to Transient Rentals. If the City takes no action with regard to balancing tourist accommodations, particularly Transient Rentals, and housing for its residents, the ability of residents to afford any housing will continue to be negatively impacted. Even though it is doubtful that the Ordinance will increase the ability of residents to actually own their own home, there is no doubt that their ability to afford any housing will continue to be negatively impacted if Transient Rentals continue to displace the use of property for residential purposes. In adopting the Ordinance, the City recognized the negative impact that tourism is having on the City: . . . the transient use of residential dwellings has had deleterious consequences in the residential neighborhoods of Key West; and . . . the increase in the conversion of residential dwellings to transient use is, in part, responsible for the affordable housing shortage in Key West, a shortage confirmed in a study of the City by the Shimberg Center of the University of Florida . . . The finding concerning affordable housing is consistent with the City's Plan. Objective 3-1.1 and Note 2, Policy 1-3.12.3 of the City's Plan. In adopting the Ordinance, the City took a reasonable step to address the problems associated with tourism. The Ordinance, while causing an initial negative impact to the economy, will promote the protection of residential neighborhoods from unnecessary intrusion, promote affordable housing, and ultimately ensure the continued viability of the tourist economy of the City. By limiting the intrusion of Transient Rentals into most residential neighborhoods in the City, the Ordinance will limit the intrusion of negative tourist activities into those neighborhoods. Those negative impacts testified about by Ms. Rowe, Ms. Domanski, and Ms. duPont will be, in most cases, prevented or at least reduced. The reduction of tourist intrusions into neighborhoods will also ensure that the unique community character of the City remains viable. The Ordinance will go a long way in keeping the charm of the City's neighborhoods intact for tourists and residents both. The Ordinance goes a long way in planning for tourism in the City. Reducing economically competitive uses of property in the City, such as the use of property for Transient Rentals, will ensure that the scarce supply of residential property is not further reduced. Stabilizing the supply of residential property, while not eliminating cost increases, will at least eliminate the increase in housing costs associated with the conversion of residential property to Transient Rental use. Eliminating the unlicensed use of Transient Rentals, which the Ordinance will do, will have the effect of actually returning some residential property to the supply of property available to residents. By prohibiting the use of residential properties as Transient Rentals, the total properties in the City available for housing, including for long-term rentals, for permanent residents, will increase. As supply increases, the demand for all housing, including to a very limited extent affordable housing, will be better met. By reducing the drain on residential properties in the City, the strain on the work force necessary to serve the tourist economy of the City will also be reduced. The City recognized and accepted the fact that the Ordinance will have an initial negative impact on the economy of the City. The Pallini Report was commissioned by, and considered by the City Commission. There will be an immediate reduction in revenues from unlicensed Transient Rentals that comply with the Ordinance and the income associated with providing services to those Transient Rentals. Some tourists who would otherwise select the City as their vacation destination will go elsewhere. Unlicensed Transient Rentals (taxed and untaxed), however, make up no more than ten percent of the total accommodations available in the City. It is estimated that the Ordinance will result in a loss in gross sales of $31 million, a loss in personal income of $9 million, and a loss in City revenues annually of $260,000. It is also estimated that there will be a loss of approximately 500 jobs associated with unlicensed Transient Rentals. These estimates are the "worst case" scenario figures. Actual losses will likely be somewhat less. The losses associated with the Ordinance will, however, not be long-term. Gradually, the tourist industry will adjust to the decrease in tourist accommodations and the negative impact on the economy. Some tourists will adjust the time of year they come to the City, resulting in greater tourist business during traditionally slower times. Persons who experience unemployment as a result of the Ordinance will also very likely find other employment relatively quickly because of the tight labor market in the City. The negative economic impacts to the City caused by the Ordinance should not last longer than three to five years. After that time, the economy will adjust. The overall impact of the Ordinance will be to help balance the need to provide tourist accommodations and the need to protect the charm of the City and the ability of the City to provide a work force. Protection of residential neighborhoods in the City comes within the City's responsibility to provide for the public health, safety, and welfare of its citizens, and is a necessary consideration in providing for the economic well- being of the City. Based upon a preponderance of the evidence, the Ordinance is consistent with Principal H. Truman Annex. It has been argued by Mr. Coleman that the application of the Ordinance to the Truman Annex supports a conclusion that the Ordinance is not consistent with the Principles. The evidence failed to support this contention. Truman Annex is located within walking distance of most tourist destinations in the City. The character and atmosphere of Truman Annex makes it an attractive tourist destination in itself. The "Little Whitehouse," a house utilized by President Harry Truman, is located within Truman Annex as is a tourist destination itself. While the Truman Annex is located in an area conducive to use as tourist accommodations, nothing in the City's Plan or land development regulations, the development orders associated with Truman Annex, the historic use of Truman Annex, the public health, safety and welfare, or the continued economic viability of the City depends upon such use. Truman Annex consists of residential housing and tourist accommodations, as well as some commercial facilities. Those activities are, however, largely buffered from each other. Most of the commercial activities are located in the western portion of Truman Annex. The residential housing is located primarily in the eastern portion of Truman Annex. Truman Annex without Transient Rentals constitutes appropriate planning by the developer of Truman Annex and the City. The Ordinance, even when applied to Truman Annex, constitutes an appropriate effort of the City to manage land uses and development. The Ordinance, even when applied to Truman Annex, will protect the historic heritage of Truman Annex and, more importantly, the City. Finally, the evidence proved that the application of the Ordinance to Truman Annex will not adversely impact the public health, safety, welfare, or the long-term economy of the City. Consideration of the Principles as a Whole. The evidence in these cases supports a conclusion that the Ordinance has no or little impact on most of the Principles, except Principles A, E, and H. The evidence proved that the Ordinance is neutral with regard to the other Principles. When Principles A, E, and H are considered individually and together, the evidence proved that the Ordinance is consistent with Principles A, E, and H. The Ordinance constitutes an effort of the City to manage land uses and development in the City, consistent with Principal A. The Ordinance will also help to protect the historic heritage of the City by preserving the character of the City's neighborhoods and, as a result, will preserve the tourist industry, consistent with Principal E. Just as clearly, the Ordinance will enhance the safety, health, and welfare of the residents of the City. Finally, the Ordinance is consistent with Principal H because it will benefit the public health, safety, and welfare of the City by protecting neighborhoods from the intrusion of tourists, reducing the impact of the conversion of residential housing for Transient Rentals, and ensuring the continued character of the City. While there will be an initial negative impact on the economy of the City as a result of the Ordinance, ultimately the Ordinance will have a positive impact on the economy of the City due to the positive impact on the City's tourist industry which will result from the regulation of Transient Rentals. Abbey Petitioners' Rule Challenge, Constitutional Issues, and Other Issues. In the Amended Petition for Administrative Hearing (hereinafter referred to as the "Amended Petition") filed by the Abbe Petitioners, the Abbe Petitioners attempted to challenge pursuant to Section 120.56(4), Florida Statutes, portions of the Final Order of the Department as an unpromulgated rule. The Amended Petition was not, however, filed consistent with the requirements of Section 120.56(4), Florida Statutes. This challenge was required to be filed in a separate petition filed solely with the Division of Administrative Hearings (hereinafter referred to as the "Division") and not through an amendment to a petition originally filed with the Department which was subsequently filed by the Department with the Division with a request that the Division hear the matter. Additionally, even if the issue were properly before the Division, the evidence in this case failed to prove that the statements in the Final Order have any application other than to the Ordinance. Therefore, those statements are not "agency statements of general applicability." The statements are not, therefore, "rules" as defined in Section 120.52(15), Florida Statutes. The Abbe Petitioners also raised issues in the Amended Petition other than the consistency of the Ordinance with the Principles. Other than the question of the consistency of the Ordinance with the Principles, the evidence failed to support the Abbe Petitioners' argument that the issues raised in the Amended Petition are relevant to this matter.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Community Affairs enter a final order approving City of Key West Ordinance 98-31 as consistent with the Principles for Guiding Development of Rule 28-36.003(1), Florida Administrative Code. DONE AND ENTERED this 31st day of August, 2000, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. LARRY J. SARTIN Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 31st day of August, 2000. COPIES FURNISHED: Jeffrey M. Bell, Esquire Ritter, Chusid, Bivona & Cohen, LLP 7000 West Palmetto Park Road, Suite 400 Boca Raton, Florida 33433 Jerry Coleman, Esquire Post Office Box 1393 Key West, Florida 33041 John F. Rooney 208-10 Southard Street Key West, Florida 33040 Andrew S. Grayson, Esquire Assistant General Counsel Department of Community Affairs 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100 Robert Tischenkel, City Attorney City of Key West Post Office Box 1409 Key West, Florida 33041 David J. Audlin, Jr., Esquire Eaton Street Professional Center 524 Eaton Street, Suite 110 Key West, Florida 33040 Lee R. Rohe, Esquire Post Office Box 500252 Marathon, Florida 33050 Barbara Leighty, Clerk Growth Management and Strategic Planning The Capitol, Suite 2105 Tallahassee, Florida 32399 Carol A. Licko, General Counsel Office of the Governor The Capitol, Suite 209 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0001 Steven M. Seibert, Secretary Department of Community Affairs 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard, Suite 100 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100 Cari L. Roth, General Counsel Department of Community Affairs 2555 Shumard Oak Boulevard, Suite 325 Tallahassee, Florida 32399-2100
The Issue Whether the Appellant has been paid relocation assistance benefits in accordance with the law and applicable regulations.
Findings Of Fact The Appellant, Mr. Alfred J. Harris, lived in a one bedroom mobile home on property identified as Parcel No. 145 on Interstate 95. The area on which Mr. Harris and his wife and daughter lived was needed for the Interstate Highway and Mr. Harris became eligible for relocation assistance funds. Relocation assistance eligibility was found to be Eleven Thousand One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($11,150.00) which was based on the difference between a comparable home and location and the land of Mr. Harris. The eligibility mistakenly did not include the mobile home on Mr. Harris' land. A comparable mobile home and lot was found for Mr. Harris and his family in the general area where he lived which could have been purchased for Twenty-Six Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($26,500.00) in relocation benefits as well as receiving payment of Fifteen Thousand Three Hundred Fifty Dollars ($15,350.00) for his land. It was not learned until after the computation for relocation assistance was made and paid that Mr. Harris and his wife had living with them a daughter. The fact that the mobile home was a one bedroom home and three people were living there removed the home from the condition of decent, safe and sanitary housing for the occupants therein. Had the computation been made for relocation assistance with the knowledge that the mobile home in which the Appellant lived did not meet the conditions for decent, safe and sanitary housing, the relocation assistance benefits would have been Nine Thousand Two Hundred Fifty Dollars ($9,250.00) which is less Sixteen Hundred Dollars ($1,600.00), the amount for which Mr. Harris sold his mobile home. Mr. Harris was paid Sixteen Hundred Dollars ($1,600.00) more than he would have been entitled to had the Appellee, the Florida Department of Transportation, not made an error with respect to the mobile home which Mr. Harris later sold by transfer upon the buyer assuming the payments of Sixteen Hundred Dollars ($1,600.00). Mr. Harris and his family decided to buy a conventional type home for the sum of Twenty-Six Thousand Two Hundred Dollars ($26,200.00) rather than the comparable mobile home and land found by the Appellee for the Appellant which was valued at Twenty-Six Thousand Five Hundred Dollars ($26,500.00) . Mr. Harris then refunded Three Hundred Dollars ($300.00) to the Appellee from the Eleven Thousand One Hundred Fifty Dollars ($11,150.00) he had received in relocation assistance. The problem of the overpayment by the Appellee to the Appellant was reviewed by the federal government which refused to absorb the relocation benefits overpaid to Mr. Harris in the amount of Sixteen Hundred Dollars ($1,600.00) but he Appellee, Florida Department of Transportation, agreed that inasmuch as it had made the error and overpaid the Appellant Sixteen Hundred Dollars ($1,600.00), it would absorb the mistake and not collect the amount from the Appellant. The Appellant, Mr. Harris, had misunderstood the error of Appellee and the amount of overpayments and was under the mistaken belief that the Department of Transportation, Appellee, owed him additional relocation assistance monies. Thus, he filed a Complaint on February 18, 1976.
Recommendation Dismiss the appeal inasmuch as the Appellee owes no monies to the Appellant. DONE and ORDERED this 28th day of April, 1977, in Tallahassee, Florida. DELPHENE C. STRICKLAND Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings Room 530, Carlton Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 (904) 488-9675 COPIES FURNISHED: Philip S. Bennett, Esquire George L. Waas, Esquire Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304 Mr. Alfred J. Harris 509 Tumbling Kling Road Fort Pierce, Florida Mr. Joseph A. Alfes, Chief Bureau of Right of Way Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building Tallahassee, Florida 32304
Findings Of Fact At all times pertinent to the issues herein the Petitioner's, H. L. Albritton Transportation Company, Inc., and H. L. Albritton Transportation Management, Inc. were tenants occupying the premises affected by the Department's right-of-way Parcel No. 110.1/710.1; Section job No. 10040-2527, WPI No. 7113748, located at Pelwood Square on State Road 45 (U. S. 41), in Hillsborough County, Florida. The Department is the state agency responsible for the procurement of right-of-way for state highway construction and widening projects in this state. Petitioner, H. L. Albritton Transportation Company, Inc. is engaged in the freight brokerage business and Petitioner, H. L. Albritton Transportation Management, Inc. is engaged in brokering rail transportation. Both arrange for the transportation of goods, with the former primarily utilizing trucks and the latter primarily utilizing rail and air. Both companies are owned by the same individuals, Howard Lee Albritton and Curtis Miller. Mr. Albritton is the President of both companies and makes all decisions of major import regarding them. Sometime during 1993, Mr. Albritton was visited in his offices on State Road 45 by a representative of the Department who indicated a portion of the facility's parking lot was to be taken for the widening of the adjacent highway. The property was subsequently taken in an eminent domain proceeding. Petitioners were not advised by the Department that the project would require them to vacate the premises they were occupying for, in fact, it would not. Nonetheless, Mr. Albritton concluded that the widening project would have a substantial adverse impact on Petitioners' ability to do business at their the current location, and he began to look for a new site for the companies' offices. He looked at properties available both to rent, as he was doing at his then current site, or to purchase. He found several commercial rental locations in the Lutz, Florida area relatively near where he was located, which seemed to have the same features as the State Road 45 location he occupied, but Mr. Albritton rejected them as unsuitable because the buildings were not constructed of brick. After a search of the Lutz area for suitable property, in 1993, Mr. Albritton purchased a seven acre parcel on Crystal Grove Boulevard for $75,000. At the time of the purchase, this property had been approved for development with a single building. Mr. Albritton initiated action to have the property redesigned as a complex of several buildings. Within months of purchasing this property, Mr. Albritton formed HLA Properties, Inc. to own, develop and manage the property. He than transferred ownership of the property to HLA. Through HLA, Mr. Albritton spent approximately $375,000 to design, permit and build offices on the property. These costs were paid by Mr. Albritton with funds derived from the operations of H. L. Albritton Transportation Company, Inc. and H. L. Albritton Transportation Management, Inc. and his ownership of those companies, though neither of the companies actually paid the costs directly. Neither company has an ownership interest in HLA. On April 19, 1995, Petitioners moved their offices from the State Road 45 site to the Crystal Grove Boulevard site. The new company offices encompass an area more than twice the size of the State Road 45 offices, and the Petitioners are tenants of HLA under a written lease calling for a monthly rental payment of $2,250. The Petitioners' move was occasioned, they claim, by the Department's project which resulted in a net loss of 9 parking spaces in the facility's lot. The Department disputes this claim. Prior to the taking, the Pelwood Square property parking lot consisted of 41 parking spaces. This exceeded the requirements of the Hillsborough County Code which called for a minimum of 35 parking spaces. The taking of the 9 spaces by the Department left only 32 spaces which fell below the required minimum. In addition, 9 of the remaining 32 spaces were, in the opinion of Petitioners and their experts, rendered unusable because of a reduction in the turning path available for automobiles to enter and exit the remaining parking spaces. With that second 9 spaces removed, Petitioners contend, only 23 of the original 41 spaces remain usable. Even though this remaining figure falls below County Code requirements for 35 spaces by 12 spaces, this deficiency would not cause the building to close to tenants. If the Albritton companies were still tenants of Pelwood Square, assuming a 60 percent occupancy rate, a need would exist for 27 parking spaces. A one hundred percent occupancy rate would dictate a need for 45 spaces. As of the date of the Department's taking, the occupancy rate at Pelwood square was 70 percent with thirty-three people employed there. Studies done regarding this property indicate that at an occupancy rate of 70 percent, a need would exist for 29 spaces to provide for employee parking. This does not include a provision for customers of the tenants and visitors to the building who also would need parking spaces. The parking spaces remaining after the taking would be inadequate to accommodate the parking needs of the property, but this inadequacy could be cured by an alternative parking plan. Without the implementation of a cure for the facility's parking situation, the 23 remaining spaces can reasonable accommodate only a 50 percent occupancy rate at the property. It is not reasonable to assume that Pelwood Square will maintain no more than a 50 percent occupancy rate. There is some evidence that the average occupancy rate of comparable facilities in the area is 90 percent, but no evidence that Pelwood Square ever had or expected to achieve that rate in the future. Petitioners claim that they were not offered any guarantee of a cure to the parking problem by the facility owners. As tenants at the facility, they could not force a cure, but their claim that they had no influence over whether a cure would be implemented is not reasonable. The Department's expert, Mr. Doyle, demonstrated that by revising the parking area and by adjusting the entry to the parking lot, a total of 33 regular parking spaces and two handicap spaces, for a total of 35 spaces could be provided. This would more than meet the requirement for a 70 percent occupancy which is a reasonable estimate of an expected rate in the foreseeable future. This plan was submitted in September, 1995 to Hillsborough County authorities and it was found likely to be approved. The 35 proposed parking spaces also exceeds the requirements for 31 spaces indicated in a parking study conducted for the Department. The proposed cure plan described would cost approximately $10,000, a not-considerable sum. The Department follows the provisions of 49 CFR, Part 24, the requirements of which it has incorporated within the provisions of its Rule 14- Florida follows and tracks the Federal Highway Act for both state and federally funded projects. When the Petitioners' appeal was first filed with the Department, it did not include sufficient information relative to occupancy rates at Pelwood Square or information of how often the parking lots there were full. In addition, there was no information which indicated a necessity for Petitioners to leave that facility. Therefore, Department officials conducted, or caused to be conducted, a parking study of the Pelwood Square facility which indicated ample parking spaces remained with modification of the lot, even after the taking. In addition, the Department's District 7 relocation administrator, Mr. Johnson, upon the request of Petitioners' counsel for assistance with the denial process, went to the Pelwood Square site several times and at differing times of the day. Johnson never found the lot to be even half full. He concluded that the Department's determination that Petitioners were not displaced persons was correct. Displaced persons are described in Part 24.2(g) of the federal regulations as persons who move from real property as the result of "acquisition." Part 24.2(g)2(i)-(xi) defines "persons not displaced", and under that definition, the department has concluded that Petitioners do not qualify as displaced persons under the Act. It is so found. Assuming, arguendo, that Petitioners did qualify, however, only reasonable moving and related expenses are compensable. A qualifying displaced person is not prohibited from purchasing property as an alternative to leasing if such actions can be determined to be reasonable expenses. Petitioners claim to have incurred the following expenses relative to the move in issue: Claimed actual moving expenses: VENDOR EXPENSE AMOUNT Waldec Software repair $2,000.00 Waldec Phone comp. cable 1,065.00 Grabel Furniture move 587.00 ADT Security system 114.50 GTE Waldec Relocate phone syst. Phone comp. cable installation 522.60 764.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 2,485.00 County CommPermits 915.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 3,281.00 Heidt and Assoc. Engineers - permit 251.00 Heidt and Assoc. Engineers - permit 1,100.00 Cent. Fla. Lab Water testing 1,125.00 Brd. Co. Comm. Permit - Impact Fee 1,215.00 SWFWMD Water tax and permit 800.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 6,248.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 7,144.00 Hills. Co. Permit license 360.00 Hills. Co. Permit license 460.00 Brd. Co. Comm Permit license 500.00 DEP Permit 500.00 Brd. Co. Comm. Inspection costs 160.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 942.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 500.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 915.00 Heidt and Assoc. Engineers - permit 140.00 Heidt and AssocEngineers - permit 139.00 Heidt and AssocPlans 600.00 Heidt and Assoc. Engineers - permit 7.63 Heidt and Assoc. Engineering 58.00 Hills. Co. Util. Hookup/Impact costs 600.00 TECO Move and Inst elec. 968.00 TECO Move and Inst elec. 897.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permit assistance 442.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permit assistance 88.70 Brd. Co. Comm. License and permit 1,037.00 H.C.B.D. Permit and impact fee 9,110.93 Ed Scheid Land clearing 1,000.00 Waterford Const. Surveying 1,150.00 Design Circle Bank inspection 400.00 Design Circle Bank inspection 200.00 Bryan Gassaway Groundwork 3,907.00 Garner Asphalt Groundwork 2,500.00 Robert Cutoff Tree preparation 1,050.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permitting 1,888.00 Scott Gainsforth Landscaping 1,073.00 Creekside Nurs. Landscaping 3,249.00 Cypress Creek Landscaping 3,217.00 Bryan Gassaway Earthwork 522.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permitting 406.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permitting 2,278.00 Futzinger Pump construction 301.00 Atlantic Test. Ground density 380.00 Barnett bank Loan appl. fee 1,000.00 Sprinkle Eng. Permitting 130.00 Futzinger Well system 1,835.00 Surfaces of Fla. Const. materials 2,934.00 Barnett Bank Loan closing 10,276.00 Jolson Pipe Piping 1,671.00 SUBTOTAL $89,410.26 (Of the above costs, the amount of $587.00 to Grabel for the furniture move; the $114.50 to ADT for the security system move; the $552.60 to GTE for relocation of the phone system; and the $764.00 to Waldec for the phone computed cable installation, for a total of $1,988.20, can be classified as expenses for dismantling, packing, moving and reinstalling Petitioners' personal property. Also, of the above costs, the amount of $1,065.00 paid to Waldec for cable installation can be classified as a modification to the Crystal Grove Boulevard property during construction to accommodate their business.) Claimed reestablishment expenses - non- residential move: Garner Asphalt Paving materials 6,000.00 Taylor Precast Bldg. materials 3,105.00 Waterford Const. Bldg. materials 31,461.00 Garrison's Bldg. materials 1,300.00 Waterford Const. Gen'l Cntrctr. 89,237.00 Garrison's Bldg. materials 2,824.00 Tampa Brick Bldg. materials 1,592.00 Garner Asphalt Paving 18,567.00 Waterford Const. Gen'l Cntrctr 16,918.00 Waterford Const. Gen'l Cntrctr 36,476.00 Tampa Brick Bldg. materials 211.00 Waterford Const. Gen'l Cntrctr 5,000.00 $212,691.00 Subsequent to the taking of testimony, but before the hearing was adjourned, counsel for Petitioners modified their claim as follows: Twelve cost items relating to the cons- truction of Petitioner's new building, those totaling $212,619.00 and listed in paragraph 16b, supra, were combined and capped at $10,000.00. These included: (1) Garner Asphalt Ch 1011 $6,000.00 (2) Precast Ch 1022 3,105.00 (3) Waterford Constr. Ch 1025 31,461.00 (4) Garrison Ch 1038 1,300.00 (5) Waterford Constr. Ch 1042 89,237.00 (6) Garrison Ch 1044 2,824.00 (7) Tampa Brick Ch 1036 1,592.00 (8) Garner Asphalt Ch 1060 18,567.00 (9) Waterford Constr. Ch 1062 16,918.00 (10) Waterford Constr .Ch 1063 36,476.00 (11) Tampa Brick Ch 1073 211.00 (12) Waterford Constr. Ch 1201R 5,000.00 In addition, the claim for a thirteenth item in the amount of $75,000.00 for the purchase of the Crystal Grove Boulevard property was withdrawn. The total claim by Petitioners is now $98,569.48.
Recommendation Based on the foregoing Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law, it is recommended that the Department of Transportation enter a Final Order denying the applications of both H. L. Albritton Transportation Company, Inc. and H. L. Albritton Transportation Management, inc. for reimbursement of moving and reestablishment expenses as a result of the Department's taking of a portion of the parking lot at Pelwood Square where Petitioners were tenants. DONE and ENTERED this 12th day of August, 1996, in Tallahassee, Florida. ARNOLD H. POLLOCK, Hearing Officer Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-1550 (904) 488-9675 Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 12th day of August, 1996. APPENDIX TO RECOMMENDED ORDER, CASE NO. 94-0014 To comply with the requirements of Section 120.59(2), Florida Statutes (1993), the following rulings are made on the parties' proposed findings of fact: Petitioner's Proposed Findings of Fact. Accepted and incorporated herein. Accepted and incorporated herein. - 5. Accepted and incorporated herein. Accepted but not determinative of any material issue of fact. - 10. Accepted and incorporated herein. 11. - 18. Accepted and incorporated herein, but not determinative of any material issue. 19. and 20. Accepted. 21. - 24. Accepted that Petitioners were lessee's at Pelwood Square, but rejected that a cure was not possible or that Petitioners could not have influence over whether a cure would occur. 25. - 27. Rejected as not consistent with the evidence. Accepted as a restatement of witness testimony. and 30. Rejected as not consistent with the evidence. Accepted. and 33. Not proven. 34. Accepted that the stated charges were paid but rejected that they were required to be paid as a result of the taking. Respondent's Proposed Findings of Fact. 1. - 3. Accepted and incorporated herein. 4. and 5. Accepted and incorporated herein. 6. - 9. Accepted and incorporated herein. 10. - 12. Accepted and incorporated herein. Accepted and incorporated herein. - 17. Accepted and incorporated herein. 18. and 19. Accepted. COPIES FURNISHED: A. Kurt Ardaman, Esquire Fishback, Dominick, Bennett, Stepter, Ardaman and Bonus 170 East Washington Street Orlando, Florida 32801-2397 Ralph B. Fisher, Esquire Fisher's Law Office, P.A. 18125 Highway 41 North, Suite 109 Lutz, Florida 33549 Paul Sexton, Esquire Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building, Mail Station 58 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 Ben G. Watts, Secretary Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building, Mail Station 58 Attention: Diedre Grubbs 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 Thornton J. Williams General Counsel Department of Transportation 562 Haydon Burns Building 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458
The Issue The issue is whether Petitioner is entitled to relocation benefits from Respondent after receipt of settlement proceeds, pursuant to a final judgment entered following Petitioner's acceptance of an offer of judgment made during the condemnation action previously prosecuted by Respondent.
Findings Of Fact The parties previously litigated a condemnation action in which Respondent sought to terminate Petitioner's leasehold interest in certain real property in order to construct a federal-assisted road project. As between the two parties, the condemnation action ended in a settlement and stipulated final judgment. In an Offer of Judgment dated May 2, 1997, Respondent offered $30,000 "to settle all claims with said Respondents, exclusive of attorneys fees and costs . . .." By letter dated June 6, 1997, Petitioner notified Respondent that it was accepting the offer of judgment, "which was in the amount of $30,000 for business damages." The parties stipulated to the entry of a Final Judgment pursuant to their settlement. By Final Judgment dated June 19, 1997, the court entered final judgment, stating that the payment of $30,000 was "in full payment for any and all business damages for Parcels 136 and 736 herein taken, and for all other damages of any nature, including interest " Paragraph 15 of Petitioner's Answer in Eminent Domain, served December 6, 1994, states that Petitioner "will suffer moving expenses, relocation costs[,] loss of personal property and other expenditures not known at this time, for all of which it seeks recovery from the [Respondent]." In providing Respondent with information to assess the settlement value of the condemnation case, Petitioner included claims that are properly classified as relocation expenses. In a letter from counsel for Petitioner to counsel for Respondent dated April 1, 1997, Petitioner provided "our business damage report . . .." The total claimed was $406,225, which included numerous costs of relocation. Respondent maintains a manual entitled "Relocation Assistance Program" ("Manual"). The Manual contemplates that claims for relocation assistance are separate from takings claims. For example, Manual Section 9.2.18 provides, for owners, that relocation claims must be made within 18 months from the latter of the date of displacement or the date of final payment for acquisition of the property. Manual Section 9.2.22 contemplates the possible inclusion of relocation claims within administrative or legal proceedings. Additionally, Manual Section 9.2.24 provides for a formal administrative hearing of unresolved disputes concerning relocation claims. Manual Section 9.2.22 provides that relocation benefits included in a settlement must be accompanied by certain documentation. Manual Section 9.2.22.2 provides that, absent the required documentation, a specific individual within Respondent must grant an exemption. The record does not indicate that Respondent complied with either of these alternative requirements in settling the condemnation action.
Recommendation It is RECOMMENDED that the Department of Transportation enter a final order dismissing Petitioner's claim for monetary relocation assistance. DONE AND ENTERED this 16th day of June, 2000, in Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida. ROBERT E. MEALE Administrative Law Judge Division of Administrative Hearings The DeSoto Building 1230 Apalachee Parkway Tallahassee, Florida 32399-3060 (850) 488-9675 SUNCOM 278-9675 Fax Filing (850) 921-6847 www.doah.state.fl.us Filed with the Clerk of the Division of Administrative Hearings this 16th day of June, 2000. COPIES FURNISHED: Pamela Leslie, General Counsel Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building, Mail Station 58 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 James C. Myers Clerk of Agency Proceedings Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building, Mail Station 58 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458 Vanessa Thomas Forman, Krehl & Montgomery Post Office Box 159 Ocala, Florida 34478 Kelly A. Bennett Assistant General Counsel Department of Transportation Haydon Burns Building, Mail Station 58 605 Suwannee Street Tallahassee, Florida 32399-0458
